Research Article
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Life Satisfaction and Loneliness as Predictive Variables in Psychological Resilience Levels of Emerging Adults

Year 2018, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 176 - 184, 18.12.2018

Abstract

The aim of this study is to reveal the predictive power of the
individuals in emerging adulthood in terms of personal strength, structural
style, social competence, family cohesion and social resources which are sub
dimensions of psychological resilience.
The
study group consisted of 659 university students, 543 women (82%) and 116 men
(18%). The randomized cluster sampling method is used to create the study
group. Pearson Moments Multiplication Correlation Coefficient and Multiple
Regression Analysis are used to analyze the data. In the study, it is found
that life satisfaction and loneliness levels of university students who are in
emerging adulthood period are related to structural style, future perception,
family cohesion, self-perception, social competence and social resources which
are sub- subscales of psychological resilience.Research results reveales that
psychological resilience is significantly predicted by life satisfaction and
loneliness.

References

  • Arnett, J. J. (2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist, 55, 469 480.
  • Arnett J. J. (2004). Emerging adulthood: The winding road from the late teens through the twenties. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Arnett, J. J. (2006). Emerging adulthood in Europe: A response to Bynner. Journal of Youth Studies, 9, 111-123.
  • Barrett, A. E. (1999). Social support and life satisfaction among the never married: Examining the effects of age. Research on Aging, 21(1), 46-72.
  • Basım, H. N., & Çetin, F. (2011). Yetişkinler için psikolojik dayanıklılık ölçeği’nin güvenilirlik ve geçerlilik çalışması [The reliability and validity study of the psychological resilience scale for adults]. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi [Turkish Journal of Psychiatry], 22(2),104-14.
  • Benyaminia, Y., Leventhal, H., & Leventhal, E. A. (2004). Self-rated oral health as an independent predictor of self-rated general health, self esteem and life satisfaction. Social Science and Medicine, 59, 1109-1116.
  • Bıyık, N. (2004). Üniversite öğrencilerinin yalnızlık duygularının kişisel ve sosyal özellikleri, öfke eğilimleri açısından incelenmesi [Investigation of university students' feelings of loneliness in terms of personal, social characteristics and anger tendencies] (Unpublished master thesis, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey). Retrieved from https:// tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, E., Özcan, A. E., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2013). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri [Scientific research methods]. Ankara: Pegem Akademi Publishing.
  • Çeçen, A. R. (2007). Üniversite öğrencilerinin cinsiyet ve yaşam doyumu düzeylerine göre sosyal ve duygusal yalnızlık düzeylerinin incelenmesi [Investigation of social and emotional loneliness levels of university students according to gender and life satisfaction levels]. Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi [Mersin University Faculty of Education Journal], 3(2), 180-190.
  • Demir, A. (1989). UCLA Yalnızlık Ölçeği’nin geçerlik ve güvenirliği [The validity and reliability of the UCLA Loneliness Scale]. Psikoloji Dergisi [Journal of Psychology], 7(23), 14-18.
  • Diener, E., & Diener, C. (1995). Factors predicting the subjective well-being of nations. J Pers SocPsychol, 69, 851-864.
  • Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71-75.
  • Eryılmaz, S. (2012). Üniversite öğrencilerinde psikolojik sağlamlığı yordamada yaşam doyumu, benlik saygısı, iyimserlik ve kontrol odağının incelenmesi [Investigation of life satisfaction, self-esteem, optimism and locus of control in psychological resilience in university students] (Unpublished master thesis, Muğla University, Muğla, Turkey). Retrieved from https:// tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/
  • Extremera, N., Duran, A., & Rey, L. (2009). The moderating effect of trait meta-mood on perceived stres on life satisfaction. Personality and Individual Differences, 47, 116-121.
  • Flaherty, M. (1992). Risk and resilience in young adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 21(5), 529-550.
  • Friborg, O., Barlaug, D., Martinussen, M., Rosenvinge, J. H., & Hjemdal, O. (2005). Resilience in relation to personality and intelligence. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 14(1), 29-42.
  • Friborg, O., Hjemdal, O., Rosenvinge, J. H., & Martinussen, M. (2003). A new rating scale for adult resilience: what are the central protective resources behind healthy adjustment? International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 12(2), 65-76.
  • Gable, S. L., & Haidth, J. (2005). What (and why) is positive psychology? Review of General Psychology, 9(2), 103-110.
  • Garmezy, N. (1993). Children in poverty: Resilience despite risk. Psychiatry, 56(1), 127-136.
  • Gilman, R., & Huebner, E. S. (2006). Characteristics of adolescents who report very high life satisfaction. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 35(3), 311-319.
  • Goldstein, S., & Brooks, R. (2005). Why study resilience? In S. Goldstein, & Robert B. (Eds.), Handbook of resilience in children (pp. 3-17). New York: Springer.
  • Gümüşbaş, B. (2008). Stresle başa çıkma yollarının ilköğretim ikinci kademe öğrencilerinin stresle başa çıkma yöntemleri ve yaşam doyumu üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi [Investigation of the effects of coping with stress on primary school second grade students' coping with stress methods and life satisfaction] (Unpublished master thesis, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey). Retrieved from https:// tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/
  • Huebner, E. S. (2004). Research on assessment of life satisfaction in children and adolescents. Social Indicators Research, 66, 3-33. Joshanloo, M., & Afshari, S. (2011). Big five personality traits and self esteem as predictors of life satisfaction in iranian muslim university students. Journal of Happiness Studies, 12, 105-113.
  • Karasar, N. (2011). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi [Scientific research method]. Ankara: Nobel Academic Publishing.
  • Kılıç, Ş. D. (2014). Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Yalnızlık ve Psikolojik Dayanıklılıklarının İncelenmesi [Analysis of Loneliness and Psychological Resilience of University Students]. (Published master's thesis, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey) Retrieved from https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/
  • Köker, S. (1991). Normal ve Sorunlu Ergenlerin Yaşam Doyumu Düzeyinin Karşılaştırılması. [Life Satisfaction Comparison of Normal and Problematic Adolescents] (Unpublished master's thesis, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey). Retrieved from https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/
  • Lucas, R. E., Clark, A. E., Georgellis, Y., & Diener, E. (2004). Unemployment alters the set point for life satisfaction. Psychological Science, 15(1), 8-13.
  • Luther, S., & Zigler, E. (1992). Intelligence and social competence among high-risk adolescents. Development and Psychopathology, 4(2), 287-299.
  • Masten, A. S., & Reed, M. J. (2002). Resilience in development. In C. R. Snyder, & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), The Hadbook of Positive Psychology. Oxford: University Pres.
  • Morsünbül, Ü. (2013). Beliren yetişkinler mi, beliren üniversiteli yetişkinler mi? Risk alma ve kimlik biçimlenmesi üzerinden bir inceleme. [Is it emerging adults or emerging university adults? a study on risk taking and identity formatting] İlköğretim Online, 12(3), 873-885.
  • Nelson, L. J., & Chen X. (2007). Emerging adulthood in China: The role of social and cultural factors. Child Development Perspectives, 1(2), 86- 91.
  • Neto, F. (2001). Satisfaction with life among adolescents from immigrant Families in Portugal. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 30(1), 53-67.
  • Oishi, S., Diener, E. F., Lucas, R. E., & Suh, E. M. (1999). Cross-cultural variations in predictors of life satisfaction: perspectives from needs and values. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25, 980-990.
  • Pavot, W., & Diener, E. (1993). The affective and cognitive context of self reported measures of subjective well-being. Social Indicators Research, 28, 1-20.
  • Peplau, L. A., & Perlman, D. (1984). Loneliness research: A survey of emprical findings. In L. A. Peplau, & S. E. Goldston. (Eds.), Preventing the harmful consequences of severe and persistent loneliness,13-47, Rockville, MD: National Institue of Mental Health.
  • Russell, D., Peplau, L. A., & Cutrona, C. E. (1980). The revised UCLA loneliness scale: Concurrent and discriminant validity evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 472-480.
  • Russell, D., Peplau, L. A., & Ferguson, M. L. (1978). Developing a measure of loneliness. Journal of Personality Assessment, 42 (3), 290- 294.
  • Rutter, M. (2006). Implications of resilience concepts for scientific understanding. Resilience in Children, 1-12.
  • Suldo, S. M., & Huebner, E. S. (2006). Is extremely high life satisfaction during adolescence advantageous? Social Indicators Research, 78, 179-203.
  • Terzi, Ş. (2008). Üniversite öğrencilerinin psikolojik dayanıklılıkları ve algıladıkları sosyal destek arasındaki ilişki. [The relationship between psychological resilience and perceived social support of university students] Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi [Turkish Journal of Psychological Counseling and Guidance], 3(29), 1-11.
  • Ülker-Tümlü, G., & Recepoğlu, E. (2013). Üniversite akademik personelinin psikolojik dayanıklılık ve yaşam doyumu arasındaki ilişki. [The relationship between psychological resilience and life satisfaction of university academic staff] Yükseköğretim ve Bilim Dergisi [Journal of Higher Education and Science], 3, 205-213.
  • Weiss, R. S. (1973). Loneliness: The experience of emotional and social isolation. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Yetim, Ü. (1991). Kişisel projelerin organizasyonu ve örüntüsü açısından yaşam doyumu.[Life Satisfaction in terms of Organization and Pattern of Personal Projects]. (Unpublished doctoral thesis, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey). Retrieved from https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/
Year 2018, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 176 - 184, 18.12.2018

Abstract

References

  • Arnett, J. J. (2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist, 55, 469 480.
  • Arnett J. J. (2004). Emerging adulthood: The winding road from the late teens through the twenties. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Arnett, J. J. (2006). Emerging adulthood in Europe: A response to Bynner. Journal of Youth Studies, 9, 111-123.
  • Barrett, A. E. (1999). Social support and life satisfaction among the never married: Examining the effects of age. Research on Aging, 21(1), 46-72.
  • Basım, H. N., & Çetin, F. (2011). Yetişkinler için psikolojik dayanıklılık ölçeği’nin güvenilirlik ve geçerlilik çalışması [The reliability and validity study of the psychological resilience scale for adults]. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi [Turkish Journal of Psychiatry], 22(2),104-14.
  • Benyaminia, Y., Leventhal, H., & Leventhal, E. A. (2004). Self-rated oral health as an independent predictor of self-rated general health, self esteem and life satisfaction. Social Science and Medicine, 59, 1109-1116.
  • Bıyık, N. (2004). Üniversite öğrencilerinin yalnızlık duygularının kişisel ve sosyal özellikleri, öfke eğilimleri açısından incelenmesi [Investigation of university students' feelings of loneliness in terms of personal, social characteristics and anger tendencies] (Unpublished master thesis, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey). Retrieved from https:// tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, E., Özcan, A. E., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2013). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri [Scientific research methods]. Ankara: Pegem Akademi Publishing.
  • Çeçen, A. R. (2007). Üniversite öğrencilerinin cinsiyet ve yaşam doyumu düzeylerine göre sosyal ve duygusal yalnızlık düzeylerinin incelenmesi [Investigation of social and emotional loneliness levels of university students according to gender and life satisfaction levels]. Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi [Mersin University Faculty of Education Journal], 3(2), 180-190.
  • Demir, A. (1989). UCLA Yalnızlık Ölçeği’nin geçerlik ve güvenirliği [The validity and reliability of the UCLA Loneliness Scale]. Psikoloji Dergisi [Journal of Psychology], 7(23), 14-18.
  • Diener, E., & Diener, C. (1995). Factors predicting the subjective well-being of nations. J Pers SocPsychol, 69, 851-864.
  • Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71-75.
  • Eryılmaz, S. (2012). Üniversite öğrencilerinde psikolojik sağlamlığı yordamada yaşam doyumu, benlik saygısı, iyimserlik ve kontrol odağının incelenmesi [Investigation of life satisfaction, self-esteem, optimism and locus of control in psychological resilience in university students] (Unpublished master thesis, Muğla University, Muğla, Turkey). Retrieved from https:// tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/
  • Extremera, N., Duran, A., & Rey, L. (2009). The moderating effect of trait meta-mood on perceived stres on life satisfaction. Personality and Individual Differences, 47, 116-121.
  • Flaherty, M. (1992). Risk and resilience in young adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 21(5), 529-550.
  • Friborg, O., Barlaug, D., Martinussen, M., Rosenvinge, J. H., & Hjemdal, O. (2005). Resilience in relation to personality and intelligence. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 14(1), 29-42.
  • Friborg, O., Hjemdal, O., Rosenvinge, J. H., & Martinussen, M. (2003). A new rating scale for adult resilience: what are the central protective resources behind healthy adjustment? International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 12(2), 65-76.
  • Gable, S. L., & Haidth, J. (2005). What (and why) is positive psychology? Review of General Psychology, 9(2), 103-110.
  • Garmezy, N. (1993). Children in poverty: Resilience despite risk. Psychiatry, 56(1), 127-136.
  • Gilman, R., & Huebner, E. S. (2006). Characteristics of adolescents who report very high life satisfaction. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 35(3), 311-319.
  • Goldstein, S., & Brooks, R. (2005). Why study resilience? In S. Goldstein, & Robert B. (Eds.), Handbook of resilience in children (pp. 3-17). New York: Springer.
  • Gümüşbaş, B. (2008). Stresle başa çıkma yollarının ilköğretim ikinci kademe öğrencilerinin stresle başa çıkma yöntemleri ve yaşam doyumu üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi [Investigation of the effects of coping with stress on primary school second grade students' coping with stress methods and life satisfaction] (Unpublished master thesis, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey). Retrieved from https:// tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/
  • Huebner, E. S. (2004). Research on assessment of life satisfaction in children and adolescents. Social Indicators Research, 66, 3-33. Joshanloo, M., & Afshari, S. (2011). Big five personality traits and self esteem as predictors of life satisfaction in iranian muslim university students. Journal of Happiness Studies, 12, 105-113.
  • Karasar, N. (2011). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi [Scientific research method]. Ankara: Nobel Academic Publishing.
  • Kılıç, Ş. D. (2014). Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Yalnızlık ve Psikolojik Dayanıklılıklarının İncelenmesi [Analysis of Loneliness and Psychological Resilience of University Students]. (Published master's thesis, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey) Retrieved from https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/
  • Köker, S. (1991). Normal ve Sorunlu Ergenlerin Yaşam Doyumu Düzeyinin Karşılaştırılması. [Life Satisfaction Comparison of Normal and Problematic Adolescents] (Unpublished master's thesis, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey). Retrieved from https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/
  • Lucas, R. E., Clark, A. E., Georgellis, Y., & Diener, E. (2004). Unemployment alters the set point for life satisfaction. Psychological Science, 15(1), 8-13.
  • Luther, S., & Zigler, E. (1992). Intelligence and social competence among high-risk adolescents. Development and Psychopathology, 4(2), 287-299.
  • Masten, A. S., & Reed, M. J. (2002). Resilience in development. In C. R. Snyder, & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), The Hadbook of Positive Psychology. Oxford: University Pres.
  • Morsünbül, Ü. (2013). Beliren yetişkinler mi, beliren üniversiteli yetişkinler mi? Risk alma ve kimlik biçimlenmesi üzerinden bir inceleme. [Is it emerging adults or emerging university adults? a study on risk taking and identity formatting] İlköğretim Online, 12(3), 873-885.
  • Nelson, L. J., & Chen X. (2007). Emerging adulthood in China: The role of social and cultural factors. Child Development Perspectives, 1(2), 86- 91.
  • Neto, F. (2001). Satisfaction with life among adolescents from immigrant Families in Portugal. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 30(1), 53-67.
  • Oishi, S., Diener, E. F., Lucas, R. E., & Suh, E. M. (1999). Cross-cultural variations in predictors of life satisfaction: perspectives from needs and values. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25, 980-990.
  • Pavot, W., & Diener, E. (1993). The affective and cognitive context of self reported measures of subjective well-being. Social Indicators Research, 28, 1-20.
  • Peplau, L. A., & Perlman, D. (1984). Loneliness research: A survey of emprical findings. In L. A. Peplau, & S. E. Goldston. (Eds.), Preventing the harmful consequences of severe and persistent loneliness,13-47, Rockville, MD: National Institue of Mental Health.
  • Russell, D., Peplau, L. A., & Cutrona, C. E. (1980). The revised UCLA loneliness scale: Concurrent and discriminant validity evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 472-480.
  • Russell, D., Peplau, L. A., & Ferguson, M. L. (1978). Developing a measure of loneliness. Journal of Personality Assessment, 42 (3), 290- 294.
  • Rutter, M. (2006). Implications of resilience concepts for scientific understanding. Resilience in Children, 1-12.
  • Suldo, S. M., & Huebner, E. S. (2006). Is extremely high life satisfaction during adolescence advantageous? Social Indicators Research, 78, 179-203.
  • Terzi, Ş. (2008). Üniversite öğrencilerinin psikolojik dayanıklılıkları ve algıladıkları sosyal destek arasındaki ilişki. [The relationship between psychological resilience and perceived social support of university students] Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi [Turkish Journal of Psychological Counseling and Guidance], 3(29), 1-11.
  • Ülker-Tümlü, G., & Recepoğlu, E. (2013). Üniversite akademik personelinin psikolojik dayanıklılık ve yaşam doyumu arasındaki ilişki. [The relationship between psychological resilience and life satisfaction of university academic staff] Yükseköğretim ve Bilim Dergisi [Journal of Higher Education and Science], 3, 205-213.
  • Weiss, R. S. (1973). Loneliness: The experience of emotional and social isolation. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Yetim, Ü. (1991). Kişisel projelerin organizasyonu ve örüntüsü açısından yaşam doyumu.[Life Satisfaction in terms of Organization and Pattern of Personal Projects]. (Unpublished doctoral thesis, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey). Retrieved from https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/
There are 43 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Psychology
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Esma Yakıcı This is me

Zeliha Traş

Publication Date December 18, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 2 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Yakıcı, E., & Traş, Z. (2018). Life Satisfaction and Loneliness as Predictive Variables in Psychological Resilience Levels of Emerging Adults. Research on Education and Psychology, 2(2), 176-184.

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