Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

DEVELOPMENT OF THE HIGH-PERFORMANCE WORK SYSTEMS SCALE FOR HOSPITALS: VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY

Year 2020, , 128 - 138, 30.09.2020

Aysun Danayiyen S. Burak Bekaroglu

https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2020.1276

Abstract

ABSTRACT
Purpose- This study aims to develop a scale that evaluates the level of HPWS practices in hospitals based on employee perceptions and to make its validity and reliability.
Methodology- The study was conducted via an online survey in three public education and research hospitals. The sample consisted of 309 clinical and administrative employees. After performed face and content validity, a pilot study conducted. The item-total score correlations and Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were calculated. Construct validity was tested. Correlation analysis was performed to test scale-related validity.
Findings- Overall, a 29 items scale were obtained, encompassing 6 factors that explained 78% of the total variance. Reliability coefficients varied between .96 and .87. Confirmatory factor analyses were found to show good fit. Evidence for criterion-related validity was obtained after correlation analysis.
Conclusion- The scale that proven content, construct, and predictive validity, can be used to evaluate the level of high-performance work systems in hospitals.

Keywords

High-performance work systems human resources management healthcare health workforce validity reliability

References

  • Ang, S. H., Bartram, T., McNeil, N., Leggat, S. G., & Stanton, P. (2013). The effects of high-performance work systems on hospital employees’ work attitudes and intention to leave: a multi-level and occupational group analysis. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24(16), 3086-3114. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2013.775029
  • Arthur, J. B. (1994). Effects of human resource systems on manufacturing performance and turnover. Academy of Management Journal, 37(3), 670-687. https://doi.org/10.5465/256705
  • Becker, B. E., & Huselid, M. A. (1998). High performance work systems and firm performance: a synthesis of research and managerial implications. Research in Personnel and Human Resource Management, 53-102. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp001392z
  • Becker, B., & Gerhart, B. (1996). The impact of human resource management on organizational performance: progress and prospects. Academy of Management Journal, 39(4), 779-801. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/256712
  • Brislin, R. W. (1986). The wording and translation of research instruments. In: Lonner, W. J., & Berry, J. W. (Ed.), Field methods in cross-cultural research (ss. 137-164). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
  • Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: basic concepts, applications, and programming (2nd edition). New York.: Routledge.
  • Cohen, R. J., & Swerdlik, M. E. (2018). Psychological testing and assessment: an introduction to tests and measurement (9th edition). The McGraw−Hill Companies. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0222-1_8
  • Cole, D. A. (1987). Utility of confirmatory factor analysis in test validation research. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55(4), 584-594. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.55.4.584
  • Comrey, A. L. (2013). A first course in factor analysis (2nd edition). New York: Psychology Press.
  • Cook, D. A., & Beckman, T. J. (2006). Current concepts in validity and reliability for psychometric instruments: theory and application. American Journal of Medicine, 119(2), 166.e7-166.e16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.10.036
  • Danayiyen, A., & Bekaroglu, S. B. (2019). Hastanelerde yüksek performansli iş sistemleri ölçeğinin geçerlilik ve güvenirlik (pilot) çalışması. In 3. International 21. National Public Health Congress.
  • Davis, L. L. (1992). Instrument review: getting the most from a panel of experts. Applied Nursing Research, 5(4), 194-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0897-1897(05)80008-4
  • Delery, J. E., & Doty, D. (1996). Modes of theorizing in strategic human resource management: test of universalistic, contingency and configurational performance predictions. Academy of Management Journal, 39(4), 802-835. https://doi.org/10.2307/256713
  • Erkuş, A. (2019). Psikolojide ölçme ve ölçek geliştirme-I: Temel kavramlar ve işlemler. Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık.
  • Etchegaray, J. M., St. John, C., & Thomas, E. J. (2011). Measures and measurement of high-performance work systems in health care settings: propositions for improvement. Health Care Management Review, 36(1), 38-46. https://doi.org/10.1097/HMR.0b013e3181f685a4
  • Etchegaray, J. M., & Thomas, E. J. (2015). Engaging employees: the importance of high-performance work systems for patient safety. Journal of Patient Safety, 11(4), 221-227. https://doi.org/10.1097/PTS.0000000000000076
  • Garman, A. N., McAlearney, A. S., Harrison, M. I., Song, P. H., & McHugh, M. (2011). High-performance work systems in health care management, part 1: development of an evidence-informed model. Health Care Management Review, 36(3), 201-213. https://doi.org/10.1097/HMR.0b013e318201d1bf
  • Gkorezis, P., Georgiou, L., & Theodorou, M. (2018). High-performance work practices and nurses’ intention to leave: the mediating role of organizational cynicism and the moderating role of human resource management-related educational background. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 29(3). 465-484. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2016.1255906
  • Gürsakal, N. (2001). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri. Bursa: Uludağ Üni. Güçlendirme Vakfı.
  • Harley, B., Allen, B. C., & Sargent, L. D. (2007). High performance work systems and employee experience of work in the service sector: the case of aged care. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 45(3), 607-633. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8543.2007.00630.x
  • Hong, Y., Jiang, Y., Liao, H., & Sturman, M. C. (2017). High performance work systems for service quality: boundary conditions and influence processes. Human Resource Management, 56(5), 747-767. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.21801
  • Huselid, M. A. (1995). The impact of human resource management practices on turnover, productivity, and corporate financial performance. Academy of Management Journal, 38(3), 635-672. https://doi.org/10.5465/256741
  • Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbom, D. (1984). LISREL-VI user’s guide. Scientific Software.
  • Karagöz, Y. (2019). SPSS-AMOS-META uygulamalı istatistiksel analiz. Ankara: Atlas Akademik Basın Yayım Dağ. Ltd.Şti.
  • Kellner, A., Townsend, K., & Wilkinson, A. (2017). The mission or the margin? A high-performance work system in a non-profit organisation. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 28(14), 1938-1959. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2015.1129636
  • Kloutsiniotis, P. V., & Mihail, D. M. (2017). Linking innovative human resource practices, employee attitudes and intention to leave in healthcare services. Employee Relations, 39(1), 34-53. https://doi.org/10.1108/ER-11-2015-0205
  • Laschinger, H. K. S., Finegan, J. E., Shamian, J., & Wilk, P. (2004). A longitudinal analysis of the impact of workplace empowerment on work satisfaction. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 25(4), 527-545. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.256
  • Lengnick-Hall, M. L., Lengnick-Hall, C. A., Andrade, L. S., & Drake, B. (2009). Strategic human resource management: the evolution of the field. Human Resource Management Review, 19(2), 64-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2009.01.002
  • Mayer, R. C., & Davis, J. H. (1999). The effect of the performance appraisal system on trust for management: a field quasi-experiment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84(1), 123-136. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.84.1.123
  • McAlearney, A. S., Garman, A. N., Song, P. H., McHugh, M., Robbins, J., & Harrison, M. I. (2011). High-performance work systems in health care management, part 2: Qualitative evidence from five case studies. Health Care Management Review, 36(3), 214-226. https://doi.org/10.1097/HMR.0b013e3182100dc4
  • McAlearney, A. S., Hefner, J., Robbins, J., & Garman, A. N. (2016). Toward a high-performance management system in health care, part 4. Health Care Management Review, 41(3), 233-243. https://doi.org/10.1097/HMR.0000000000000067
  • Mielke, J., De Geest, S., Beckmann, S., Leppla, L., Luta, X., Guerbaai, R. A., & Schwendimann, R. (2019). The German version of the high-performance work systems questionnaire (HPWS-G) in the context of patient safety: a validation study in a Swiss university hospital. BMC Health Services Research, 19(1), 356. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-019-4189-8
  • Mihail, D. M., & V. Kloutsiniotis, P. (2016). Modeling patient care quality: an empirical high-performance work system approach. Personnel Review, 45(6), 1176-1199. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-03-2015-0068
  • Özçelik, G., Aybas, M., & Uyargil, C. (2016). High performance work systems and organizational values: resource-based view considerations. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 235(October), 332-341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.11.040
  • Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V. A., & Berry, L. L. (1988). SERVQUAL: a multiple-item scale for measuring consumer perception of services quality. Journal of Retailing, 64(1), 12-40.
  • Pfeffer, J. (1995). Producing sustainable competitive advantage through the effective management of people. Academy of Management Perspectives, 9(1), 55-69. https://doi.org/10.5465/ame.2005.19417910
  • Posthuma, R. A., Campion, M. C., Masimova, M., & Campion, M. A. (2013). A high-performance work practices taxonomy: integrating the literature and directing future research. Journal of Management, 39(5), 1184-1220. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206313478184
  • Robbins, J., & McAlearney, A. S. (2018). Toward a high-performance management system in health care, part 5. Health Care Management Review, 45(4), 1. https://doi.org/10.1097/hmr.0000000000000228
  • Ross, S. C., & Koys, D. J. (2011). High-Involvement management: participative strategies for improving organizational performance. Academy of Management Review, 12(3), 567-570. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1987.4306574
  • Şencan, H. (2005). Sosyal ve davranışsal ölçümlerde güvenilirlik ve geçerlilik. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Slavec, A., & Drnovsek, M. (2013). Affectivity, openness, and self-efficacy: linking entrepreneur’s personality to innovation. Academy of Management Proceedings, 2013(1), 13750). Briarcliff Manor, NY 10510: Academy of Management.
  • Spence Laschinger, H. K., Finegan, J., Shamian, J., & Wilk, P. (2001). Impact of structural and psychological empowerment on job strain in nursing work settings. Journal of Nursing Administration, 31(5), 260-272. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005110-200105000-00006
  • Spreitzer, G. M. (1995). Psychological empowerment in the workplace: dimensions, measurement, and validation. Academy of Management Journal, 38(5), 1442-1465. https://doi.org/10.5465/256865
  • Sürgevil, O., Tolay, E., & Topoyan, M. (2013). Yapısal güçlendirme ve psikolojik güçlendirme ölçeklerinin geçerlilik ve güvenirlilik analizleri. Journal of Yasar University, 8(31), 5371-5391. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13398-014-0173-7.2
  • Van De Voorde, K., Paauwe, J., & Van Veldhoven, M. (2010). Predicting business unit performance using employee surveys: monitoring HRM-related changes. Human Resource Management Journal, 20(1), 44-63. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-8583.2009.00114.x
  • Villajos, E., Tordera, N., & Peiró, J. M. (2018). Refinement and validation of a comprehensive scale for measuring HR practices aimed at performance-enhancement and employee-support. European Management Journal, 37(3), 387-397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2018.10.003
  • Wang, Z., Xing, L., & Zhang, Y. (2019). Do high-performance work systems harm employees’ health? An investigation of service oriented HPWS in the Chinese healthcare sector. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 1-34. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2019.1579254
  • West, M. A., Borrill, C., Dawson, J., Scully, J., Carter, M., Anelay, S., & Waring, J. (2002). The link between the management of employees and patient mortality in acute hospitals. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 13(8), 1299-1310. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585190210156521
  • Zacharatos, A., Barling, J., & Iverson, R. D. (2005). High-performance work systems and occupational safety. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(1), 77-93. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.90.1.77

Year 2020, , 128 - 138, 30.09.2020

Aysun Danayiyen S. Burak Bekaroglu

https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2020.1276

Abstract

References

  • Ang, S. H., Bartram, T., McNeil, N., Leggat, S. G., & Stanton, P. (2013). The effects of high-performance work systems on hospital employees’ work attitudes and intention to leave: a multi-level and occupational group analysis. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24(16), 3086-3114. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2013.775029
  • Arthur, J. B. (1994). Effects of human resource systems on manufacturing performance and turnover. Academy of Management Journal, 37(3), 670-687. https://doi.org/10.5465/256705
  • Becker, B. E., & Huselid, M. A. (1998). High performance work systems and firm performance: a synthesis of research and managerial implications. Research in Personnel and Human Resource Management, 53-102. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp001392z
  • Becker, B., & Gerhart, B. (1996). The impact of human resource management on organizational performance: progress and prospects. Academy of Management Journal, 39(4), 779-801. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/256712
  • Brislin, R. W. (1986). The wording and translation of research instruments. In: Lonner, W. J., & Berry, J. W. (Ed.), Field methods in cross-cultural research (ss. 137-164). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
  • Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: basic concepts, applications, and programming (2nd edition). New York.: Routledge.
  • Cohen, R. J., & Swerdlik, M. E. (2018). Psychological testing and assessment: an introduction to tests and measurement (9th edition). The McGraw−Hill Companies. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0222-1_8
  • Cole, D. A. (1987). Utility of confirmatory factor analysis in test validation research. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55(4), 584-594. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.55.4.584
  • Comrey, A. L. (2013). A first course in factor analysis (2nd edition). New York: Psychology Press.
  • Cook, D. A., & Beckman, T. J. (2006). Current concepts in validity and reliability for psychometric instruments: theory and application. American Journal of Medicine, 119(2), 166.e7-166.e16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.10.036
  • Danayiyen, A., & Bekaroglu, S. B. (2019). Hastanelerde yüksek performansli iş sistemleri ölçeğinin geçerlilik ve güvenirlik (pilot) çalışması. In 3. International 21. National Public Health Congress.
  • Davis, L. L. (1992). Instrument review: getting the most from a panel of experts. Applied Nursing Research, 5(4), 194-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0897-1897(05)80008-4
  • Delery, J. E., & Doty, D. (1996). Modes of theorizing in strategic human resource management: test of universalistic, contingency and configurational performance predictions. Academy of Management Journal, 39(4), 802-835. https://doi.org/10.2307/256713
  • Erkuş, A. (2019). Psikolojide ölçme ve ölçek geliştirme-I: Temel kavramlar ve işlemler. Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık.
  • Etchegaray, J. M., St. John, C., & Thomas, E. J. (2011). Measures and measurement of high-performance work systems in health care settings: propositions for improvement. Health Care Management Review, 36(1), 38-46. https://doi.org/10.1097/HMR.0b013e3181f685a4
  • Etchegaray, J. M., & Thomas, E. J. (2015). Engaging employees: the importance of high-performance work systems for patient safety. Journal of Patient Safety, 11(4), 221-227. https://doi.org/10.1097/PTS.0000000000000076
  • Garman, A. N., McAlearney, A. S., Harrison, M. I., Song, P. H., & McHugh, M. (2011). High-performance work systems in health care management, part 1: development of an evidence-informed model. Health Care Management Review, 36(3), 201-213. https://doi.org/10.1097/HMR.0b013e318201d1bf
  • Gkorezis, P., Georgiou, L., & Theodorou, M. (2018). High-performance work practices and nurses’ intention to leave: the mediating role of organizational cynicism and the moderating role of human resource management-related educational background. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 29(3). 465-484. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2016.1255906
  • Gürsakal, N. (2001). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri. Bursa: Uludağ Üni. Güçlendirme Vakfı.
  • Harley, B., Allen, B. C., & Sargent, L. D. (2007). High performance work systems and employee experience of work in the service sector: the case of aged care. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 45(3), 607-633. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8543.2007.00630.x
  • Hong, Y., Jiang, Y., Liao, H., & Sturman, M. C. (2017). High performance work systems for service quality: boundary conditions and influence processes. Human Resource Management, 56(5), 747-767. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.21801
  • Huselid, M. A. (1995). The impact of human resource management practices on turnover, productivity, and corporate financial performance. Academy of Management Journal, 38(3), 635-672. https://doi.org/10.5465/256741
  • Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbom, D. (1984). LISREL-VI user’s guide. Scientific Software.
  • Karagöz, Y. (2019). SPSS-AMOS-META uygulamalı istatistiksel analiz. Ankara: Atlas Akademik Basın Yayım Dağ. Ltd.Şti.
  • Kellner, A., Townsend, K., & Wilkinson, A. (2017). The mission or the margin? A high-performance work system in a non-profit organisation. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 28(14), 1938-1959. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2015.1129636
  • Kloutsiniotis, P. V., & Mihail, D. M. (2017). Linking innovative human resource practices, employee attitudes and intention to leave in healthcare services. Employee Relations, 39(1), 34-53. https://doi.org/10.1108/ER-11-2015-0205
  • Laschinger, H. K. S., Finegan, J. E., Shamian, J., & Wilk, P. (2004). A longitudinal analysis of the impact of workplace empowerment on work satisfaction. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 25(4), 527-545. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.256
  • Lengnick-Hall, M. L., Lengnick-Hall, C. A., Andrade, L. S., & Drake, B. (2009). Strategic human resource management: the evolution of the field. Human Resource Management Review, 19(2), 64-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2009.01.002
  • Mayer, R. C., & Davis, J. H. (1999). The effect of the performance appraisal system on trust for management: a field quasi-experiment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84(1), 123-136. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.84.1.123
  • McAlearney, A. S., Garman, A. N., Song, P. H., McHugh, M., Robbins, J., & Harrison, M. I. (2011). High-performance work systems in health care management, part 2: Qualitative evidence from five case studies. Health Care Management Review, 36(3), 214-226. https://doi.org/10.1097/HMR.0b013e3182100dc4
  • McAlearney, A. S., Hefner, J., Robbins, J., & Garman, A. N. (2016). Toward a high-performance management system in health care, part 4. Health Care Management Review, 41(3), 233-243. https://doi.org/10.1097/HMR.0000000000000067
  • Mielke, J., De Geest, S., Beckmann, S., Leppla, L., Luta, X., Guerbaai, R. A., & Schwendimann, R. (2019). The German version of the high-performance work systems questionnaire (HPWS-G) in the context of patient safety: a validation study in a Swiss university hospital. BMC Health Services Research, 19(1), 356. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-019-4189-8
  • Mihail, D. M., & V. Kloutsiniotis, P. (2016). Modeling patient care quality: an empirical high-performance work system approach. Personnel Review, 45(6), 1176-1199. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-03-2015-0068
  • Özçelik, G., Aybas, M., & Uyargil, C. (2016). High performance work systems and organizational values: resource-based view considerations. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 235(October), 332-341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.11.040
  • Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V. A., & Berry, L. L. (1988). SERVQUAL: a multiple-item scale for measuring consumer perception of services quality. Journal of Retailing, 64(1), 12-40.
  • Pfeffer, J. (1995). Producing sustainable competitive advantage through the effective management of people. Academy of Management Perspectives, 9(1), 55-69. https://doi.org/10.5465/ame.2005.19417910
  • Posthuma, R. A., Campion, M. C., Masimova, M., & Campion, M. A. (2013). A high-performance work practices taxonomy: integrating the literature and directing future research. Journal of Management, 39(5), 1184-1220. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206313478184
  • Robbins, J., & McAlearney, A. S. (2018). Toward a high-performance management system in health care, part 5. Health Care Management Review, 45(4), 1. https://doi.org/10.1097/hmr.0000000000000228
  • Ross, S. C., & Koys, D. J. (2011). High-Involvement management: participative strategies for improving organizational performance. Academy of Management Review, 12(3), 567-570. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1987.4306574
  • Şencan, H. (2005). Sosyal ve davranışsal ölçümlerde güvenilirlik ve geçerlilik. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Slavec, A., & Drnovsek, M. (2013). Affectivity, openness, and self-efficacy: linking entrepreneur’s personality to innovation. Academy of Management Proceedings, 2013(1), 13750). Briarcliff Manor, NY 10510: Academy of Management.
  • Spence Laschinger, H. K., Finegan, J., Shamian, J., & Wilk, P. (2001). Impact of structural and psychological empowerment on job strain in nursing work settings. Journal of Nursing Administration, 31(5), 260-272. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005110-200105000-00006
  • Spreitzer, G. M. (1995). Psychological empowerment in the workplace: dimensions, measurement, and validation. Academy of Management Journal, 38(5), 1442-1465. https://doi.org/10.5465/256865
  • Sürgevil, O., Tolay, E., & Topoyan, M. (2013). Yapısal güçlendirme ve psikolojik güçlendirme ölçeklerinin geçerlilik ve güvenirlilik analizleri. Journal of Yasar University, 8(31), 5371-5391. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13398-014-0173-7.2
  • Van De Voorde, K., Paauwe, J., & Van Veldhoven, M. (2010). Predicting business unit performance using employee surveys: monitoring HRM-related changes. Human Resource Management Journal, 20(1), 44-63. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-8583.2009.00114.x
  • Villajos, E., Tordera, N., & Peiró, J. M. (2018). Refinement and validation of a comprehensive scale for measuring HR practices aimed at performance-enhancement and employee-support. European Management Journal, 37(3), 387-397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2018.10.003
  • Wang, Z., Xing, L., & Zhang, Y. (2019). Do high-performance work systems harm employees’ health? An investigation of service oriented HPWS in the Chinese healthcare sector. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 1-34. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2019.1579254
  • West, M. A., Borrill, C., Dawson, J., Scully, J., Carter, M., Anelay, S., & Waring, J. (2002). The link between the management of employees and patient mortality in acute hospitals. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 13(8), 1299-1310. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585190210156521
  • Zacharatos, A., Barling, J., & Iverson, R. D. (2005). High-performance work systems and occupational safety. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(1), 77-93. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.90.1.77
There are 49 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Business Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Aysun Danayiyen This is me 0000-0002-4782-5697

S. Burak Bekaroglu This is me 0000-0002-0799-367X

Publication Date September 30, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020

Cite

APA Danayiyen, A., & Bekaroglu, S. B. (2020). DEVELOPMENT OF THE HIGH-PERFORMANCE WORK SYSTEMS SCALE FOR HOSPITALS: VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY. Research Journal of Business and Management, 7(3), 128-138. https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2020.1276
AMA Danayiyen A, Bekaroglu SB. DEVELOPMENT OF THE HIGH-PERFORMANCE WORK SYSTEMS SCALE FOR HOSPITALS: VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY. RJBM. September 2020;7(3):128-138. doi:10.17261/Pressacademia.2020.1276
Chicago Danayiyen, Aysun, and S. Burak Bekaroglu. “DEVELOPMENT OF THE HIGH-PERFORMANCE WORK SYSTEMS SCALE FOR HOSPITALS: VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY”. Research Journal of Business and Management 7, no. 3 (September 2020): 128-38. https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2020.1276.
EndNote Danayiyen A, Bekaroglu SB (September 1, 2020) DEVELOPMENT OF THE HIGH-PERFORMANCE WORK SYSTEMS SCALE FOR HOSPITALS: VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY. Research Journal of Business and Management 7 3 128–138.
IEEE A. Danayiyen and S. B. Bekaroglu, “DEVELOPMENT OF THE HIGH-PERFORMANCE WORK SYSTEMS SCALE FOR HOSPITALS: VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY”, RJBM, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 128–138, 2020, doi: 10.17261/Pressacademia.2020.1276.
ISNAD Danayiyen, Aysun - Bekaroglu, S. Burak. “DEVELOPMENT OF THE HIGH-PERFORMANCE WORK SYSTEMS SCALE FOR HOSPITALS: VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY”. Research Journal of Business and Management 7/3 (September 2020), 128-138. https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2020.1276.
JAMA Danayiyen A, Bekaroglu SB. DEVELOPMENT OF THE HIGH-PERFORMANCE WORK SYSTEMS SCALE FOR HOSPITALS: VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY. RJBM. 2020;7:128–138.
MLA Danayiyen, Aysun and S. Burak Bekaroglu. “DEVELOPMENT OF THE HIGH-PERFORMANCE WORK SYSTEMS SCALE FOR HOSPITALS: VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY”. Research Journal of Business and Management, vol. 7, no. 3, 2020, pp. 128-3, doi:10.17261/Pressacademia.2020.1276.
Vancouver Danayiyen A, Bekaroglu SB. DEVELOPMENT OF THE HIGH-PERFORMANCE WORK SYSTEMS SCALE FOR HOSPITALS: VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY. RJBM. 2020;7(3):128-3.

Research Journal of Business and Management (RJBM) is a scientific, academic, double blind peer-reviewed, quarterly and open-access online journal. The journal publishes four issues a year. The issuing months are March, June, September and December. The publication languages of the Journal are English and Turkish. RJBM aims to provide a research source for all practitioners, policy makers, professionals and researchers working in all related areas of business, management and organizations. The editor in chief of RJBM invites all manuscripts that cover theoretical and/or applied researches on topics related to the interest areas of the Journal. RJBM publishes academic research studies only. RJBM charges no submission or publication fee.

Ethics Policy - RJBM applies the standards of Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). RJBM is committed to the academic community ensuring ethics and quality of manuscripts in publications. Plagiarism is strictly forbidden and the manuscripts found to be plagiarized will not be accepted or if published will be removed from the publication. Authors must certify that their manuscripts are their original work. Plagiarism, duplicate, data fabrication and redundant publications are forbidden. The manuscripts are subject to plagiarism check by iThenticate or similar. All manuscript submissions must provide a similarity report (up to 15% excluding quotes, bibliography, abstract, method).

Open Access - All research articles published in PressAcademia Journals are fully open access; immediately freely available to read, download and share. Articles are published under the terms of a Creative Commons license which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Open access is a property of individual works, not necessarily journals or publishers. Community standards, rather than copyright law, will continue to provide the mechanism for enforcement of proper attribution and responsible use of the published work, as they do now.