Deconstruction of the dualism of femininity and masculinity: a study in the autobiographical novel “A Doctor’s Diary”

Year 2020, Issue: 19, 752 - 764, 21.06.2020

Malek Hassan Mahmoud Abdul Qader

https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.752804

Abstract

This study aspires to study an applied model for the mechanism of deconstruction of the dualism of femininity and masculinity by studying the Diaries of the Egyptian writer Nawal As- Saadawi that was published under the title of “A Doctor's Diary”. This study tackled the philosophy of deconstruction of the metaphysical binaries in the western philosophy that was presented by the French philosopher Jacques Derrida. One side of the binary what would be the central and the original while the other side would be marginal and secondary. This mechanism can be put into three stages. First, the residence in these binaries in which one can't think outside these binaries that are meant to be deconstructed. Second, the reversing of the centralism in these binaries to make what is central marginal and what is original secondary. Third, providing neutral alternative for the hierarchy system of the binaries. Also, this study aimed at analyzing the model that was represented by As- Saadawi in her autobiography “a Doctor's Diary” by using the analytical approach. This study has reached the conclusion that the model that was represented in these Diaries is basically established on the deconstruction of the traditional concepts of femininity and masculinity in which that masculinity is a center that represents the mind and the thoughts while femininity is a margin represents the body and the emotions. The heroine of the Diaries finds herself in a chaos of centralism and reversing of the centralism within these binaries until she provides at the end a new system of alternatives for a pure masculinity and femininity relationship away from the struggle and the violent hierarchy.

Keywords

Feminism, feminist literature, deconstructionism, Nawal As- Saadawi, autobiography

تفكيك ثنائية الذكورة والأنوثة: دراسة في رواية السيرة الذاتية "مذكرات طبيبة

Abstract

تهدف هذه الورقة البحثية إلى دراسة نموذج تطبيقي لآلية تفكيك ثنائية الذكورة والأنوثة من خلال دراسة مذكرات الكاتبة المصرية نوال السعداوي المنشورة تحت عنوان "مذكرات طبيبة". وتقف هذه الدراسة على فلسفة التفكيك للثنائيات الميتافيزيقية في الفلسفة الغربية التي عرضها الفيلسوف الفرنسي جاك دريدا Jacques Derrida حيث يمثل أحد طرفي الثنائية ما هو أصلي ومركزي، بينما يمثل الطرف الآخر ما هو فرعي وهامشي. وتتمثل هذه الآلية في ثلاث مراحل: أولا: الإقامة داخل هذه الثنائيات؛ إذ لا يمكن التفكير خارج هذه الثنائيات المراد تفكيكها. ثانيا: قلب التمركز في هذه الثنائيات فيصبح ما هو أصل فرعا وما هو فرع أصلا. ثالثا: تقديم بديل محايد لنظام الثنائية التراتبية. وقد عملت هذه الورقة البحثية على تحليل النموذج الذي تقدمه نوال السعداوي في كتاب السيرة الذاتية "مذكرات طبيبة" باستخدام المنهج التحليليّ، وخَلُصت إلى أن النموذج المقدم في هذه المذكرات يقوم بصورة أساسية على تفكيك مفهوميّ الذكورة والأنوثة التقليديين؛ الذكورة باعتبارها مركزا يمثل العقل والفكر، والأنوثة باعتبارها هامشا يمثل العاطفة والجسد. إذ تدخل بطلة المذكرات في دوامة من التمركزات وقلب التمركزات ضمن هذه الثنائيات إلى أن تقدم في النهاية نظام بدائل جديداً لعلاقة الذكورة بالأنوثة نقيّا من فكرة الصراع والتراتب العنيف.

Keywords

النسوية, الأدب النسوي, التفكيكية، نوال السعداوي, السيرة الذاتية

Eril ve dişil dualizminin yapısökümü: “Bir Kadın Doktorun Notları” isimli otobiyografı üzerine bir çalışma

Abstract

Bu makale, Mısırlı yazar Nawal Al-Saadawi'nin notlarının incelenerek, "Bir Kadın Doktorun Notları" başlığı altında yayınlanan, eril ve dişil dualizminde yapısöküm mekanizmasının uygulamalı bir modelini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu çalışma, Fransız filozof Jacques Derrida tarafından ortaya atılan Batı felsefesinde, metafizik dualizmin yapısökümü üzerinde durmaktadır. Dualizmin bir tarafı orijinal ve merkezi olanı temsil ederken, diğer tarafı alt ve marjinal olanı temsil eder. Bu mekanizma üç aşamada temsil edilir: Birincisi: bu dualizmlerin içinde kalmaktır. Çünkü bu dualizmin dışında kalınması düşünülememekle birlikte istenilen şey yapısökümünün olmasıdır. İkincisi: Bu dualizmlerin merkezlerinin tersine çevrilmesi, fer‘in asıl olması; asılın da fer‘ olmasıdır. Üçüncüsü: Nötr bir dualizm sisteminin önerilmesi. Bu araştırma, Nawal Al-Saadawi'nin otobiyografisi olan "Bir Kadın Doktorun Notları" adlı kitabında sunulan modeli, analitik yöntem kullanarak analiz eteye çalışmaktadır. Bu notlarda sunulan modelin, geleneksel olarak erillik ve dişillik kavramlarının yapısökümüne dayandığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Merkezde erillik, akletmeyi ve düşünmeyi temsil eder, bir marjinal bir ifade olarak dişillik ise duygu ve bedeni temsil eder. Bu notların ana karakteri bu yapısökümü stratejisini uygulamakta; erillik ve dişillik açıasından yeni nötr bir dualizm alternatfini sunmaktadır.

Keywords

Feminizm, feminist edebiyat, yapısöküm, Nawal As- Saadawi, otobiyografi

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