Cultural Sensitivity and Mindfulness Among Nursing Students: A Descriptive and Correlational Study
Year 2024,
Volume: 14 Issue: 3, 435 - 441, 19.09.2024
Funda Aslan
,
Nilay Ercan Şahin
Abstract
Aim: This study was conducted to determine nursing students’ levels of mindfulness and cultural sensitivity and to reveal the correlation between mindfulness and cultural sensitivity.
Material and Methods: Descriptive and correlational research method was used. Data were collected online from nursing students at a state university in Ankara between December 5, 2022, and January 5, 2023. The online survey comprised three sections: student information form, Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire—Short Form, and Intercultural Sensitivity Scale. The questionnaire was sent to the students through email. The final sample consisted of 318 students who agreed to participate in the study and filled out the questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS v.23 for Windows.
Results: The mean total scores for the Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire—Short Form and the Intercultural Sensitivity Scale were 66.41 ± 6.58 and 93.08 ± 7.01, respectively. Additonally, statistical analyses revealed a moderately significant positive correlation between mindfulness and intercultural sensitivity among nursing students.
Conclusion: The study findings and the reviewed literature indicate that if nursing faculties and educators wish to develop strategies to promote cultural sensitivity, it would be beneficial to integrate mindfulness training into the nursing curriculum both before and after graduation.
Ethical Statement
This study received approval from the Ethics Review Board of Çankırı Karatekin University (Approval No: 2109092021), and all participants provided written permission.
Thanks
We would like to express our sincere gratitude to all the participants who generously contributed their time and cooperation to this study.
References
- Barker GG. Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Intercultural Communication Competence. J Intercult Commun Res. 2016; 45(1): 13-30. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17475759.2015.1104376
- Shepherd SM, Willis-Esqueda C, Newton D, Sivasubramaniam D, Paradies Y. The challenge of cultural competence in the workplace: Perspectives of healthcare providers. BMC Health Serv Res. 2019; 19(1): 1-11. https://link.springer.com/articles/10.1186/s12913-019-3959-7
- Chang HY, Yang YM, Kuo YL. Cultural sensitivity and related factors among community health nurses. J Nurs Res. 2013; 21(1): 67-73. https://journals.lww.com/jnr-twna/FullText/2013/03000/Cultural_Sensitivity_and_Related_Factors_Among.10.aspx
- Whaley AL. Cultural sensitivity and cultural competence: Toward clarity of definitions in cross-cultural counselling and psychotherapy. Couns Psychol Q. 2008; 21(3): 215-22. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09515070802334781
- Peters ME. Crossroads: Comparative immigration regimes in a world of demographic change. J Comp Policy Anal Res Pract. 2019; 21(2): 217-8.
- Borrego E, Johnson RGG. Cultural competence for public managers: managing diversity in today’s world. Cult Competence Public Manag Manag Divers Today’s World. 2017; 1-394. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781315095219/cultural-competence-public-managers-espiridion-borrego-richard-greggory-johnson
- Wang Y, Hao F, Liu Y. Pro-environmental behavior in an aging world: Evidence from 31 countries. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021; 18(4): 1-13. https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/4/1748/htm
- Savoia E, Stoto MA, Biddinger PD, Campbell P, Viswanath K, Koh H. Risk-communication capability for public health emergencies varies by community diversity. BMC Res Notes. 2008; 1(1): 1-4. https://link.springer.com/articles/10.1186/1756-0500-1-6
- Eliason M, Chinn P. LGBTQ cultures: What health care professionals need to know about sexual and gender diversity. Advances in Nursing Science. 2010; 33(3): 206-18.
- Oh W-O. Factors influencing cultural sensitivity among nursing students. J Korean Acad Child Heal Nurs. 2011; 17(4): 222-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4094/jkachn.2011.17.4.222
- Teper R, Segal Z V., Inzlicht M. Inside the mindful mind: how mindfulness enhances emotion regulation through ımprovements in executive control. Curr Dir Psychol Sci. 2013; 22(6): 449-54.
- Fulton CL. Mindful awareness and compassion, and empathy and anxiety in counselor trainees. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. 2012; Available from: https://search.proquest.com/openview/69a0bba843a0f39b1e880fa4a670991e/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750
- Baer RA, Smith GT, Lykins E, Button D, Krietemeyer J, Sauer S, et al. Construct validity of the five facet mindfulness questionnaire in meditating and nonmeditating samples. Assessment. 2008; 15(3): 329-42. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1073191107313003
- Ivers NN, Johnson DA, Clarke PB, Newsome DW, Berry RA. The relationship between mindfulness and multicultural counseling competence. J Couns Dev. 2016; 94(1): 72-82. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jcad.12063
- Ivers NN, Johnson DA. The relationship between mindfulness and multicultural counseling competence among mental health practitioners. J Humanist Couns. 2022; Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/johc.12170
- Guillaumie L, Boiral O, Champagne J. A mixed-methods systematic review of the effects of mindfulness on nurses. J Adv Nurs. 2017; 73(5): 1017-34. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jan.13176
- Arthur D, Dizon D, Jooste K, Li Z, Salvador M, Yao X. Mindfulness in nursing students: The five facet mindfulness questionnaire in samples of nursing students in China, the Philippines, and South Africa. Int J Ment Health Nurs. 2018; 27(3): 975-86.
- Ayalp H. Beş faktörlü bilgece farkındalık ölçeği-kısa formu’nun (BFBFÖ-K) türkçe uyarlaması. Klin Psikol Derg. 2018; 2(3): 117-27.
- Chen G-M, Starosta WJ. The development and validation of the Intercultural Sensitivity Scale. 2000; 3: 1-15. Available from: https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED447525
- Bulduk S, Tosun H, Ardıç E. Türkçe kültürler arası duyarlılık ölçeğinin hemşirelik öğrencilerinde ölçümsel özellikleri. Türkiye Klinkleri J Med Ethics. 2011; 19(1): 25-31.
- Kılıç SP, Sevinç S. The relationship between cultural sensitivity and assertiveness in nursing students from Turkey. J Transcult Nurs. 2018; 29(4): 379-86. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1043659617716518
- Claeys A, Berdai-Chaouni S, Tricas-Sauras S, De Donder L. Culturally sensitive care: definitions, perceptions, and practices of health care professionals. J Transcult Nurs. 2021; 32(5): 484–92. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1043659620970625
- Campbell A, Vance SR, Dong S. Examining the relationship between mindfulness and multicultural counseling competencies in counselor trainees. Mindfulness. 2018; 9(1): 79-87. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12671-017-0746-6
- Bilgiç Ş, Şahin İ. Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin kültürlerarası duyarlılık ve etnik merkezcilik düzeyleri. SDÜ Sağlık Bilim Derg. 2019; 10(3): 230-6. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/sdusbed/issue/48870/502408
- Göl İ, Erkin Ö. Association between cultural intelligence and cultural sensitivity in nursing students: A cross-sectional descriptive study. Collegian. 2019; 26(4): 485-91. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1322769618303238
- Yilmaz M, Toksoy S, Direk ZD, Bezirgan S, Boylu M. Cultural sensitivity among clinical nurses: a descriptive study. J Nurs Scholarsh an Off Publ Sigma Theta Tau Int Honor Soc Nurs. 2017; 49(2): 153-61. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28099787/
- Dikmen Y, Aksakal K, Yılmaz DK. An investigation of cultural sensitivity of nurses in foreign patient care : A descriptive study in Turkey. Int J Heal Sci Res. 2022; 6: 254–61.
- Azak A. Determination the level of mindfulness of nursing students. J Educ Res Nurs. 2018; 15(3): 170-6.
- Dai X, Chen G-M, editors. On ınterculturality and ıntercultural communication competence. In: China Media Research. Cambridge Scholars Publishing; 2015; 100-13.
- Sanko J, Mckay M, Rogers S. Exploring the impact of mindfulness meditation training in pre-licensure and post graduate nurses. Nurse Educ Today. 2016; 1 (45): 142–7.
- Zeller JM, Program Director G, Janice Zeller by M, Levin PF. Mindfulness ınterventions to reduce stress among nursing personnel. Workplace Health Saf. 2013; 61(2): 85-9.
- Malpass A, Binnie K, Robson L. Medical Students’ experience of mindfulness training in the UK: well-being, coping reserve, and professional development. Educ Res Int. 2019. https://www.hindawi.com/journals/edri/2019/4021729/
- Ludwig DS, Kabat-Zinn J. Mindfulness in medicine., JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association. 2008; 300: 1350-2. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/182551
- Krasner MS, Epstein RM, Beckman H, Suchman AL, Chapman B, Mooney CJ, et al. Association of an educational program in mindful communication with burnout, empathy, and attitudes among primary care physicians. JAMA. 2009; 302(12): 1284-93. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/184621
Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinde Kültürel Duyarlılık ve Bilinçli Farkındalık: Tanımlayıcı ve İlişkisel Bir Çalışma
Year 2024,
Volume: 14 Issue: 3, 435 - 441, 19.09.2024
Funda Aslan
,
Nilay Ercan Şahin
Abstract
Amaç: Bu çalışma, hemşirelik öğrencilerinin bilinçli farkındalık ve kültürel duyarlılık düzeylerini belirlemek ve bilinçli farkındalık ile kültürel duyarlılık arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koymak amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Betimsel ve ilişkisel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Veriler, Ankara’da bir devlet üniversitesindeki hemşirelik öğrencilerinden 5 Aralık 2022 - 5 Ocak 2023 tarihleri arasında online olarak toplanmıştır. Çevrimiçi anket Öğrenci Bilgi Formu, Beş Yönlü Farkındalık Anketi - Kısa Form ve Kültürlerarası Duyarlılık Ölçeği üç bölümden oluşmuştur. Anket öğrencilere e-posta yoluyla gönderildi. Örneklem, katılmayı kabul eden ve anketi tamamlayan 318 öğrenciden oluşmuştur. Veriler IBM SPSS v.23 for Windows kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Beş Yönlü Farkındalık Anketi - Kısa Form ve Kültürlerarası Duyarlılık Ölçeği için ortalama toplam puanlar sırasıyla 66,41 ± 6,58 ve 93,08 ± 7,01 idi. İstatistiksel analizler, hemşirelik öğrencileri arasında farkındalık ve kültürlerarası duyarlılık arasında orta derecede anlamlı pozitif bir ilişki olduğunu ortaya koymuştur.
Sonuç: Çalışma bulguları ve incelenen literatür, hemşirelik fakülteleri ve eğitimcilerinin kültürel duyarlılığı teşvik etmek için stratejiler geliştirmek istemeleri durumunda, mezuniyet öncesi ve sonrası hemşirelik müfredatına farkındalık eğitimini entegre etmelerinin yararlı olacağını göstermektedir.
Ethical Statement
This study received approval from the Ethics Review Board of Çankırı Karatekin University (Approval No: 2109092021), and all participants provided written permission.
References
- Barker GG. Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Intercultural Communication Competence. J Intercult Commun Res. 2016; 45(1): 13-30. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17475759.2015.1104376
- Shepherd SM, Willis-Esqueda C, Newton D, Sivasubramaniam D, Paradies Y. The challenge of cultural competence in the workplace: Perspectives of healthcare providers. BMC Health Serv Res. 2019; 19(1): 1-11. https://link.springer.com/articles/10.1186/s12913-019-3959-7
- Chang HY, Yang YM, Kuo YL. Cultural sensitivity and related factors among community health nurses. J Nurs Res. 2013; 21(1): 67-73. https://journals.lww.com/jnr-twna/FullText/2013/03000/Cultural_Sensitivity_and_Related_Factors_Among.10.aspx
- Whaley AL. Cultural sensitivity and cultural competence: Toward clarity of definitions in cross-cultural counselling and psychotherapy. Couns Psychol Q. 2008; 21(3): 215-22. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09515070802334781
- Peters ME. Crossroads: Comparative immigration regimes in a world of demographic change. J Comp Policy Anal Res Pract. 2019; 21(2): 217-8.
- Borrego E, Johnson RGG. Cultural competence for public managers: managing diversity in today’s world. Cult Competence Public Manag Manag Divers Today’s World. 2017; 1-394. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781315095219/cultural-competence-public-managers-espiridion-borrego-richard-greggory-johnson
- Wang Y, Hao F, Liu Y. Pro-environmental behavior in an aging world: Evidence from 31 countries. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021; 18(4): 1-13. https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/4/1748/htm
- Savoia E, Stoto MA, Biddinger PD, Campbell P, Viswanath K, Koh H. Risk-communication capability for public health emergencies varies by community diversity. BMC Res Notes. 2008; 1(1): 1-4. https://link.springer.com/articles/10.1186/1756-0500-1-6
- Eliason M, Chinn P. LGBTQ cultures: What health care professionals need to know about sexual and gender diversity. Advances in Nursing Science. 2010; 33(3): 206-18.
- Oh W-O. Factors influencing cultural sensitivity among nursing students. J Korean Acad Child Heal Nurs. 2011; 17(4): 222-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4094/jkachn.2011.17.4.222
- Teper R, Segal Z V., Inzlicht M. Inside the mindful mind: how mindfulness enhances emotion regulation through ımprovements in executive control. Curr Dir Psychol Sci. 2013; 22(6): 449-54.
- Fulton CL. Mindful awareness and compassion, and empathy and anxiety in counselor trainees. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. 2012; Available from: https://search.proquest.com/openview/69a0bba843a0f39b1e880fa4a670991e/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750
- Baer RA, Smith GT, Lykins E, Button D, Krietemeyer J, Sauer S, et al. Construct validity of the five facet mindfulness questionnaire in meditating and nonmeditating samples. Assessment. 2008; 15(3): 329-42. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1073191107313003
- Ivers NN, Johnson DA, Clarke PB, Newsome DW, Berry RA. The relationship between mindfulness and multicultural counseling competence. J Couns Dev. 2016; 94(1): 72-82. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jcad.12063
- Ivers NN, Johnson DA. The relationship between mindfulness and multicultural counseling competence among mental health practitioners. J Humanist Couns. 2022; Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/johc.12170
- Guillaumie L, Boiral O, Champagne J. A mixed-methods systematic review of the effects of mindfulness on nurses. J Adv Nurs. 2017; 73(5): 1017-34. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jan.13176
- Arthur D, Dizon D, Jooste K, Li Z, Salvador M, Yao X. Mindfulness in nursing students: The five facet mindfulness questionnaire in samples of nursing students in China, the Philippines, and South Africa. Int J Ment Health Nurs. 2018; 27(3): 975-86.
- Ayalp H. Beş faktörlü bilgece farkındalık ölçeği-kısa formu’nun (BFBFÖ-K) türkçe uyarlaması. Klin Psikol Derg. 2018; 2(3): 117-27.
- Chen G-M, Starosta WJ. The development and validation of the Intercultural Sensitivity Scale. 2000; 3: 1-15. Available from: https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED447525
- Bulduk S, Tosun H, Ardıç E. Türkçe kültürler arası duyarlılık ölçeğinin hemşirelik öğrencilerinde ölçümsel özellikleri. Türkiye Klinkleri J Med Ethics. 2011; 19(1): 25-31.
- Kılıç SP, Sevinç S. The relationship between cultural sensitivity and assertiveness in nursing students from Turkey. J Transcult Nurs. 2018; 29(4): 379-86. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1043659617716518
- Claeys A, Berdai-Chaouni S, Tricas-Sauras S, De Donder L. Culturally sensitive care: definitions, perceptions, and practices of health care professionals. J Transcult Nurs. 2021; 32(5): 484–92. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1043659620970625
- Campbell A, Vance SR, Dong S. Examining the relationship between mindfulness and multicultural counseling competencies in counselor trainees. Mindfulness. 2018; 9(1): 79-87. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12671-017-0746-6
- Bilgiç Ş, Şahin İ. Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin kültürlerarası duyarlılık ve etnik merkezcilik düzeyleri. SDÜ Sağlık Bilim Derg. 2019; 10(3): 230-6. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/sdusbed/issue/48870/502408
- Göl İ, Erkin Ö. Association between cultural intelligence and cultural sensitivity in nursing students: A cross-sectional descriptive study. Collegian. 2019; 26(4): 485-91. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1322769618303238
- Yilmaz M, Toksoy S, Direk ZD, Bezirgan S, Boylu M. Cultural sensitivity among clinical nurses: a descriptive study. J Nurs Scholarsh an Off Publ Sigma Theta Tau Int Honor Soc Nurs. 2017; 49(2): 153-61. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28099787/
- Dikmen Y, Aksakal K, Yılmaz DK. An investigation of cultural sensitivity of nurses in foreign patient care : A descriptive study in Turkey. Int J Heal Sci Res. 2022; 6: 254–61.
- Azak A. Determination the level of mindfulness of nursing students. J Educ Res Nurs. 2018; 15(3): 170-6.
- Dai X, Chen G-M, editors. On ınterculturality and ıntercultural communication competence. In: China Media Research. Cambridge Scholars Publishing; 2015; 100-13.
- Sanko J, Mckay M, Rogers S. Exploring the impact of mindfulness meditation training in pre-licensure and post graduate nurses. Nurse Educ Today. 2016; 1 (45): 142–7.
- Zeller JM, Program Director G, Janice Zeller by M, Levin PF. Mindfulness ınterventions to reduce stress among nursing personnel. Workplace Health Saf. 2013; 61(2): 85-9.
- Malpass A, Binnie K, Robson L. Medical Students’ experience of mindfulness training in the UK: well-being, coping reserve, and professional development. Educ Res Int. 2019. https://www.hindawi.com/journals/edri/2019/4021729/
- Ludwig DS, Kabat-Zinn J. Mindfulness in medicine., JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association. 2008; 300: 1350-2. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/182551
- Krasner MS, Epstein RM, Beckman H, Suchman AL, Chapman B, Mooney CJ, et al. Association of an educational program in mindful communication with burnout, empathy, and attitudes among primary care physicians. JAMA. 2009; 302(12): 1284-93. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/184621