Analysing the relationship between countries’ freedom level and the number of Covid-19 cases

Year 2024, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 350 - 357, 30.09.2024

Ümit Çıraklı , Merve Nur Alpaslan

https://doi.org/10.52880/sagakaderg.1461073

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Aim: Epidemic diseases have been encountered in many periods of history. Societies took precautions against the epidemic diseases they encountered, according to the science of their time. This study aims to reveal whether the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic vary according to the freedom status of countries.
Materials and Methods: In this study, multiple methods were used with a phased approach to reveal the relationship between the freedom index of countries and Covid-19 cases. In the study, firstly, cluster analysis was performed on the countries. Then, One-Way Variance and Kruskal Wallis analyses were applied to test whether there were differences between Covid-19 cases according to the freedom index groups of the countries, and the analyses were performed with the SPSS 22 program. Finally, the effect of the state of freedom on Covid-19 cases was investigated using panel data analysis, which is an econometric method. The start of the data set is April 1, 2021. The end of the data set was chosen as April 2, 2022. Eviews 9.5 statistical program was used for panel data analysis.
Result: The study concluded that vaccines generally have a reducing effect on the number of deaths from Covid 19. To conclude in more detail, while the number of vaccinations in non-free countries increased, the number of deaths decreased. While the number of vaccinations in free countries is less than in free countries, the decrease in deaths is less than in non-free countries.

Keywords

World freedom ındex, Covid-19, PMG ARDL, Freedom

Ülkelerin özgürlük düzeyi ile Covid-19 vaka sayısı arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi

Abstract

ÖZ
Amaç: Tarihin birçok döneminde salgın hastalıklarla karşılaşılmıştır. Toplumlar karşılaştıkları salgın hastalıklarda kendi döneminin bilimine göre önlemler almıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı Covid-19 pandemisinin etkilerini, ülkelerin özgürlük durumlarına göre değişip değişmediğini ortaya koymaktır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmada, ülkelerin özgürlük endeksi ile Covid-19 vakaları arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koymak için aşamalı bir yaklaşımla birden fazla yöntem kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada ilk olarak, ülkelere kümeleme analizi yapılmıştır. Daha sonra ülkelerin özgürlük endeksi gruplarına göre Covid-19 vakaları arasında farklılık olup olmadığını test etmek için Tek Yönlü Varyans ve Kruskal Wallis analizleri uygulanmıştır, analizler SPSS 22 programıyla yapılmıştır. Son olarak da ekonometrik bir yöntem olan panel veri analizi ile özgürlük durumunun Covid-19 vakaları üzerinde etkisi araştırılmıştır. Veri setinin başlangıcı 1 Nisan 2021 yılıdır. Veri setinin bitişi ise 2 Nisan 2022 yılı olarak seçilmiştir. Panel veri analizi için Eviews 9.5 istatistik programı kullanılmıştır.
Sonuç: Çalışmada genel olarak aşıların covid 19 ölüm sayılarında azaltıcı etkisi olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Daha detaylı sonuçlandırılacak olunursa da özgür olmayan ülkelerin aşı olma sayısı yükselirken ölüm sayısı düşmüştür. Özgür ülkelerde aşı olma sayısı özgür olmayan ülkelere göre daha azken ölümdeki düşüş oranı özgür olmayan ülkelere göre daha azdır.

Keywords

Dünya özgürlük indeksi, Covid-19, PMG ARDL, Özgürlük

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