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Mersin İlinde Yaşayan Halkın COVID-19 Pandemisi Sürecine İlişkin Sağlık İnanç Model Temelli Algılarının, Kaygı ve Başa Çıkma Tutumlarının Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 454 - 475, 31.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.25279/sak.1077071

Abstract

Giriş: COVID-19 hastalığı bulaşıcılığı ve ciddiyeti ile tüm dünyada endişe yaratmıştır. Sadece fizyolojik hastalık oluşturarak enfekte olanları etkilemeyip toplumun genelinin ruhsal sağlığını da tehdit etmiştir. Pandemiye ilişkin kaygı ve algı toplumun başa çıkma stratejilerini etkilemektedir. Amaç: Araştırma, COVID-19 salgını sırasında Mersin’de yaşayan halkın Sağlık İnanç Modeli kapsamında salgına ilişkin algısının, başa çıkma tutumlarına ve kaygıya olan etkisini değerlendirmek amacı ile yapılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Kesitsel türdeki araştırmanın örneklemini Mersin’de bir üniversite hastanesine başvuran 433 kişi oluşturmuştur. Verilerin toplanmasında “Tanımlayıcı Özellikler Formu”, “COVID-19 Algı Anketi”, “Durumluluk Kaygı Envanteri” ve “Başa Çıkma Tutumlarını Değerlendirme Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılanların COVID-19 Algı anketi duyarlılık ve engel algısı “ortalamanın altında”, ciddiyet ve yarar algısı, sağlık motivasyonu, öz-etkililik ve eyleme geçirici faktörler puan ortalaması ile Başa Çıkma Tutumlarını Değerlendirme Ölçeği puan ortalaması “ortalamanın üstünde”, Durumluluk Kaygı Envanteri puan ortalaması ise “ortalamanın altında” bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Sonuç ve Öneriler: Mersin’de yaşayan halkın COVID-19 salgınının tedbirli normalleşme sürecinde Sağlık İnanç Modeli temelli duyarlılık ve engel algısı ortalamanın altında, ciddiyet ve yarar algısı ile başa çıkma tutumlarının ortalamanın üstünde ve kaygı düzeyinin ortalamanın altında olduğu belirlenmiştir.

References

  • Moghanibashi-Mansourieh, A. (2020). Assessing the anxiety level of Iranian general population during COVID-19 outbreak. Asian journal of psychiatry, 51, 102076.
  • Atchison, C.J., Bowman, L., Vrinten, C., Redd, R., Pristera, P., Eaton, J.W., & Ward, H. (2020). Perceptions and behavioural responses of the general public during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional survey of UK adults. medRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.01.20050039
  • Ateşeyan, Y., & Güngörmüş, Z. (2022). Evaluatıon of COVID-19 perceptions and compliance with isolation precautions of health professionals within scope of Health Belief Model. Göbeklitepe International Journal of Medical Sciences, 5(7), 148-162.
  • Berlin, I., Thomas, D., Le Faou, A.L., & Cornuz, J. (2020). COVID-19 and Smoking. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 22(9), 1650–1652.
  • Öz Ceviz, N., Tektaş, N., Basmacı, G., & Tektaş, M. (2020). COVID-19 pandemi sürecinde üniversite öğrencilerinin kaygı düzeylerini etkileyen değişkenlerin analizi. Uluslararası Eğitim Araştırmacıları Dergisi, 3(2), 312-329.
  • Champion, V.L., & Skinner C.S. (2008). The health belief model. Health Behavior and Health Education. Theory Res. Practice, 4, 45–65.
  • Dicle, A.N., & Ersanlı, K. (2015). Başa çıkma tutumlarını değerlendirme ölçeğinin türkçeye uyarlama geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 3(16), 111-126.
  • Domaç FM, Karacı R. (2020). COVID-19 ve Uyku. Türkiye Klinikleri, 56-60.
  • Elgzar, W., Al-Qahtani, A., Elfeki, N., & Ibrahim, H. (2020). COVID-19 Outbreak: Effect of An Educational Intervention Based on Health Belief Model on Nursing Students’ Awareness and Health Beliefs at Najran University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. African Journal of Reproductive Health, 24(2).
  • Evci, K.E. (2018). Ergenlerde İnternet Bağımlılığı, Sosyal Yeterlilik ve Kontrol Hissi İlişkisi. [Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi.
  • Fu, W., Wang, C., Zou, L., Guo, Y., Lu, Z., Yan, S., & Mao, J. (2020). Psychological health, sleep quality, and coping styles to stress facing the COVID-19 in Wuhan. China. Translational Psychiatry, 10(1), 225. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-020-00913-3
  • Gerhold, L. (2020). COVID-19: Risk perception and Coping strategies. PsyArXiv.
  • Gözüm S., Karayurt, Ö., & Aydın, İ. (2004). Meme Kanseri Taramalarında Champion’un Sağlık İnanç Modeli Ölçeğinin Türkçe Uyarlamalarına İlișkin Sonuçlar. Hemșirelikte Araștırma Geliștirme Dergisi, 1(2), 71-85.
  • Harper, C.A., Satchell, L.P., Fido, D., & Latzman, R.D. (2020). Functional Fear Predicts Public Health Compliance in the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int J Ment Health Addict, 1-14.
  • Jalloh, M. F., Li, W., Bunnell, R. E., Ethier, K. A., O’Leary, A., Hageman, K. M., Sengeh, P., Jalloh, M. B., Morgan, O., Hersey, S., Marston, B. J., Dafae, F., & Redd, J. T. (2018). Impact of Ebola experiences and risk perceptions on mental health in Sierra Leone, July 2015. BMJ Global Health, 3(2), e000471. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000471
  • Karataş, Z. (2020). COVID-19 Pandemisinin Toplumsal Etkileri, Değişim ve Güçlenme. Türkiye Sosyal Hizmet Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(1), 3-15.
  • Konkan, R., Erkuş, G.H, Güçlü, O., Şenormancı, Ö., Aydın, E., Ülgen MC, & Sungur, M.Z. (2014). İntihar Girişiminde Bulunan Kişilerde Başa Çıkma Tutumları. Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi, 51, 46-51.
  • Lau, J.T.F., Griffiths, S., Choi, K., & Tsui, H.Y. (2010). Avoidance behaviors and negative psychological responses in the general population in the initial stage of the H1N1 pandemic in Hong Kong. BMC Infectious Diseases, 10, 139.
  • Lee, S.A. (2020). Coronavirus Anxiety Scale: A brief mental health screener for COVID-19 related anxiety. Death Studies, 44(7), 393-401.
  • Liu, S., Yang, L., Zhang, C., Xiang, Y. T., Liu, Z., Hu, S., & Zhang, B. (2020). Online mental health services in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. The Lancet. Psychiatry, 7(4), e17–e18. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30077-8
  • Main, A., Zhou, Q., Ma, Y., Luecken, L.J., & Liu, X. (2011). Relations of SARS-related stressors and coping to Chinese college students’psychological adjustment dang the 2003 Beijing SARS epidemic. J Couns Psychol, 58, 410-23.
  • Mak, W.W., Law, R.W., Woo, J., Cheung, F.M., & Lee, D. (2009). Social support and psychological adjustment to SARS: the mediating role of self-care self-efficacy. Psychol Health, 24, 161-74.
  • Mukhtar, S. (2020). Mental health and emotional impact of COVID-19: Applying Health Belief Model for medical staff to general public of Pakistan. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 87, 28–29.
  • Öner, N., & LeCompte, A. (1983). Durumluk-sürekli kaygı envanteri el kitabı. Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Özdin, S., & Bayrak Özdin, Ş. (2020). Levels and predictors of anxiety, depression and health anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkish society: The importance of gender. Int J Soc Psychiatry, 66(5), 504-511.
  • Qian, M., Ye, D., Zhong J, Xu, K., Zhang, L., Huang, Z., Dong, W., Liu, X., Zhang, X., Zhang, Z., Wang, C., & Nie, J. (2005). Behavioural, cognitive and emotional responses to SARS: differences between college students in Beijing and Suzhou. Stress Health, 21, 87-98.
  • Saadatian-Elahi, M., Facy, F., Del Signore, C., & Vanhems, P. (2010). Perception of epidemic’s related anxiety in the general French population: A cross-sectional study in the Rhône-Alpes region. BMC Public Health, 10, 191.
  • Teasdale, E., Yardley, L., Schlotz, W., & Michie, S. (2012). The importance of coping appraisal in behavioural responses to pandemic flu. British Journal of Health Psychology, 17: 44-59.
  • Tuncay, S.Y., Demirhan, İ., Şahin, S., & Kaplan, S. (2019). Sağlık İnanç Modeli Örneği: Tütün Bağımlısı Gebe. Türkiye Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(1),38-46.
  • Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Ho, C. S., & Ho, R. C. (2020). Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(5), 1729. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051729
  • Wong, L.P., Hung, C., Alias, H., & Lee, TS-H. (2020). Anxiety symptoms and preventive measures during the COVID-19 outbreak in Taiwan. BMC Psychiatry, 20, 376.
  • World Health Organization. (2020). WHO Director- General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19—11 March 2020.
  • Verma, S., & Mishra, A. (2020). Depression, anxiety, and stress and socio-demographic correlates among general Indian public during COVID-19. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 66(8), 756-762.
  • Viana, R.B., & Barbosa de Lira, C.A. (2020). Exergames as Coping Strategies for Anxiety Disorders During the COVID-19 Quarantine Period. Games for Health Journal, 9(3), 147-149.
  • Yeung, D.Y., & Fung, H.H. (2007). Age differences in coping and emotional responses toward SARS:a longitudinal study of Hong Kong Chinese. Aging Ment Health, 11, 579-87.
  • Zhang, Y., & Ma, Z.F. (2020). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and quality of life among local residents in Liaoning Province, China: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(7).

Evaluation of Health Belief Model-Based Perceptions, Anxiety and Coping Attitudes of the People Living in Mersin Province Regarding the COVID-19 Pandemic Process

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 454 - 475, 31.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.25279/sak.1077071

Abstract

Introduction: COVID-19 disease has caused concern all over the world with its contagiousness and seriousness. It has not only affected those infected by causing physiological illness, but also threatened the mental health of the society in general. Anxiety and perception about the pandemic affect the coping strategies of the society. Aim: The study was conducted to evaluate the impact of the perception of the people living in Mersin during the COVID-19 outbreak on coping attitudes and anxiety within the scope of the Health Belief Model. Materials and Methods: The sample of this cross-sectional study consisted of 433 people who applied to a university hospital in Mersin. "Descriptive Characteristics Form", "COVID-19 Perception Questionnaire", "State Anxiety Inventory " and "Coping Scale for the Assessment " were used in data collection. Results: The mean scores of the participants in the COVID-19 Perception Questionnaire for sensitivity and perception of obstacles were found to be "below average", the mean scores of perception of seriousness and benefit, health motivation, self-efficacy and enabling factors, and the mean score of the Coping Attitudes Assessment Scale were found to be "above average", and the mean score of the State Anxiety Inventory was found to be "below average" (p<0.05). Conclusion and suggestions: In the precautionary normalization process of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Health Belief Model-based sensitivity and perception of barriers were below average, perception of seriousness and benefit and coping attitudes were above average, and anxiety level was below average.

References

  • Moghanibashi-Mansourieh, A. (2020). Assessing the anxiety level of Iranian general population during COVID-19 outbreak. Asian journal of psychiatry, 51, 102076.
  • Atchison, C.J., Bowman, L., Vrinten, C., Redd, R., Pristera, P., Eaton, J.W., & Ward, H. (2020). Perceptions and behavioural responses of the general public during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional survey of UK adults. medRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.01.20050039
  • Ateşeyan, Y., & Güngörmüş, Z. (2022). Evaluatıon of COVID-19 perceptions and compliance with isolation precautions of health professionals within scope of Health Belief Model. Göbeklitepe International Journal of Medical Sciences, 5(7), 148-162.
  • Berlin, I., Thomas, D., Le Faou, A.L., & Cornuz, J. (2020). COVID-19 and Smoking. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 22(9), 1650–1652.
  • Öz Ceviz, N., Tektaş, N., Basmacı, G., & Tektaş, M. (2020). COVID-19 pandemi sürecinde üniversite öğrencilerinin kaygı düzeylerini etkileyen değişkenlerin analizi. Uluslararası Eğitim Araştırmacıları Dergisi, 3(2), 312-329.
  • Champion, V.L., & Skinner C.S. (2008). The health belief model. Health Behavior and Health Education. Theory Res. Practice, 4, 45–65.
  • Dicle, A.N., & Ersanlı, K. (2015). Başa çıkma tutumlarını değerlendirme ölçeğinin türkçeye uyarlama geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 3(16), 111-126.
  • Domaç FM, Karacı R. (2020). COVID-19 ve Uyku. Türkiye Klinikleri, 56-60.
  • Elgzar, W., Al-Qahtani, A., Elfeki, N., & Ibrahim, H. (2020). COVID-19 Outbreak: Effect of An Educational Intervention Based on Health Belief Model on Nursing Students’ Awareness and Health Beliefs at Najran University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. African Journal of Reproductive Health, 24(2).
  • Evci, K.E. (2018). Ergenlerde İnternet Bağımlılığı, Sosyal Yeterlilik ve Kontrol Hissi İlişkisi. [Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi.
  • Fu, W., Wang, C., Zou, L., Guo, Y., Lu, Z., Yan, S., & Mao, J. (2020). Psychological health, sleep quality, and coping styles to stress facing the COVID-19 in Wuhan. China. Translational Psychiatry, 10(1), 225. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-020-00913-3
  • Gerhold, L. (2020). COVID-19: Risk perception and Coping strategies. PsyArXiv.
  • Gözüm S., Karayurt, Ö., & Aydın, İ. (2004). Meme Kanseri Taramalarında Champion’un Sağlık İnanç Modeli Ölçeğinin Türkçe Uyarlamalarına İlișkin Sonuçlar. Hemșirelikte Araștırma Geliștirme Dergisi, 1(2), 71-85.
  • Harper, C.A., Satchell, L.P., Fido, D., & Latzman, R.D. (2020). Functional Fear Predicts Public Health Compliance in the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int J Ment Health Addict, 1-14.
  • Jalloh, M. F., Li, W., Bunnell, R. E., Ethier, K. A., O’Leary, A., Hageman, K. M., Sengeh, P., Jalloh, M. B., Morgan, O., Hersey, S., Marston, B. J., Dafae, F., & Redd, J. T. (2018). Impact of Ebola experiences and risk perceptions on mental health in Sierra Leone, July 2015. BMJ Global Health, 3(2), e000471. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000471
  • Karataş, Z. (2020). COVID-19 Pandemisinin Toplumsal Etkileri, Değişim ve Güçlenme. Türkiye Sosyal Hizmet Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(1), 3-15.
  • Konkan, R., Erkuş, G.H, Güçlü, O., Şenormancı, Ö., Aydın, E., Ülgen MC, & Sungur, M.Z. (2014). İntihar Girişiminde Bulunan Kişilerde Başa Çıkma Tutumları. Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi, 51, 46-51.
  • Lau, J.T.F., Griffiths, S., Choi, K., & Tsui, H.Y. (2010). Avoidance behaviors and negative psychological responses in the general population in the initial stage of the H1N1 pandemic in Hong Kong. BMC Infectious Diseases, 10, 139.
  • Lee, S.A. (2020). Coronavirus Anxiety Scale: A brief mental health screener for COVID-19 related anxiety. Death Studies, 44(7), 393-401.
  • Liu, S., Yang, L., Zhang, C., Xiang, Y. T., Liu, Z., Hu, S., & Zhang, B. (2020). Online mental health services in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. The Lancet. Psychiatry, 7(4), e17–e18. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30077-8
  • Main, A., Zhou, Q., Ma, Y., Luecken, L.J., & Liu, X. (2011). Relations of SARS-related stressors and coping to Chinese college students’psychological adjustment dang the 2003 Beijing SARS epidemic. J Couns Psychol, 58, 410-23.
  • Mak, W.W., Law, R.W., Woo, J., Cheung, F.M., & Lee, D. (2009). Social support and psychological adjustment to SARS: the mediating role of self-care self-efficacy. Psychol Health, 24, 161-74.
  • Mukhtar, S. (2020). Mental health and emotional impact of COVID-19: Applying Health Belief Model for medical staff to general public of Pakistan. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 87, 28–29.
  • Öner, N., & LeCompte, A. (1983). Durumluk-sürekli kaygı envanteri el kitabı. Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Özdin, S., & Bayrak Özdin, Ş. (2020). Levels and predictors of anxiety, depression and health anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkish society: The importance of gender. Int J Soc Psychiatry, 66(5), 504-511.
  • Qian, M., Ye, D., Zhong J, Xu, K., Zhang, L., Huang, Z., Dong, W., Liu, X., Zhang, X., Zhang, Z., Wang, C., & Nie, J. (2005). Behavioural, cognitive and emotional responses to SARS: differences between college students in Beijing and Suzhou. Stress Health, 21, 87-98.
  • Saadatian-Elahi, M., Facy, F., Del Signore, C., & Vanhems, P. (2010). Perception of epidemic’s related anxiety in the general French population: A cross-sectional study in the Rhône-Alpes region. BMC Public Health, 10, 191.
  • Teasdale, E., Yardley, L., Schlotz, W., & Michie, S. (2012). The importance of coping appraisal in behavioural responses to pandemic flu. British Journal of Health Psychology, 17: 44-59.
  • Tuncay, S.Y., Demirhan, İ., Şahin, S., & Kaplan, S. (2019). Sağlık İnanç Modeli Örneği: Tütün Bağımlısı Gebe. Türkiye Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(1),38-46.
  • Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Ho, C. S., & Ho, R. C. (2020). Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(5), 1729. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051729
  • Wong, L.P., Hung, C., Alias, H., & Lee, TS-H. (2020). Anxiety symptoms and preventive measures during the COVID-19 outbreak in Taiwan. BMC Psychiatry, 20, 376.
  • World Health Organization. (2020). WHO Director- General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19—11 March 2020.
  • Verma, S., & Mishra, A. (2020). Depression, anxiety, and stress and socio-demographic correlates among general Indian public during COVID-19. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 66(8), 756-762.
  • Viana, R.B., & Barbosa de Lira, C.A. (2020). Exergames as Coping Strategies for Anxiety Disorders During the COVID-19 Quarantine Period. Games for Health Journal, 9(3), 147-149.
  • Yeung, D.Y., & Fung, H.H. (2007). Age differences in coping and emotional responses toward SARS:a longitudinal study of Hong Kong Chinese. Aging Ment Health, 11, 579-87.
  • Zhang, Y., & Ma, Z.F. (2020). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and quality of life among local residents in Liaoning Province, China: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(7).
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Nursing
Journal Section Original research articles
Authors

Yasemin Ateşeyan 0000-0001-6866-2287

Zeynep Güngörmüş 0000-0002-3761-8184

Early Pub Date January 4, 2024
Publication Date December 31, 2023
Submission Date February 21, 2022
Acceptance Date March 18, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 8 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Ateşeyan, Y., & Güngörmüş, Z. (2023). Mersin İlinde Yaşayan Halkın COVID-19 Pandemisi Sürecine İlişkin Sağlık İnanç Model Temelli Algılarının, Kaygı ve Başa Çıkma Tutumlarının Değerlendirilmesi. Sağlık Akademisi Kastamonu, 8(3), 454-475. https://doi.org/10.25279/sak.1077071

Health Academy Kastamonu is included in the class of 1-b journals (journals scanned in international indexes other than SCI, SSCI, SCI-expanded, ESCI) according to UAK associate professorship criteria. HEALTH ACADEMY KASTAMONU Journal cover is registered by the Turkish Patent Institute.