The Sīra section of the work named Al-Bidāya wa al-Nihāya by Ibn Kathīr (d. 774/1373), who wrote many invaluable works in various branches of Islamic sciences, deals with the life, manners and miracles of the Prophet (pbuh) in a comprehensive manner. In this work, Ibn Kathīr criticized the ḥadīth and sīra narrations very carefully and expressed the problems that attracted his attention regarding the content of these narrations. It is observed that he made recourse to a number of criteria such as conflict with the Qurʾān, authentic ḥadīths and sunna, reasoning and historical facts, ijmāʿ and basic teachings of the religion, dissimilarity to the words of prophethood/companions, narration of an event witnessed by a large group by only one person, narration of an event by only one person for which there are a number of reasons for it to be widely circulated, inconsistency within the text, simplicity of words, problems regarding the meaning, intuitive criticism and inclusion of isrāʾīliyyāt. In addition, it has been seen that Ibn Kathīr utilized expressions such as “gharīb” and “gharīb seriously”, from time to time in the context of criticizing the content explicitly rather than to point out the singularity of the ḥadīth. Ibn Kathīr uses the expression “gharīb seriously” in cases where the content of the ḥadīth poses a serious problem. When we look at the usages such as “seriously gharīb, even munkar or false” and "seriously munkar, even lie”, it is inferred that as the content problem in particular ḥadīth increases, the expressions “munkar” and in more advanced cases “lie” is preferred instead of the term “gharīb”. In our study, although we cannot include all the examples that we identified in the main text, the fact that we have shared thirty-seven examples from those we selected may give an idea about the extent of Ibn Kathīr’s content criticism. Considering the importance of the subject of content criticism today and the discussions on this subject, we think that examining these criteria extensively and carefully and presenting convincing and sufficient evidence will make a significant contribution to clarifying these discussions. Ibn Kathīr also subjected nineteen Sahīhayn ḥadīths to content criticism, revealed the incorrectness of some of the information in several examples and tried to explain the problematic points of others.
İslâmî ilimlerin muhtelif dallarında birçok kıymetli eser vermiş olan İbn Kesir’in (ö. 774/1373) el-Bidâye ve’n-nihâye isimli eserinin siyer bölümü Hz. Peygamber’in (sav) hayatı, şemâili ve mucizelerini geniş bir şekilde ele almaktadır. İbn Kesir bu eserinde hadis ve siyer rivayetlerini titiz bir tenkid sürecinden geçirmiş ve muhtevayla ilgili dikkatini çeken sorunları dile getirmiştir. Bu kapsamda onun Kur’ân-ı Kerîm’e, sahih hadislere ve sünnete, icmâa, akla, dinin temel öğretilerine ve sağlam târihî bilgilere muhalefet, nübüvvet/sahâbe kelamına benzememe, kalabalık bir grubun şahit olduğu bir olayın bir kişi tarafından aktarılması, naklini gerektiren birçok sebep bulunan bir olayın bir kişi tarafından aktarılması, metin içi tutarsızlık, lafız rekâketi, mana nekâreti, sezgisel tenkit ve israiliyât içerme gibi birçok muhteva tenkidi kıstasına başvurduğu görülmektedir. Ayrıca, İbn Kesir’in “garib”, “garib cidden”, “garâbet” gibi tabirleri zaman zaman teferrüde işaret etmek amacından ziyade açıkça muhteva tenkidi bağlamında kullandığı belirlenmiştir. Makalede İbn Kesir’in söz konusu eserinin Siyer kısmında başvurduğu muhteva tenkidi kıstaslarının sistematik ve kapsamlı bir tahlili ve garâbet tabirini muhteva tenkidi bağlamında kullanımının incelenmesi hedeflenmiştir.
Primary Language | Turkish |
---|---|
Subjects | Hadith |
Journal Section | Articles |
Authors | |
Publication Date | June 15, 2024 |
Submission Date | February 6, 2024 |
Acceptance Date | May 25, 2024 |
Published in Issue | Year 2024 Volume: 26 Issue: 49 |
SAUIFD accepts the Open Access Journal Policy for expanding and flourishing of knowledge.