Sanatsal Eylem Olarak Vandalizm: İklim Aktivistleri
Year 2024,
Issue: 43, 34 - 42, 26.03.2024
Ahmet İlkak
,
Ali Ertuğrul Küpeli
Abstract
İklim değişikliği ve çevre sorunlarına dikkat çekmek amacıyla günümüzde sanat eserlerine yapılan vandalca saldırılar dikkat ve tepki çekmektedir. Sanat tarihinin başyapıtlarını araç olarak kullanan bu saldırılar aynı zamanda eserlere kısmi de olsa kalıcı zarar vermektedir. Bu araştırma, iklim aktivist gruplarından yaptığı eylemlerle ön plana çıkan Just Stop Oil, Extinction Rebellion, Letzte Generation ve Ultima Generazione aktivist grupları ile sınırlandırılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında yapılan aktivist eylemler Vandalizm kavramı etrafında incelenmiş ve değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden literatür tarama yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Yapılan saldırıların bahsi geçen sanat eserlerine zarar verdiği tespit edilmiştir. Eylemcilerin sanat eserlerini, tepki gösterdikleri çevre sorunu ile kolay ilişkilendirilebilen eserleri seçerek eylemin anlamını ve anlatımını güçlendirdikleri görülmüştür. Konu ile alakalı Uluslararası Müzeler Konseyi (ICOM) dahil olmak üzere çeşitli çevrelerden ve sanat izleyicilerinden gelen tepkiler üzerine eylemlerin sayısı ciddi olarak azalmıştır.
Ethical Statement
Bilindiği üzere Anket, mülakat, odak grup çalışması, gözlem, deney, görüşme teknikleri kullanılarak katılımcılardan veri toplanmasını gerektiren nitel ya da nicel yaklaşımlarla yürütülen her türlü araştırmalar, insan ve hayvanların (materyal/veriler dâhil) deneysel ya da diğer bilimsel amaçlarla kullanılması ve kişisel verilerin korunması kanunu gereğince retrospektif çalışmalar için etik kurul izni gerekir.
Yukarıda bilgisi verilen çalışmamızın bu kapsamda yer almadığını; bu nedenle de herhangi bir etik kurul izni gerektirmediğini; çalışmanın hazırlanmasında ve yayın sürecinde hiçbir etik kural ihlali yapılmadığını kabul ve beyan ederiz.
Supporting Institution
Araştırmamız süresince hiçbir kurumdan maddi veya manevi destek alınmamıştır.
References
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doi:http://doi.org/10.47571/ataunigsfd.654391
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- Görsel Kaynakça
Art Damaged. (2012). Vandalised Guernica. [Fotoğraf]. Retrieved from
- https://www.artdamagedbook.com/blog/pablo-picasso-guernica-spray-paint
- Artlyst. (2022). Vandalised Girl With Pearl Earring. [Fotoğraf]. Retrieved from https://artlyst.com/news/girl-with-pearl-earring-vandalised-peter-schjeldahl-new-yorker-art-critic-dies-the-art-of-sanction-busting-british-businessman-arrested/
- Baldaccini C. (1978). Compression D’Automobile. [Heykel]. Retrieved from
https://www.mutualart.com/Artwork/COMPRESSION-D-AUTOMOBILE/86DE1B62554436F0
- Bir B. (2022). Vandalised Charles Ray’s Horse and Rider. [Fotoğraf]. Retrieved from
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- Djinis E. (2022). Vandalised Peach Trees in Blossom. [Fotoğraf]. Retrieved from
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- Just Stop Oil. (2022). Vandalised Van Gogh’s Sunflowers. [Fotoğraf]. Retrieved from
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- Kühn T. (2022). Vandalised Monet’s Haystacks. [Fotoğraf]. Retrieved from https://taz.de/Letzte-Generation-bewirft-Monet-Bild/!5886956/
- Letzte Generation Logo. (2023). [Grafik]. Retrieved from https://letztegeneration.org/
- Palumbo J. (2022). Vandalised Monalisa. [Fotoğraf]. Retrieved from
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- Pullella P. (2022). Damaged Pieta. [Fotoğraf]. Retrieved from https://www.reuters.com/article/us-vatican-pieta-idUSBRE94K0KU20130521
- Rheinische Post. (2022). Vandalised Klimt’s Death and Life. [Fotoğraf]. Retrieved from https://rp-online.de/politik/deutschland/letzte-generation-wollen-aktion-ausweiten_aid-80128919
- Velazquez D. (1647). Rokeby Venus. [Resim]. Retrieved from https://discover.hubpages.com/art/The-Vandalism-of-Art-in-the-Name-of-Justice
- İnternet Kaynakça
Benzine V. (2022, October 31). Here Is Every Artwork Attacked by Climate Activists This Year, From the ‘Mona Lisa’ to ‘Girl With a Pearl Earring’. Artnet. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/here-is-every-artwork-attacked-by-climate-activists-this-year-from-the-mona-lisa-to-girl-with-a-pearl-earring-2200804
- Edwards R. (2022, October 22). Art attack: can vandalism be justified to save the planet? The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/oct/21/art-attack-can-vandalism-be-justified-to-save-the-planet
- Frost R. (2022, July 9). Just Stop Oil: Climate activists explain why they are gluing themselves to art. Euronews. https://www.euronews.com/green/2022/07/09/just-stop-oil-climate-activists-explain-why-they-are-gluing-themselves-to-art
- Greta Thunberg. (04.07.2023) In Wikipedia. https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greta_Thunberg
- Gupta M. S. (2022, October 17). World’s most famous artworks that have been targeted by vandals. Lifestyle Asia. https://www.lifestyleasia.com/kl/culture/the-arts/artworks-that-were-vandalised/
- ICOM. (2022, November 11). Statement: Museums and Climate Activism. https://icom.museum/en/news/icom-statement-climate-activism/
- Jackson P. (2007, June) From Stockholm to Kyoto: A Brief History of Climate Change https://www.un.org/en/chronicle/article/stockholm-kyoto-brief-history-climate-change (Erişim Tarihi: 04.07.2023)
- Kemp S. (2022, February 19). From Rembrandt to Marcel Duchamp: A short history of art vandalism. Far Out. https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/a-history-of-art-vandalism/
- Kestin O., Lock H. & Gralki P. (2020, June 5) 12 Important Moments in the History of Climate Action: In Photos. Global Citizen https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/important-moments-climate-history-in-photos/
- Meyer R. (2022, October 22). The Climate Art Vandals Are Embarrassing. The Atlantic.
- https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2022/10/vermeer-glue-soup-climate-protest-outrage/671904/
- Soos O. (2022, November 15). Aktivist schleudert Öl auf Klimt-Werk. Tagesschau.
- https://www.tagesschau.de/ausland/europa/klimaaktivisten-wien-klimt-letzte-generation-101.html
- Türk Dil Kurumu. Vandal. Güncel Türkçe Sözlük. Retrieved July 6, 2023, from https://sozluk.gov.tr/
Year 2024,
Issue: 43, 34 - 42, 26.03.2024
Ahmet İlkak
,
Ali Ertuğrul Küpeli
References
- Bilginer, O. (2018). Sanat Eseri ‘Üretmeye’ Son Vermek: Son Avangard Sitüasyonist Enternasyonel. Sanat Dergisi, (32), 6-16.
- İba, Ş. M. (2020). Sanatsal Yaratım Sürecinin Sanatçı Psikolojisine Etkileri. Sanat Dergisi, (36), 217-226.
doi:http://doi.org/10.47571/ataunigsfd.654391
- Levy Leboyer C. (1984). Vandalism, behaviour and motivations. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers B. V.
- Özen, B. & Eken, G. (2017). Sokak Sanatının Gizli Sanatçısı, Banksy. Art-Sanat Dergisi , (8) , 499-519 . Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/iuarts/issue/47866/604488
- Görsel Kaynakça
Art Damaged. (2012). Vandalised Guernica. [Fotoğraf]. Retrieved from
- https://www.artdamagedbook.com/blog/pablo-picasso-guernica-spray-paint
- Artlyst. (2022). Vandalised Girl With Pearl Earring. [Fotoğraf]. Retrieved from https://artlyst.com/news/girl-with-pearl-earring-vandalised-peter-schjeldahl-new-yorker-art-critic-dies-the-art-of-sanction-busting-british-businessman-arrested/
- Baldaccini C. (1978). Compression D’Automobile. [Heykel]. Retrieved from
https://www.mutualart.com/Artwork/COMPRESSION-D-AUTOMOBILE/86DE1B62554436F0
- Bir B. (2022). Vandalised Charles Ray’s Horse and Rider. [Fotoğraf]. Retrieved from
- https://www.aa.com.tr/en/europe/climate-activists-dump-paint-over-charles-ray-sculpture-in-paris/2742414
- Djinis E. (2022). Vandalised Peach Trees in Blossom. [Fotoğraf]. Retrieved from
- https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/climate-protesters-glue-themselves-to-van-gogh-painting-in-london-museum-180980356/
- Extenction Rebellion Logo. (2023). [Grafik]. Retrieved from https://www.extinctionsymbol.info/
- Gonews. (2022). Vandalised Primavera. [Fotoğraf]. Retrieved from https://www.gonews.it/2022/07/22/protesta-pacifica-incollano-vetro-primavera-botticelli/
- International Council Of Museums [@icomofficiel]. (2022, November 11). “We wish for museums to be seen as allies in facing the common threat of climate change.” [Fotoğraf]. Instagram.
- https://www.instagram.com/p/Ck0hnEcIYJS/?img_index=1
- Just Stop Oil Logo. (2023). [Grafik]. Retrieved from https://juststopoil.org/graphics/
- Just Stop Oil. (2022). Vandalised Hay Wain. [Fotoğraf]. Retrieved from
- https://juststopoil.org/2022/07/04/young-supporters-of-just-stop-oil-glue-themselves-to-a-constable-at-the-national-gallery/
- Just Stop Oil. (2022). Vandalised Van Gogh’s Sunflowers. [Fotoğraf]. Retrieved from
- https://juststopoil.org/2022/10/14/just-stop-oil-supporters-throw-soup-over-van-goghs-sunflowers-to-demand-no-new-oil-and-gas/
- Kühn T. (2022). Vandalised Monet’s Haystacks. [Fotoğraf]. Retrieved from https://taz.de/Letzte-Generation-bewirft-Monet-Bild/!5886956/
- Letzte Generation Logo. (2023). [Grafik]. Retrieved from https://letztegeneration.org/
- Palumbo J. (2022). Vandalised Monalisa. [Fotoğraf]. Retrieved from
- https://edition.cnn.com/style/article/mona-lisa-louvre-cake-attack/index.html
- Pullella P. (2022). Damaged Pieta. [Fotoğraf]. Retrieved from https://www.reuters.com/article/us-vatican-pieta-idUSBRE94K0KU20130521
- Rheinische Post. (2022). Vandalised Klimt’s Death and Life. [Fotoğraf]. Retrieved from https://rp-online.de/politik/deutschland/letzte-generation-wollen-aktion-ausweiten_aid-80128919
- Velazquez D. (1647). Rokeby Venus. [Resim]. Retrieved from https://discover.hubpages.com/art/The-Vandalism-of-Art-in-the-Name-of-Justice
- İnternet Kaynakça
Benzine V. (2022, October 31). Here Is Every Artwork Attacked by Climate Activists This Year, From the ‘Mona Lisa’ to ‘Girl With a Pearl Earring’. Artnet. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/here-is-every-artwork-attacked-by-climate-activists-this-year-from-the-mona-lisa-to-girl-with-a-pearl-earring-2200804
- Edwards R. (2022, October 22). Art attack: can vandalism be justified to save the planet? The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/oct/21/art-attack-can-vandalism-be-justified-to-save-the-planet
- Frost R. (2022, July 9). Just Stop Oil: Climate activists explain why they are gluing themselves to art. Euronews. https://www.euronews.com/green/2022/07/09/just-stop-oil-climate-activists-explain-why-they-are-gluing-themselves-to-art
- Greta Thunberg. (04.07.2023) In Wikipedia. https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greta_Thunberg
- Gupta M. S. (2022, October 17). World’s most famous artworks that have been targeted by vandals. Lifestyle Asia. https://www.lifestyleasia.com/kl/culture/the-arts/artworks-that-were-vandalised/
- ICOM. (2022, November 11). Statement: Museums and Climate Activism. https://icom.museum/en/news/icom-statement-climate-activism/
- Jackson P. (2007, June) From Stockholm to Kyoto: A Brief History of Climate Change https://www.un.org/en/chronicle/article/stockholm-kyoto-brief-history-climate-change (Erişim Tarihi: 04.07.2023)
- Kemp S. (2022, February 19). From Rembrandt to Marcel Duchamp: A short history of art vandalism. Far Out. https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/a-history-of-art-vandalism/
- Kestin O., Lock H. & Gralki P. (2020, June 5) 12 Important Moments in the History of Climate Action: In Photos. Global Citizen https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/important-moments-climate-history-in-photos/
- Meyer R. (2022, October 22). The Climate Art Vandals Are Embarrassing. The Atlantic.
- https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2022/10/vermeer-glue-soup-climate-protest-outrage/671904/
- Soos O. (2022, November 15). Aktivist schleudert Öl auf Klimt-Werk. Tagesschau.
- https://www.tagesschau.de/ausland/europa/klimaaktivisten-wien-klimt-letzte-generation-101.html
- Türk Dil Kurumu. Vandal. Güncel Türkçe Sözlük. Retrieved July 6, 2023, from https://sozluk.gov.tr/