وجهات نظر معاصرة حول الفتوحات الإسلامية المبكرة

Year 2023, , 137 - 157, 03.07.2023

Hüseyin Gökalp

https://doi.org/10.26791/sarkiat.1179930

Abstract

يهدف هذا البحث إلى توضيح الدوافع والأسباب التي قادت إلى الفتاحات الإسلامية المبكرة وتحليلها بشكل أكثر تفصيلاً

تم اتباع المنهج الاستقرائي في هذا البحث، وقد تم الاطلاع على كلام الباحثين والمؤرخين والمستشرقين في موضوع .الدوافع الحقيقية والفعلية للفتوحات الإسلامية

أظهرت الدراسة بشكل واضح أن تقييم الفتوحات الإسلامية قد تأثر بشكل كبير بالفترة الزمنية والبلد والأيديولوجية، وهذا يتضح من انتشار فكرة الدفاع عن الفرس بين المؤرخين والباحثين الإيرانيين. ومن النتائج الأخرى التي توصل إليها البحث أن التفسيرات المختلفة المعروضة حول الفتوحات الإسلامية في الأساس تكرار للمزاعم المعروفة حول هذا الموضوع٬ .والتي لا أساس لها من الناحية العلمية

من أجل تفسير الفتوحات الإسلامية بشكل أكثر دقة وواقعية، ينصح بإجراء دراسات أكثر دقة للتحقق من الأسباب .والدوافع الفعلية لهذه الفتوحات ومراجعة الأدلة التاريخية والأسس العلمية المعتمدة في هذا الصدد

تظهر القيمة العلمية للبحث في ترسيخ مبدأ الثقة التامة بنوايا الفتوحات الإسلامية، وسلامتها من مزاعم الأسلمة القسرية والدوافع الاقتصادية. ويمكن الاعتماد على نتائج هذا البحث في الدراسات المستقبلية لتحليل الفتوحات الإسلامية وفهمها .بشكل أفضل

Keywords

التاريخ الإسلامي المبكر, الفتوحات الإسلامية, روما, الساسانيون, الأسلمة

Contemporary Evaluations on the Early Islamic Conquests

Abstract

This research aims to clarify the motives and reasons that led to the early Islamic conquests and analyze them in more detail. The inductive approach was followed in this research, and the words of researchers, historians, and orientalists were examined on the subject of the real and actual motives for the Islamic conquests.The study clearly shows that the evaluation of the Islamic conquests was greatly influenced by the time period, country, and ideology. This is evident from the spread of the idea of defending the Persians among Iranian historians and researchers. Another finding of the research is that the various interpretations presented about the Islamic conquests are essentially a repetition of the well-known allegations on this subject, which are scientifically unfounded. To interpret the Islamic conquests more accurately and realistically, it is advised to conduct more accurate studies to verify the actual reasons and motives for these conquests and to review the historical evidence and scientific foundations approved in this regard. The academic contribution of the research will be to reexamine the claims that the conquest regions were forcibly Islamized and that the conquests were carried out for economic motives within a scholarly framework and to reveal the current thoughts on the basic principles of Islamic conquests.

Keywords

Early Islamic History, Muslim Conquests, Rome, Sassanids, Islamization

Erken Dönem İslam Fetihleri Üzerine Çağdaş Değerlendirmeler

Abstract

Bu araştırma, erken dönem İslam fetihlerine yol açan saikleri ve nedenleri açıklığa kavuşturmayı ve bunları daha ayrıntılı bir şekilde analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu araştırmada tümevarımcı bir yaklaşım izlenmiş ve İslam fetihlerinin gerçek ve asıl sebepleri konusunda araştırmacıların, ilgili tarihçilerin ve oryantalistlerin değerlendirmeleri incelenmiştir. Çalışma, İslam fetihleriyle ilgili yorumların zaman, mekan ve ideolojilerden büyük ölçüde etkilendiğini açıkça göstermektedir. Bu durum, İranlı tarihçiler ve araştırmacılar arasında Pers medeniyetini savunma eğiliminden de anlaşılmaktadır. Araştırmanın bir diğer bulgusu, İslam fetihleri hakkında sunulan çeşitli yorumların, esasen bu konuda bilinen ve bilimsel olarak temelsiz olan iddiaların bir tekrarı olduğudur. İslam fetihlerini daha doğru ve gerçekçi bir zeminde yorumlamak için, bu fetihlerin gerçek nedenlerini ve gerekçelerini doğrulamak üzere daha derin çalışmalar yapılması ve bu konuda kabul gören tarihsel kanıtların ve bilimsel temellerin gözden geçirilmesi gerekmektedir. Araştırmanın akademik katkısı, fetih bölgelerinin zorla İslamlaştırıldığı ve ekonomik saiklerle fetihlerin gerçekleştirildiği iddialarının ilmi bir çerçevede yeniden ele alınması ve İslam fetihlerinin temel ilkeleri konusundaki güncel düşüncelerin ortaya konması noktasında olacaktır.

Keywords

Erken Dönem İslam Tarihi, İslam Fetihleri, Roma, Sâsânîler, İslamlaşma

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