THE GRAMMATICAL ISSUES IN THE BOOK OF “THE MESSAGE OF THE SAHEL AND THE SHAHİJ” OF ABU ALA MA'ARİ

Year 2020, , 281 - 303, 30.04.2020

Aslam Jankır

https://doi.org/10.26791/sarkiat.689707

Abstract

This research deals with the grammatical issues in the book of “The Message of the Sahel and the Shahij” of Abu Ala Ma'ari, These grammatical issues have stopped me; because it was mentioned in this literary letter in which the author was best known by his poetry, literature and philosophy, and wasn’t known by grammar! This was the reason of my choice for these issues, and I saw it as a good material for research and study, I have encountered some difficulties, the most important of which is the hidden question of grammar in the folds of the book, it was contained in the author's fictional style which was coined by him brilliantly, I have adopted the descriptive analytical approach, my work took two approaches, the first of which was to achieve what I need to investigate in these issues, I took out with poetry evidences, honest Hadiths, and sayings from their doubts, and I translated for the media. As for the second approach, I mentioned the matter as Abu Ala mentioned it, and I put each issue under the title of its content, Then I presented each issue to the scientists’ articles, which I outlined the most important, most likely the strongest and expressing Abu Ala's opinion in the matter and I concluded the research with a conclusion that I outlined the most important results of the research and its recommendations, and a list of sources and references. In addition to that I have another purpose in this research other than what I mentioned is to clarify that the ancients despite their distinction in one of the fields of language in the book of their books, such as their excellence in literature for example, they couldn't fully liberate themselves from the grammar that was still running in their blood and flowing from the mouths of their pens on many books of literature and others; between a paragraph and a paragraph or an idea and an idea or an attitude and an attitude, as if they do not see beauty in their literature and do not taste it except in Arabic grammar, which the ancients likened to salt, so they said: "grammar in speech is like salt in food." There is no doubt that this, which they did, indicates a strong and clear indication of the importance of their Arabic grammar and their keen concern to teach it, as if it was an imperative for them to perform it.

Keywords

Grammatical issues and matters, The Message of the Sahel and the Shahij, Evidences, Investigation

EBU’L-ALÂ EL-MA'ARRÎ'NİN RİSÂLETU’S-S-SÂHİL VE’Ş-ŞAHİC ADLI ESERİNDEKİ GRAMER KONULARI

Abstract

Öz
Bu araştırma, Ebu’l-Alâ el-Ma'arrî'nin Risâletu’s-s-Sâhil ve’ş-Şahic adlı eserindeki gramer konularını ele almaktadır. Yüksek edebî meseleleri barındırmasına karşın bu eser, nahiv meselelerini de içermektedir. Bu eseri tercih etmemin nedeni buydu ve bunu araştırmam için iyi bir materyal olarak gördüm. Kitabı incelerken Arap nahvi/dilbilgisi açısından bazı zorluklarla karşılaştım. Eser, yazarın kıvrak zekâsıyla oluşturduğu kurgusal bir stilde olduğundan çalışmamda tanımlayıcı analitik yaklaşımı benimsedim. Çalışmayı iki yönden inceledim; bunlardan ilki, eserdeki nahiv meseleleri hakkında yeterli bilgi vermekle birlikte şiir, mesel, hadis-i şerif ve söylenceler gibi şevâhidi tespit etmek ve eserde bahsi geçen kişileri tanıtmak.
İkincisine gelince, nahiv meselelerini Ebu’l-Alâ'nın zikrettiği gibi ele aldım ve her konuyu ilgili başlık altında topladım. Sonra bu konuları âlimlerin görüşlerine arz ettim. Bunlar ile Ebu’l-Alâ’nınkini mukayese ederek tercih edilen görüşü zikrettim. Daha sonra ise, çalışmama kaynakların ve referansların bir listesini ekledim.
Anlattıklarıma ek olarak bu çalışmayı hazırlamamın başka bir nedeni de eskilerin eserlerini kaleme alırken dil alanındaki maharetlerine ek olarak kaleme aldıkları edebi eserlerinde nahiv meselelerinden tam olarak sıyrılamamış olduklarını, bu durumun onların damarlarında akan kanda sürekli var olduğunu, bunun kalemlerinden akarak bir çok edebiyat eseri ve diğer çalışmalarda tebarüz ettiğini; fıkradan fıkraya, fikirden fikire, halden hale dönüştüğünü ve sanki bu âlimler, eskilerin tuz gibi gördüğü ve “sözdeki nahiv yemekteki tuz gibidir” şeklinde ifadesini bulan nahiv ilmi olmaksızın edebi eserlerinde bir güzellik ve tad görmediklerini dile getirmek içindir. Hiç şüphesiz bu durum Arap nahvinin eski âlimlerin yanındaki önemine güçlü ve açık bir işarettir ve bunu öğretmelerindeki şiddetli hırs ise kendisinden kaçınılması mümkün olmayan bir vacib olduğunu göstermektedir.

Keywords

Nahiv Meseleleri, Risâletu's-Sâhil ve'ş-Şâhic, Şevâhid, Tahkik

المسائل النحويّة في رسالة الصاهل والشاحج لأبي العلاء المعرّي

Abstract

يتناول هذا البحث المسائلَ النحويّة في كتاب (رسالة الصاهل والشاحج) لأبي العلاء المعرّي، فقد زخر بها الكتاب مع أنّه كتاب في الأدب رفيع. اعتمدتُ المنهجَ الوصفيَّ التحليليَّ وأدرتُ عملي على محورين أولهما تحقيق ما احتاج إلى التحقيق من هذه المسائلِ، فخرّجتُ الشواهد الشعرية والأحاديث الشريفة والأقوال من مظانّها، وترجمتُ للأعلام.
ثانيهما ذكرتُ فيه المسائل كما ذكرها أبو العلاء، ووضعت كلّ مسألةٍ منها تحت عنوانٍ وفق مضمونها، ثمّ عرضتُ كلّ مسألةٍ على مقالاتِ العلماء وأوجزتُ أهمّها معلّقًا عليها ومرجّحًا أقواها، ثمّ ذكرت رأي أبي العلاء فيها. وختمتُ البحث بأهمّ النتائجِ التي توصّل إليها، وبقائمة المصادر والمراجع.
إضافةً إلى أنّ لي غاية أخرى من هذا البحث غير ما ذكرتُ هي توضيحُ أنّ القدماء على الرغم من تميّزهم في ميدانٍ من ميادين اللغة في أحَدِ كُتُبِهِم، كتميّزهم في الأدب لم يستطيعوا التحرّر الكامل من النحو الذي بقي يجري في دمائهم ويسيل من أفواه أقلامهم على كثير من كتب الأدب وغيرها؛ بين الفقرةِ والفقرةِ أو الفكرةِ والفكرةِ أو الموقف والموقف، وكأنّهم لا يرونَ جمالًا في أدبهم ولا يتذوّقونَ له طعمًا إلّا بهذا النحو الذي شبّهه القدماءُ بالملحِ فقالوا: النحو في الكلام كالملحِ في الطعامِ. ولا شكّ أنّ هذا الذي فعلوه يدلّ دلالةً قويّةً وواضحةً على أهمّيّة النحو العربيّ عند القدماء وعلى حرصهم الشديد على تعليمهِ وكأنّه واجبٌ عليهم لا مفرَّ من تأديتهِ.

Keywords

المسائل النحوية, رسالة الصاهل والشاحج, الشواهد, تحقيق

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