Investigation of Vitamins, Glutathione and Stress Biomarkers in Blood Serum of Patients with Breast Cancer

Year 2023, Volume: 27 Issue: 2, 464 - 480, 30.04.2023

Awat Hamad Awla Ibraım , Dursun Özer , Fikret Karataş , Sinan Saydam

https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.1080420

Abstract

Breast cancer is a genetic disease caused by the accumulation of mutations in neoplastic cells and is responsible for the highest morbidity and mortality. In this study, blood serum samples from 45 breast cancer patients and 32 healthy individuals (control group) were used. The amounts of vitamins (A, E, β-carotene, C, B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B9 and B12), glutathione (GSH, GSSG) stress biomarkers (4-HNE, MDA) were determined by HPLC. A significant difference was found between the breast cancer patients and the control group in terms of age and body mass index (BMI) (p<0.05). In the breast cancer group, fat-soluble vitamins, A, E and β-carotene decreasing highly significant (p<0.001), decreasing water-soluble vitamins was found to be significant (p<0.05). No statistically significant difference was observed between the groups that received and did not receive treatment except vitamin B2 (p> 0.05) with in the cancer patients. Likewise, no significant difference was observed between the serum vitamin levels of breast cancer patients who breastfeed and not breastfeed, except for vitamins B2 and B3 (p>0.05). A high level of significant difference was observed between GSH, GSSG, MDA and 4-HNE in the breast cancer patient and control groups (p<0.001). There was no significant difference found in GSSG, MDA and HNE values according to the treatment status of breast cancer patients, on the other hand, a significant difference was observed in GSH and GSH/GSSG values (p<0.05). While there was no significant difference in GSH, GSSG, MDA and 4-HNE values according to the breastfeeding status of patients, a significant difference was observed in GSH/GSSG values (p<0.05).

Keywords

Breast Cancer, Vitamins, Reduced glutation, oxidised glutation, 4-hydroxy neoneal, malondealdehyde.

Project Number

FUBAP FF.19.33

References

• [1] G. M. Cooper, R. E. Hausman, "The development and causes of cancer,ʺ The cell: a molecular approach (2nd ed.), Sinauer Associates, Sunderland pp. 725-766, 2000.
• [2] A. Javed, L. Aida, "Development of the Human Breast,ʺ Seminars in Plastic Surgery, vol. 27, no.1, pp 5-12, 2013.
• [3] E. A. Rakha, A. R. Green, ʺMolecular classification of breast cancer: what the pathologist needs to know,ʺ Pathology, vol. 49, no. 2, pp 111-119, 2017.
• [4] A. R. Nourazarian, P. Kangari, A. Salmaninejad, ʺRoles of oxidative stress in the development and progression of breast cancer,ʺ Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, vol. 15, no. 12, pp 4745-4751, 2014.
• [5] F. Hecht, C. F. Pessoa, L. B. Gentile, D. Rosenthal, D. P. Carvalho, R. S. Fortunato, ʺThe role of oxidative stress on breast cancer development and therapy,ʺ Tumour Biology, vol. 37, no. 4, pp 4281-4291, 2016.
• [6] A. Ayala, M. F. Muñoz, S. Argüelles, ʺLipid peroxidation: production, metabolism, and signaling mechanisms of malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal,ʺ Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, vol. 2014, pp 1-31, 2014.
• [7] A. C. Mamede, S. D. Tavares, A. M. Abrantes, J. Trindade, J. M. Maia, M. F. Botelho, ʺThe Role of Vitamins in Cancer: A Review,ʺ Nutrition and Cancer, vol 63, no. 4, pp 479-94, 2011.
• [8] K. M. Fairfield, R. H. Fletcher, ʺVitamins for chronic disease prevention in adults: clinical applications,” The Journal of the American Medical Association, vol. 287, no. 23, pp 3116-3126, 2002.
• [9] M. Pierobon, C. L. Frankenfeld, ʺObesity as a risk factor for triple-negative breast cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis,ʺ Breast Cancer Research Treatment, vol. 137, no. 1, pp 307-314, 2013.
• [10] M. S. Ibrahim, Y. I. Ibrahim, Z. G. Mukhtar, F. Karatas, ʺAmount of Vitamin A, Vitamin E, Vitamin C, Malondialdehyde, Glutathione, Ghrelin, Beta-Carotene, Lycopene in Fruits of Hawthorn, Midland (Crataegus laevigata),ʺ Journal of Human Nutrition and Food Science, vol. 5, no. 3, pp 1112-118, 2017.
• [11] M. Ligor, T. Ligor, R. Gadzała‐Kopciuch, B. Buszewski, ʺThe chromatographic assay of 4‐hydroxynonenal as a biomarker of diseases by means of MEPS and HPLC technique,ʺ Biomedical Chromatography, vol. 29, no. 4, pp 584-589, 2015.
• [12] R. Amidžić, J. Brborić, O. Čudina, S. Vladimirov,ʺRp-HPLC determination of vitamins, folic acid and B12 in multivitamin tablets,ʺ Journal of Serbian Chemical Society, vol. 70, no. 10, pp 1229–1235, 2005.
• [13] P. Dawes, E. Dawes, ʺSGE Choromatography Products Catalog,ʺ pp: 182, 2000.
• [14] A. B. Miller, C. Wall, C. J. Baines, P. Sun, T. To, S. A. Narod, ʺTwenty five year follow-up for breast cancer incidence and mortality of the Canadian National Breast Screening Study: randomised screening trial,ʺ British Medical Journal, vol. 348, pp 1-10, 2014.
• [15] N. Howlader, A. Noone, M. Krapcho, D. Miller, K. Bishop, C. Kosary, M. Yu, J. Ruhl, Z. Tatalovich, A. Mariotto, ʺSEER cancer statistics review,ʺ 1975-2014, Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute, 2018.
• [16] H. D. Nelson, B. Zakher, A. Cantor, R. Fu, J. Griffin, E. S. O'Meara, D. S. Buist, K. Kerlikowske, N. T. van Ravesteyn, A. Trentham-Dietz, ʺRisk factors for breast cancer for women aged 40 to 49 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis,ʺ Annals of Internal Medicine, vol. 156, no. 9, pp 635-48, 2012.
• [17] M. P. Cleary, M. E. Grossmann, ʺObesity and breast cancer: the estrogen connectionʺ Endocrinology, vol. 150, no. 6, pp 2537–2542, 2009.
• [18] T. Pal, S. T. Vadaparampil, ʺGenetic risk assessments in individuals at high risk for inherited breast cancer in the breast oncology care setting,ʺ Cancer Control, vol. 19, no. 4, pp 255-66, 2012.
• [19] A. A. Zouré, A. H. Bambara, A. Y. Sawadogo, A. K. Ouattara, M. Ouédraogo, S. S. Traoré, Y. Bakri, J. Simporé, ʺMultiparous and breast cancer risk factor among women in Burkina Faso ʺ, Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention, vol. 17, no. 12, pp 5095-5099, 2016.
• [20] S. Tessaro, J. U. Béria, E. Tomasi, C. G. Victora, ʺBreastfeeding and breast cancer: a case-control study in Southern Brazil,ʺ Cadernos Saúde Coletia, Rio de Janeiro, vol. 19, no.6, pp 1593-1601, 2003.
• [21] N. J. Wald, A. Nicolaides-Bouman, G. A. Hudson, ʺPlasma retinol, beta-carotene and vitamin E levels in relation to the future risk of breast cancer,ʺ British Journal of Cancer, vol. 57, no. 2, pp 235, 1988.
• [22] T. J. Hartman, D. Albanes, P. Pietinen, A. M. Hartman, M. Rautalahti, J. A. Tangrea, P. R. Taylor, ʺThe association between baseline vitamin E, selenium, and prostate cancer in the alphatocopherol, beta-carotene cancer prevention study,ʺ Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention, vol. 7, no. 4, pp 335-340, 1998.
• [23] K. M. Terlikowska, B. Dobrzycka, M. Kinalski, S. J. Terlikowski, ʺSerum Concentrations of Carotenoids and Fat-Soluble Vitamins in Relation to Nutritional Status of Patients with Ovarian Cancer,ʺ Nutrition and Cancer, vol 73, no. 8, pp 1480-1488, 2021.
• [24] D. Talwar, T. Ha, H. R. Scott, J. Cooney, G. S. Fell, D. S. O’Reilly, M. Lean, D. C. McMillan, ʺEffect of inflammation on measures of antioxidant status in patients with non-small cell lung cancer,ʺ The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 66, no. 5, pp 1283-1285, 1997.
• [25] E. Cho, D. Spiegelman, D. J. Hunter, W. Y. Chen, S. M. Zhang, G. A. Colditz, W. C. Willett, ʺPremenopausal intakes of vitamins A, C and E, folate and carotenoid and risk of breast cancer,ʺ Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers and Prevention, vol. 12, no. 8, pp 713-720, 2003.
• [26] Q. Chen, M. G. Espey, A. Y. Sun, J. H. Lee, M. C. Krishna, E. Shacter, P. L. Choyke, C. Pooput, K. L. Kirl, G. R. Buettner, M. Levine, ʺAscorbate in pharmacologic concentrations selectively generates ascorbate radical and hydrogen peroxide in extracellular fluid in vivo,ʺ Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 104, no. 21, pp. 8749-8754, 2007.
• [27] S. Hussain, M. Ashafaq, ʺOxidative Stress and Anti-oxidants in Pre and Post-operative Cases of Breast Carcinoma,ʺ Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol. 15, no. 3, pp 354-359, 2018.
• [28] R. I. Inculet, J. A. Norton, G. E. Nichoalds, M. M. Maher, D. E. White, M. F. Brennan, ʺWater‐soluble vitamins in cancer patients on parenteral nutrition: a prospective study,ʺ Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, vol. 11, no. 3, pp 243-249, 1987.
• [29] M. Cascante, J. J. Centelles, R. L. Veech, W. N. Lee, L. G. Boros, ʺRole of thiamin (vitamin B-1) and transketolase in tumor cell proliferation,ʺ Nutrition and Cancer, vol. 36, no. 2, pp.150-154, 2000.
• [30] C. T. Peterson, D. A. Rodionov, A. L. Osterman, S. N. Peterson, ʺB Vitamins and Their Role in Immune Regulation and Cancer,ʺ Nutrients, vol. 12, no. 11, pp 1-23, 2020.
• [31] A. Buqué, N. Bloy, G. Kroemer, L. Galluzzi, ʺPossible mechanisms of cancer prevention by nicotinamide,ʺ British Journal of Pharmacology, vol. 178, no. 10, pp 2034–2040, 2021.
• [32] L. Bellows, R. Moore, ʺWater-soluble vitamins: B-complex and vitamin C,ʺ (Colorado State University. Extension). Food and nutrition series; Health, Fact Sheet No. 9. 312, pp 1-5, 2012.
• [33] K. Durda, K. Jaworska-Bieniek, K. Kąklewski, J. Lubiński, A. Jakubowska, ʺFolic acid and breast cancer risk,ʺ Hereditary Cancer in Clinical Practice. 10, no. 4, pp 1-2, 2012.
• [34] S. M. Zhang, W. C. Willett, J. Selhub, D. J. Hunter, E. L. Giovannucci, M. D. Holmes, G. A. Colditz, S. E. Hankinson, ʺPlasma Folate, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Homocysteine, and Risk of Breast Cancer,ʺ Journal of the National Cancer Institute, vol. 95, no. 5, pp 373-80, 2003.
• [35] C. C. Yeh, M. F. Hou, S. H. Wu, S. M. Tsai, S. K. Lin, L. A. Hou, H. Ma, L. Y. Tsai, ʺA study of glutathione status in the blood and tissues of patients with breast cancer,ʺ Cell Biochemistry and Function, vol. 24, no. 6, pp 555-559, 2006.
• [36] J. Navarro, E. Obrador, J. Carretero, I. Petschen, J. Avino, P. Perez, J. M. Estrela, ʺChanges in glutathione status and the antioxidant system in blood and in cancer cells associate with tumour growth in vivo,ʺ Free Radical Biology and Medicine, vol. 26, no. 3-4, pp 410-418, 1999.
• [37] D. Srivastava, R. Mittal, ʺFree radical injury and antioxidant status in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia and prostate cancer,ʺ Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, vol. 20, no. 2, 162-165, 2005.
• [38] A. Güven, S. Kısaçam, ʺGastrit ve Mide Kanseri Hastalarında Kan Malondialdehit (MDA) ve Redükte Glutatyon(GSH) Düzeylerinin Araştırılması,ʺ Caucasian Journal of Science, vol. 7, no. 1, pp1-8, 2020.