A DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVE ON SUBSIDIES: ENVIRONMENTALLY HARMFUL SUBSIDIES AND THEIR SECTORAL PRACTICES

Year 2021, , 65 - 97, 08.07.2021

Hakan Akar Filiz Giray

https://doi.org/10.52836/sayistay.966588

Cited By: 2

Abstract

The effectiveness of subsidies as a well-established public policy tool has started to be questioned with the deterioration of environmental conditions. For this reason, how the subsidies are applied, the total size they reach in the world and in various countries, and their effects are being increasingly examined. Environmentally harmful subsidies (EHS) on global and national scale have reached such large amounts that the EHS rate in a single sector can exceed 1% of the global gross domestic product (GDP). The most common EHS areas are agriculture, forestry, fossil fuel, transport, and fishing. In the face of these developments, some countries have taken important steps towards full-cost pricing instead of subsidy policy in recent years. This study aims to generate a basis for a different classification by highlighting the environmental effects of subsidies, which are not considered much, and to analyze the results of subsidy implementation around the world. According to the results obtained from the analysis, long-term and very general subsidy applications lead to EHS due to excessive consumption of natural resources and increased waste generation.

Keywords

Classification of Subsidies, Effects of Subsidies, Global Subsidies, Environmentally Harmful Subsidies, Sectoral Subsidies

SÜBVANSİYONLARA FARKLI BİR BAKIŞ: ÇEVREYE ZARARLI SÜBVANSİYONLAR VE SEKTÖREL UYGULAMALARI

Abstract

Köklü bir kamu politika aracı olan sübvansiyonların etkinliği, ağırlaşan çevresel koşullarla birlikte sorgulanmaya başlanmıştır. Bu nedenle sübvansiyonların uygulanma
şekilleri, dünyada ve çeşitli ülkelerde ulaştığı toplam büyüklükler ve bunların etkileri giderek artan oranda incelenmektedir. Küresel ve ulusal boyutta çevreye zararlı
sübvansiyonlar (ÇZS) büyük tutarlara ulaşmıştır. Öyle ki, tek bir sektördeki ÇZS oranı, küresel gayrisafi yurtiçi hasılanın (GSYİH) %1’ini geçebilmektedir. En çok karşılaşılan ÇZS alanları tarım, ormancılık, fosil yakıt, ulaşım ve balıkçılıktır. Bu gelişmeler karşısında son yıllarda bazı ülkeler sübvansiyon politikası yerine, tam maliyet fiyatlamasına yönelik önemli adımlar atmaktadır. Bu çalışmayla sübvansiyonların çok dikkat edilmeyen çevresel etkilerini ön plana çıkararak farklı bir sınıflandırma zemini oluşturmak ve dünya genelinde sübvansiyon uygulama sonuçlarını analiz etmek hedeflenmektedir. Analizlerden elde edilen sonuçlara göre, uzun süreli ve çok genel sübvansiyon uygulamaları, aşırı doğal kaynak tüketimi ve artan atık üretimi nedeniyle çevreye zararlı özellikteki sübvansiyonları ortaya çıkarmaktadır.

Keywords

Sübvansiyonların Sınıflandırılması, Sübvansiyonların Etkileri, Küresel Sübvansiyonlar, Çevreye Zararlı Sübvansiyonlar, Sektörel Sübvansiyonlar

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