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OECD, AB VE G-10 ÜLKELERİNİN YAŞAM KALİTESİ GÖSTERGELERİNE GÖRE BENZERLİKLERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ: BULANIK KÜMELEME ANALİZİ

Year 2020, Issue: 38, 84 - 112, 31.12.2020

Abstract

G 10, Avrupa Birliği (AB) ve OECD gibi uluslararası entegrasyon ve işbirliğine yönelik örgütleri oluşturan ülkelerin genelde benzer sosyoekonomik ve politik özellikler gösterdikleri bilinmektedir. Araştırmanın amacı Daha İyi Yaşam Endeksi göstergelerinden hareketle aynı grubu oluşturan ülkelerin benzer özellikler gösterip göstermediklerini belirlemektir. Ülkelerin benzerlikleri, Bulanık (Fuzzy) Kümeleme Yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Kümeleme analizi sonucunda en uygun küme sayısı 2 ve 4 olarak belirlenmiştir. Küme sayısı iki olduğunda ilk kümede OECD, AB ve G 10 örgütlerinin her üçüne de üye olan ülkelerin yoğunlukta olduğu belirlenmiştir. Aynı zamanda, bu ülkelerin genellikle AB’nin gelişmiş ülkelerinin ve G 10 ülkelerinin üyelerinden oluştuğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Küme sayısı dört olduğunda, ilk iki kümede her üç örgüte üye ülkelerle, geliştiği kabul edilen ülkeler yer almaktadır. Üçüncü kümede ise G 10 ülkesi bulunmamaktadır. Ayrıca, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nin yaşam endeksi göstergelerine göre tek başına bir küme oluşturduğu belirlenmiştir. Özetle, ABD diğer ülkelerden farklı refah özelliklerine sahiptir.

References

  • AKAR, S. (2014). “Türkiye’de Daha İyi Yaşam Endeksi: OECD Ülkeleri İLe Karşılaştırma”, Journal of Life Economics, 2014(1): 1-12.
  • BAŞOL, O. (2018). OECD “Ülkelerinde Yaşam Tatmini Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme”, "İŞ, GÜÇ" Endüstrı İlişkileri ve İnsan Kaynakları Dergisi, 20(3): 67-86.
  • BEZDEK, J.C. ve PAL, S.K. (1992). Fuzzy Models For Pattern Recognition: Methots That Search For Structures In Data. IEEE Press, New York.
  • DURAND, M. (2015). “The OECD Better Life Iniİtative: How’s Life? And The Measurement of Well-Being”, Review of Income and Wealth Series 61(1), March: 4-17.
  • EREN ŞENARAS, A. ve ÇETİN, I. (2016), “OECD Ülkelerinde Refahın Daha İyi Yaşam Endeksi ile Analizi”, PARADOKS: Ekonomi, Sosyoloji ve Politika Dergisi, Temmuz/Jul, 12(2): 31-51.
  • HAMARAT, B. (1998). Türkiye’de Sağlık Açısından Homojen İl Gruplarının Belirlenmesine İlişkin İstatistiksel Bir Yaklaşım. Y. Lisans Tezi. Anadolu Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Ens., Eskişehir.
  • KAUFMAN L, P. ve ROUSSEEUW, J. (1989). Findik Groups In Data (An Introduction To Cluster Analysis). A Wiley-Interscience Publication USA.
  • KERENYI, A. (2011). “The Better Life Index of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development”, Public Finance Quarterly, 56(4): 518–538.
  • KLIR, J.G., (1995). Yuan, Fuzzy Sets And Fuzzy Logic Theory and Application. New Jersey.
  • KULESZA, M. ve UCIEKLAK-JEZ, P. (2012). “Polonya and Selected Countriesin the Light of OECD’s Better Life Index”, Prace Naukowe Akademi im. Jana Dáugosza w CzĊstochowie, Pragmatates Oikonomia, z. VI: 183–191.
  • LORENZ, J., BRAUER, C. ve LORENZ, D. (2017). “Rank-Optimal Weighting or “How to be Best in the OECD Better Life Index?””, Social Indicators Research, 134(1): 75–92.
  • MARKOVIĆ, M, ZDRAVKOVIĆ, S., MITROVIĆ, M. ve RADOJIČIĆ, A. (2016). “An Iterative Multivariate Post Hoc I-Distance Approach in Evaluating OECD Better Life Index”, Social Indicators Research, 126(1): 1–19.
  • MIZOBUCHI, H. (2014). “Measuring World Better Life Frontier: A Composite Indicator for OECD Better Life Index”, Social Indicators Research, 118(3): 987–1007
  • NIKOLAEV, B. (2014). “Economic Freedom and Quality of Life: Evidence from the OECD’s Your Better Life Index”, The Journal of Private Enterprise, 29(3): x–xx
  • OECD (2013). How’s Life? 2013: Measuring Well-being, OECD Publishing, Paris
  • OECD (2015). How’s Life? 2015 Measuring Well-being. OECD Publishing. Paris.
  • OECD (2017). Multilingual Summaries How’s Life 2017 Measuring Well-being. OECD Publishing.
  • OECD (2019). Measuring Well-Beıng And Progress, OECD Statistics and Data Directorate Paris.
  • OECD.stat (2019). Better Life Index, https://stats.oecd.org/index.aspx?DataSetCode=BLI (Erişim Tarihi: 29.12.2019)
  • ÖZDAMAR, K. (2002). Paket Programlar ile İstatistiksel Veri Analizi-2. Kaan Kitabevi, Eskişehir.
  • SHARMA, S. (1996). Applied Multivariate Techniques. John Wiley &Sons, Inc., New York.
  • ŞAHİN, M. ve HAMARAT, B. (2002). “G10, Avrupa Birliği ve OECD Ülkelerinin Sosyo-Ekonomik Benzerliklerinin Fuzzy Kümeleme Analizi ile Belirlenmesi”, ODTÜ Uluslarası Ekonomi Kongresi VI, Ankara, 11-14 Eylül.
  • von REUMONT, L., SCHÖB, R. ve CLEMENS, H. (2017). “Embedding Effects in the OECD Better Life Index”, Annual Conference 2017 (Vienna): Alternative Structures for Money and Banking 168133, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
  • TUFAN, E. ve HAMARAT, B. (2003). “Clustering of Financial Ratios of the Quoted Companies Through Fuzzy Logic Method”. Journal of Naval Sciences and Engineering, 1 (2).

DETERMINATION OF THE SIMILARITY OF OECD COUNTRIES ACCORDING TO LIFE QUALITY INDICATORS: FUZZY CLUSTERING ANALYSIS

Year 2020, Issue: 38, 84 - 112, 31.12.2020

Abstract

It is known that countries that make up organizations for international integration and cooperation, such as G 10, European Union and OECD, generally show similar socioeconomic and political characteristics. The aim of this study is to determine whether the countries of the same group show similar characteristics and to determine the transitions between clusters of different groups of countries based on the indicators of better life index. The similarities of the countries were determined by Fuzzy Clustering Method. As a result of the clustering analysis, the optimal number of clusters was determined as 2 and 4. When the number of clusters is 2, it was determined that the first cluster is composed of the countries with a common membership for OECD, European Union and the G 10 countries. Also, it was determined that these countries comprise developed countries of European Union and members of G 10. When the number of clusters was 4, it was determined that the first two clusters comprise member countries of three of these organizations along with the countries accepted as developed. In the third cluster, no G 10 country exists. Additionally, according to the life index indicators, the USA formed a cluster by itself. To sum up, the USA has different welfare characteristics compared to other countries.

References

  • AKAR, S. (2014). “Türkiye’de Daha İyi Yaşam Endeksi: OECD Ülkeleri İLe Karşılaştırma”, Journal of Life Economics, 2014(1): 1-12.
  • BAŞOL, O. (2018). OECD “Ülkelerinde Yaşam Tatmini Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme”, "İŞ, GÜÇ" Endüstrı İlişkileri ve İnsan Kaynakları Dergisi, 20(3): 67-86.
  • BEZDEK, J.C. ve PAL, S.K. (1992). Fuzzy Models For Pattern Recognition: Methots That Search For Structures In Data. IEEE Press, New York.
  • DURAND, M. (2015). “The OECD Better Life Iniİtative: How’s Life? And The Measurement of Well-Being”, Review of Income and Wealth Series 61(1), March: 4-17.
  • EREN ŞENARAS, A. ve ÇETİN, I. (2016), “OECD Ülkelerinde Refahın Daha İyi Yaşam Endeksi ile Analizi”, PARADOKS: Ekonomi, Sosyoloji ve Politika Dergisi, Temmuz/Jul, 12(2): 31-51.
  • HAMARAT, B. (1998). Türkiye’de Sağlık Açısından Homojen İl Gruplarının Belirlenmesine İlişkin İstatistiksel Bir Yaklaşım. Y. Lisans Tezi. Anadolu Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Ens., Eskişehir.
  • KAUFMAN L, P. ve ROUSSEEUW, J. (1989). Findik Groups In Data (An Introduction To Cluster Analysis). A Wiley-Interscience Publication USA.
  • KERENYI, A. (2011). “The Better Life Index of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development”, Public Finance Quarterly, 56(4): 518–538.
  • KLIR, J.G., (1995). Yuan, Fuzzy Sets And Fuzzy Logic Theory and Application. New Jersey.
  • KULESZA, M. ve UCIEKLAK-JEZ, P. (2012). “Polonya and Selected Countriesin the Light of OECD’s Better Life Index”, Prace Naukowe Akademi im. Jana Dáugosza w CzĊstochowie, Pragmatates Oikonomia, z. VI: 183–191.
  • LORENZ, J., BRAUER, C. ve LORENZ, D. (2017). “Rank-Optimal Weighting or “How to be Best in the OECD Better Life Index?””, Social Indicators Research, 134(1): 75–92.
  • MARKOVIĆ, M, ZDRAVKOVIĆ, S., MITROVIĆ, M. ve RADOJIČIĆ, A. (2016). “An Iterative Multivariate Post Hoc I-Distance Approach in Evaluating OECD Better Life Index”, Social Indicators Research, 126(1): 1–19.
  • MIZOBUCHI, H. (2014). “Measuring World Better Life Frontier: A Composite Indicator for OECD Better Life Index”, Social Indicators Research, 118(3): 987–1007
  • NIKOLAEV, B. (2014). “Economic Freedom and Quality of Life: Evidence from the OECD’s Your Better Life Index”, The Journal of Private Enterprise, 29(3): x–xx
  • OECD (2013). How’s Life? 2013: Measuring Well-being, OECD Publishing, Paris
  • OECD (2015). How’s Life? 2015 Measuring Well-being. OECD Publishing. Paris.
  • OECD (2017). Multilingual Summaries How’s Life 2017 Measuring Well-being. OECD Publishing.
  • OECD (2019). Measuring Well-Beıng And Progress, OECD Statistics and Data Directorate Paris.
  • OECD.stat (2019). Better Life Index, https://stats.oecd.org/index.aspx?DataSetCode=BLI (Erişim Tarihi: 29.12.2019)
  • ÖZDAMAR, K. (2002). Paket Programlar ile İstatistiksel Veri Analizi-2. Kaan Kitabevi, Eskişehir.
  • SHARMA, S. (1996). Applied Multivariate Techniques. John Wiley &Sons, Inc., New York.
  • ŞAHİN, M. ve HAMARAT, B. (2002). “G10, Avrupa Birliği ve OECD Ülkelerinin Sosyo-Ekonomik Benzerliklerinin Fuzzy Kümeleme Analizi ile Belirlenmesi”, ODTÜ Uluslarası Ekonomi Kongresi VI, Ankara, 11-14 Eylül.
  • von REUMONT, L., SCHÖB, R. ve CLEMENS, H. (2017). “Embedding Effects in the OECD Better Life Index”, Annual Conference 2017 (Vienna): Alternative Structures for Money and Banking 168133, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
  • TUFAN, E. ve HAMARAT, B. (2003). “Clustering of Financial Ratios of the Quoted Companies Through Fuzzy Logic Method”. Journal of Naval Sciences and Engineering, 1 (2).
There are 24 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Bahattin Hamarat 0000-0002-6745-5785

Özge Uysal Şahin 0000-0002-1422-4123

Hakan Kevşek This is me 0000-0002-2274-0910

Publication Date December 31, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Issue: 38

Cite

APA Hamarat, B., Uysal Şahin, Ö., & Kevşek, H. (2020). OECD, AB VE G-10 ÜLKELERİNİN YAŞAM KALİTESİ GÖSTERGELERİNE GÖRE BENZERLİKLERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ: BULANIK KÜMELEME ANALİZİ. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi(38), 84-112.

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