SAHRA ALTI AFRİKA ÜLKELERİNDE DOĞRU-DAN YABANCI YATIRIM, ÇEVRE KİRLİLİĞİ VE NÜFUSUN REFAHI: YENİ BİR EKONOMİK REFAH MODELİNE GEREK VAR MIDIR?

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 39, 405 - 434, 30.04.2021

Emmanuel Nızıgıyımana , Hidayet Gizem Ünlü Ören

Öz

Çokuluslu şirketler, kirlilik cenneti hipotezinden yararlanarak, ev sahibi ülkelere doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar (DYY’ler) kapsamında kirletici teknolojileri getirerek ulusal çevre ve dolayısıyla nüfus refahı üzerinde olumsuz etkiler yaratmaktadırlar. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Sahra altı Afrika (SAA) ülkelerindeki DYY'nin çevre kalitesi üzerindeki etkisini, DYY’nin nüfus refahı üzerindeki etkisini ve dolayısıyla çevre kirliliğinin nüfus refahı üzerindeki etkisini incelemektir. Analizde dolaylı etkilerin varlığından dolayı bir yol analizi ve bootstrap yaklaşımı kullanılmıştır. Modellerde içe dönük net giriş DYY dışsal değişken ve kişi başına reel GSYİH (kişi başına refah vekili) içsel bir değişkendir. Ayrıca kişi başına karbondioksit emisyonu, bulaşıcı olmayan hastalıklar nedeniyle ölüm oranı ve kişi başına sağlık harcaması aracı değişkenlerdir. Bulgulara göre, SAA ülkelerinde DYY’deki artış, çevre kalitesini düşürmektedir. DYY ile nüfus refahı arasına aracı değişkenler girmektedirler. Dolayısıyla kişi başına karbondioksit emisyonları ve bulaşıcı olmayan hastalıklardan kaynaklanan ölüm oranı DYY ile nüfus refahı arasındaki ilişkiye aracılık ettiğinde, DYY'deki artış, nüfus refahını azaltmaktadır. Bulaşıcı olmayan hastalıklardan kaynaklanan ölüm oranı karbondioksit emisyonları ile kişi başına nüfus refahı arasındaki ilişkiye aracılık ettiğinde, kişi başına karbondioksit emisyonlarındaki artış, kişi başına nüfus refahını düşürmektedir. Modellere kişi başına sağlık harcamaları dâhil edildiğinde, DYY'deki artış, nüfus refahını artırmaktadır. Bu ölçüde SAA ülkeleri DYY'ye tamamen güvenmek yerine refahı iyileştirmek için içsel bir kaynak aramalıdırlar.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sahra altı Afrika (SAA) ülkeleri, Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırım (DYY), Çevre Kirliliği, Nüfusun Refahı, Yol Analizi

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, ENVIRON-MENTAL POLLUTION AND POPULATION WELFARE IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICAN COUNTRIES: IS THERE A NEED FOR A NEW MODEL OF ECONOMIC WELFARE?

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sub-Saharan African (SSA) Countries, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Environmental Pollution, Population Welfare, Path Analysis

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