Electrospinning of PVP Nanofibers and Optimization with Taguchi Experimental Design

Year 2022, Volume: 17 Issue: 2, 478 - 495, 25.11.2022

Aysun Pınarbaşı , Funda Cengiz Çallıoğlu

https://doi.org/10.29233/sdufeffd.1087764

Abstract

The aim of this study is the determination of optimum process parameters which will provide the finest and the most uniform electrospun Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) based nanofibers with Taguchi experimental design. For the designed experimental setup, parameters (solvent type, polymer concentration, voltage, distance between the electrodes, solution feed rate and humidity) were used which effect the electospinning process significantly. For this purpose, the appropriate orthogonal array was selected to determine the factors and levels at Taguchi experimental design application. The experimental design aimed which provides to be reduced the number of experiments and minimised the effect of uncontrollable factors with less experiments to obtain target value by using Taguchi orthogonal arrays. In the experimental studies of paper, firstly PVP polymer solutions such as conductivity, surface tension and viscosity were determined with various PVP concentrations (10, 12, 14 wt %) and solvents (ethanol, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, chloroform, acetic acid and distilled water). Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images of electrospun PVP based nanofibrous surfaces were obtained, average fiber diameter and fiber diameter coefficient values were calculated by ImageJ image analyses software and fiber diameter distribution histogram curves were obtained by SPSS program. Experimental results were analyzed and commented by Taguchi method in MINITAB program with variance analysis. According to the results; solvent type has the highest effect on the electrospinning of PVP nanofibers. In this study, it is predicted to save in terms of time and cost with decreasing the number of experiments by Taguchi experiment design.

Keywords

Polyvinylpyrrolidone, electrospinning, optimization, Taguchi experimental design, nanofiber., Polyvinylpyrrolidone, electrospinning, optimization, Taguchi experimental design, nanofiber.

Elektro Lif Çekim Yöntemi ile PVP Nano Lif Üretimi ve Taguchi Deneysel Tasarımı ile Optimizasyonu

Abstract

Çalışmanın amacı; Taguchi deneysel tasarımı uygulanarak elektro lif çekimi yöntemi ile en ince ve en üniform Polivinilpirolidon (PVP) esaslı nano liflerin üretimini sağlayacak optimum proses parametrelerinin belirlenmesidir. Tasarlanan deney düzeneğinde elektro lif çekimine önemli ölçüde etki eden parametreler (çözücü çeşidi, polimer konsantrasyonu, voltaj, elektrotlar arası mesafe, çözelti besleme hızı ve nem) kullanılmıştır. Taguchi deney tasarımı uygulamasında, amaca uyan faktör ve seviyeler belirlenerek uygun ortogonal dizin seçilmiştir. Taguchi ortogonal dizinleri kullanılarak, hedef değere ulaşmak için yapılan deney sayısı azaltılmış ve daha az deneyle kontrol edilemeyen faktörlerin etkisini de en aza indirgeyen bir deney tasarımı amaçlanmıştır. Yapılan deneysel çalışmalarda öncelikle PVP polimeri kullanılarak farklı konsantrasyonlarda (% 10, 12, 14) hazırlanan çözeltilerin iletkenlik, yüzey gerilimi ve viskozite özellikleri ölçülmüştür. Elektro lif çekimi ile üretilen PVP esaslı nano lifli yüzeylerin Taramalı Elektron Mikroskobu (SEM) görüntüleri alınmış, Image J görüntü analiz programı kullanılarak ortalama lif çapı ve lif çapı üniformite katsayıları hesaplanmış ve SPSS programı ile çap dağılımı histogram eğrileri oluşturulmuştur. Deney sonuçları, varyans analizi kullanılarak MINITAB programında Taguchi yöntemiyle incelenerek yorumlanmıştır. Sonuçlara göre; elektro lif çekimi ile üretilen PVP nanolifler üzerinde çözücü tipi en fazla etkiye sahiptir. Bu çalışmada, Taguchi deneysel tasarımı ile deney sayısının azaltılmasıyla zaman ve maliyet bakımından kazanç sağlanması öngörülmektedir.

Keywords

Polivinilpirolidon, elektro lif çekimi, optimizasyon, Taguchi deney tasarımı, nanolif.

References

• C. P. Poole Jr, and F. J. Owens, Introduction to nanotechnology. John Wiley & Sons, 2003, pp. 1-10.
• E. Özdoğan, A. Demir, N. Seventekin, ‘‘Nanoteknoloji ve tekstil uygulamaları’’, Tekstil ve Konfeksiyon, 16(3), 159-168, 2006.
• B. Bhushan (Ed.), Springer handbook of nanotechnology. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2017, pp. 1-19.
• A. Haider, S. Haider and I. K. Kang, ‘‘A comprehensive review summarizing the effect of electrospinning parameters and potential applications of nanofibers in biomedical and biotechnology’’, Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 11(8), 1165-1188, 2018.
• Y. Aykut, ‘‘Poliakrilonitril nano lifler içerisinde altıgen kobalt sülfür nanoplaka sentezi’’, Uludağ University Journal of the Faculty of Engineering, 18(2), 47-54, 2013.
• K. S. Chou, Y. S. Lai, ‘‘Effect of polyvinyl pyrrolidone molecular weights on the formation of nanosized silver colloids’’, Materials Chemistry and Physics, 83(1), 82-88, 2004.
• M. Teodorescu and M. Bercea, ‘‘Poly (vinylpyrrolidone)–a versatile polymer for biomedical and beyond medical applications’’, Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, 54(9), 923-943, 2015.
• M. Q. Khan, D. Kharaghani, N. Nishat, T. Ishikawa, S. Ullah, H. Lee and I.S. Kim, ‘‘The development of nanofiber tubes based on nanocomposites of polyvinylpyrrolidone incorporated gold nanoparticles as scaffolds for neuroscience application in axons’’, Textile Research Journal, 89(13), 2713-2720, 2019.
• T. Subbiah, G. S. Bhat, R. W. Tock, S. Parameswaran, and S. S. Ramkumar, ‘‘Electrospinning of nanofibers’’, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 96, 557-569, 2005.
• S. Ramakrishna, K. Fujihara, W-E Teo, T-C Lim, Z. Ma, An introduction to electrospinning and nanofibers. World Scientific, 2005, p. 1-396.
• Y. T. Jia, J. Gong, X. H. Gu, H. Y. Kim, J. Dong and X. Y. Shen, ‘‘Fabrication and characterization of poly (vinyl alcohol)/chitosan blend nanofibers produced by electrospinning method’’, Carbohydrate Polymers, 67(3), 403-409, 2007.
• M. Bognitzki, W. Czado, T. Frese, A. Schaper, M. Hellwig, M. Steinhart and J. H. Wendorff, ‘‘Nanostructured fibers via electrospinning’’, Advanced Materials, 13(1), 70-72, 2001.
• G. Zhu, L. Y. Zhao, L. T. Zhu, X. Y. Deng and W. L. Chen, ‘‘Effect of experimental parameters on nanofiber diameter from electrospinning with wire electrodes’’, In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 230(1), 1-12, 2017.
• C. Burger, B. S. Hsiao, and B. Chu, ‘‘Nanofibrous materials and their applications’’, Annual Review of Material Research, 36, 333-368, 2006.
• R. Unal and E. B. Dean, ‘‘Taguchi approach to design optimization for quality and cost: an overview’’, in Proc. Annual Conference of the International Society of Parametric Analysts, 1991.
• G. C. Üstündağ, E. Karaca, E., ‘‘Elektro çekim yöntemi ile alginat içeren nano lifli yüzey üretimi ve çapraz bağlama işlemi ile suya dayanıklı hale getirilmesi’’, The Journal of Textiles and Engineer, 75-76, 1-10, 2016.
• T. B. Barker, and A. Milivojevich, Quality by experimental design. Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2016, p. 1-754.
• J. M. Deitzel, J. Kleinmeyer, D. Harris, N. C. Beck Tan, ‘‘The effect of processing variable on the morphology of electrospun nanofibers and textiles’’, Polymer, 42(1), 261–272, 2001.
• K. S. Karna, R. Sahai, ‘‘An overview on taguchi method’’, International Journal of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, 1, 11-18, 2012.
• P. J. Ross, Taguchi techniques for quality engineering: loss function, orthogonal experiments, parameter and tolerance design. 2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1996, p. 1-329.
• M. Şirvancı, Kalite için deney tasarımı ‘Taguçi yaklaşımı’, Literatür Yayınları, 1997, p. 1-112.
• İ. Gönültaş, ‘‘Kalite, kalite güvence ve tekstil uygulaması’’, M.S. thesis, Dept. Management, Kadir Has Univ., İstanbul, Turkey, 2008.
• T. Duduhan, ‘‘Taguchi deney tasarımı uygulaması’’, M.S. thesis, Dept. Industrial, Süleyman Demirel Univ. Isparta, Turkey, 2009.
• E. Gutmann, M. Reibold, D. C. Meyer, H. Böttcher, ‘‘Synthesis of Ag and Ag/SiO2 sols by solvothermal method and their bactericidal activity’’, Sol Gel Science Technology, 51, 204-214, 2009.
• F. Alimohammadi, M. P. Gashti and A. Mozaffari, ‘‘Polyvinylpyrrolidone/Carbon Nanotube/Cotton Functional Nanocomposite: Preparation and Characterization of Properties’’, Fibers and Polymers, 19(9), 1940-1947, 2018.
• K. Song, P. Zhang, Y. Huang, F. Xu, Y. Ding, ‘‘Electrospun PU/PVP/GO Separator for Li-ion Batteries’’, Fibers and Polymers, 20(5), 961-965, 2019
• G. Panzarasa, A. Osypova, G. Consolati, S. Pandini, ‘‘Microsegregating blends of ethyl cellulose and poly (vinyl pyrrolidone): a combined thermo-mechanical and positron annihilation spectroscopy study’’, Cellulose, 26(3), 1619-1630, 2019.
• Y. Dong, T. Bickford, H. J. Haroosh, K. T. Lau, H. Takagi, 2013. ‘‘Multi-response analysis in the material characterisation of electrospun poly (lactic acid)/halloysite nanotube composite fibres based on Taguchi design of experiments: fibre diameter, non-intercalation and nucleation effects’’, Applied Physics A, 112, 747-757, 2013
• H. Albetran, Y. Dong, I. M. Low, ‘‘Characterization and optimization of electrospun TiO2/PVP nanofibers using Taguchi design of experiment method’’, Journal of Asian Ceramic Societies, 3(3), 292-300, 2015.
• M. Elkasaby, H. A. Hegab, A. Mohany, G. M. Rizvi, ‘‘Modeling and optimization of electrospinning of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)’’, Advances in Polymer Technology, 37(6), 2114-2122, 2018.
• D. C. Montgomery, Design and analysis of experiments. John wiley & sons, eighth edition, 2017, p. 1-757.
• L. M. Lander, L. M., Siewierski, W. J. Brittain and E. A. Vogler, ‘‘A systematic comparison of contact angle methods’’, Langmuir, 9(8), 2237-2239, 1993
• A. Pınarbaşı, ‘‘Polivinilpirolidon (PVP) Polimerinin Elektro Lif Çekim Yöntemi Kullanılarak Taguchi Deneysel Tasarımı ile Optimizasyonu’’, M. S. thesis, Dept. Textile Eng., Süleyman Demirel Univ., Isparta, Turkey, 2019.
• F. Cengiz and O. Jirsak, ‘‘The effect of salt on the roller electrospinning of polyurethane nanofibers’’, Fibers and Polymers, 10(2), 177–184, 2009