Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Petrographical and Petrophysical Features of the Jeribe Formation at the Khabaz Oil Field, Kirkuk, Northern Iraq

Year 2018, Volume: 22 Issue: 3, 1283 - 1295, 20.09.2018
https://doi.org/10.19113/sdufenbed.503923

Abstract

The present study deals with the Jeribe
Formation (Middle Miocene) in well Khabaz-17 (Long. 44° 11' 27" E ; Lat.
35° 25' 16" N) belonging to Khabaz oil field in Kirkuk area, northern
Iraq. Generally, the lithology of Jeribe Formation is homogeneous and it
consists of limestone, dolomite, dolomitic limestone, gypsum, and nodules of
chert with a thickness of about 36 m at depth 645-681 m. Petrographically, 50
thin sections have been prepared and studied under polarized microscope. Based
on this, they appeared to consists mainly of genus benthonic foraminifera (Borelis
melo curdica, Miliolids, Peneroplis, Nummulites and Rotalids
) where they
characterized by the good keeping, large volume and the thickness of the wall.
On the other hand, less common fauna included Gastropods, Pelecypods,
Echinodermata fragments, Algae, Ostracods and many of bioclasts, as well as
non-skeletal grains intraclasts and pisoids, while the ground mass mainly
compose of a micrite and micro-sparite. Several diagentic processes affected
the Jeribe formation which include mainly of dolomitization, cementation, micritization,
dissolution, compaction, fracturing and other types of diagenetic such as
neomorphism and bioturbation. Through the petrographic study the types of
porosity were identified. While, the porosity ratios was determined from the density
and the neutron logs. According to the results of these analyses, the porosity
of Jeribe formation changes from 11.4% and 25.6%, with an average rate of
17.3%. These values are described as good porosity, and had probably been
enhanced by some diagenetic processes by dolomitization and dissolution
followed by secondary effects from tectonics activities.

References

  • [1] Boggs, S.J. 2006. Principles of sedimentology and stratigraphy, Pearson Prentice Hall, 662 p.
  • [2] Jassim, S.Z., Goff, J.C. 2006. Geology of Iraq, Publishers Dolin, Prague and Moravian Museum, Brno, Czech Republic, 439 p.
  • [3] Bellen, V.R.G., Dunnington, H.V., Wetzel, R., Morton, D.M. 2005. Lexique stratigraphique international, Vol. 3, 10 Asie (Iraq), Permission of CNRS Editions, France, 239 p.
  • [4] Karim, S. A. 1978. The genius Borelis demontfort from the Oligocene-Miocene sediments of Iraq. Jour. Geol. Soci. Iraq, 11 (1978), 106-118.
  • [5] Friedman, G.M. 1959. Identification of carbonate minerals by staining methods, Jour. Sed. Pet., 29 (1959), 87-97.
  • [6] Fouad, S.F.A. 2015. Tectonic map of Iraq. scale 1 :1000000, 3 rd Edittion, Iraqi Bulletin of Geology and Mining, 11 (2015), 1-7.
  • [7] Aqrawi, A.A.M., Goff, J.C., Horbury, A.D., Sadooni, F.N. 2010. The Petroleum Geology of Iraq: Beaconsfield, United Kingdom, Scientific Press Ltd, 424 p.
  • [8] Numan, N.M.S. 1997. A Plate tectonic scenario for the Phanerozoic successions in Iraq, Iraqi Geol. Jour., 30 (1997), 85-110.
  • [9] Buday, T. 1980. The regional geology of Iraq, stratigraphy and paleogeography, Dar Al–Kutub. Publ. House. Mosul. Iraq. 445 p.
  • [10] Beydoun, Z. R. 1997. Arabian Plate oil and gas, Why so rich, so pro-life. Department of geology, American university of Beirut, Lebanon, Episodes, 21 (1997), 74-82.
  • [11] Tucker, J. L. 1981. Sedimentary petrology, an introduction. Blackwell Publications, Oxford, 252 p.
  • [12] Flugel, E. 2010. Microfacies of carbonate rock, analysis, interpretation and application, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 984 p.
  • [13] Murray R. J. 1970. Distribution and ecology of living benthic foraminiferans. Crane, Russuk, and Co., New York, 274 p.
  • [14] Flugel, E., 1982. Microfacies analysis of limestone, Translated by Christensen, K. Springer Berlage, Berlin, 633 p.
  • [15] Randazzo, A.F. and Zachos, L.G. 1984. Classification and description of dolomitic fabric of rocks from the Floridan aquifer U.S.A., Jour. Sed. Geol., 37 (1984), 151-162.
  • [16] Bathurst, R.G.C. 1975. Carbonate Sediment and their Diagenesis, Development in Sedimentology 12, (2nd ed.), Elsevier Publ. Comp. Amsterdam, 659 p.
  • [17] Tucker, M. E. 1991. Sedimentary petrology, Blackwell, Oxford, UK, 206 p.
  • [18] Buyukutku, A. G. 2003. The reservoir potential of Miocene carbonate rocks in the Askale and Hinis-Mus-Van sub-basins East Anatolia, Turkey, Jour. Pet. Geol., 26 (2003), 175-188.
  • [19] Choquette, W.P. and pray, C.L 1970. Geologic nomenclature and classification of porosity in sedimentary carbonate, AAPG. Bull. 54 (1970), 207-250.
  • [20] Reeckmann, F. D., Friedman, G. M. 1982. Exploration for carbonate platform reservoirs. Elf- Aquitaine, 212 p.
  • [21] Pirson , S.J. 1970. Geologic well log analysis , Gulf publishing company , Houston , Texas , 370 p .
  • [22] Levorsen, A. I. 1972. Geology of petroleum. Freeman and company, New York, San Francisco, 724 p.

Jeribe Formasyonunun Petrografik ve Petrofizik Özellikleri, Khabaz Petrol Sahası, Kerkük, Kuzey Irak

Year 2018, Volume: 22 Issue: 3, 1283 - 1295, 20.09.2018
https://doi.org/10.19113/sdufenbed.503923

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Kuzey Irak, Kerkük bölgesinde yer
alan, Khabaz petrol sahasında açılan Khabaz-17 kuyusunda (boylam 44° 11'
27" D, enlem 35° 25' 16" K), Orta Miyosen yaşlı Jeribe Formasyonunun
petrografik ve petrofiziksel özellikleri incelenmiştir.  Jeribe Formasyonunun litolojisi genellikle homojen
olup, kireçtaşı, dolomit, dolomitik kireçtaşı, jips ve çört nödüllerinden
oluşmaktadır. Jeribe Formasyonu Khabaz-17 kuyusunda 645-681 m derinlikte yer
almakta olup, yaklaşık 36 m kalınlığı sahiptir. Bu formasyona ait karotlardan
50 ince kesit hazırlanmış olup, bu örnekler polarize mikroskop altında araştırılmıştır.
İncelenen örnekler içinde saptanan genel fauna topluluğunu bentik foraminiferler
oluşturur. En yaygın görülen fauna cinsleri, Borelis melo curdica,
Miliolids, Peneroplis, Nummulites ve Rotalidlerden
oluşur.  Bu fauna türleri  iyi korunmuş olup, büyük hacim ve duvar
kalınlığına sahiptir. Bunların yanı sıra,  daha düşük oranda olmak üzere, gastropod,
pelecypod, Echinodermata, algl ve Ostracod kalıntıları olağan olarak bulunur. Diğer
taraftan, bioklastlar ve iskeletsi yapıya sahip olmayan tanelerin yanı sıra,  intraklast ve pisolidler, incelenen karbonat
kayalar içinde bulunan diğer önemli allokemleri oluşturur. Allokemler arasını
dolduran matriks daha çok mikrit ve spari-mikritten oluşmaktadır.
Jeribe
formasyonuna ait karbonat kayaları etkileyen belli başlı diyajenetik dönüşümleri,
dolomitleşme, çimentolanma, mikritizasyon, çözünme, sıkışma, kırılma ve
biyoturbasyon gibi neomorfik olaylar kapsamında değerlendirmek mümkündür. Çalışma
alanında Jeribe Formasyonuna ait karbonat kayaların petrografik özelliklerine
dayanılarak gözeneklilik türleri belirlenmiştir. Ancak gözeneklilik oranları,
sondaj kuyusu içinde yapılan nötron ve yoğunluk logları vasıtasıyla saptanmıştır.
Bu analiz sonuçlarına göre, Jeribe formasyonun gözenekliliği, %11.4 ile %25.6
arasında  değişmekte olup, tüm formasyon
için belirlenen ortalama gözeneklilik, %17.3 olarak bulunmuştur. Bu değerler,
Jeribe Formasyonuna ait karbonat kayaların iyi sayılabilecek bir gözeneklilik oranına
sahip olduğunu göstermesi bakımından önemlidir. Diğer taraftan, iyi
sayılabilecek bu gözeneklilik yapısının daha çok  dolomitleşme ve çözünme gibi diyajenetik
proseslerin yanı sıra, tektonik kırılma faaliyetleri sonucunda geliştiğini
belirtmek mümkündür.

References

  • [1] Boggs, S.J. 2006. Principles of sedimentology and stratigraphy, Pearson Prentice Hall, 662 p.
  • [2] Jassim, S.Z., Goff, J.C. 2006. Geology of Iraq, Publishers Dolin, Prague and Moravian Museum, Brno, Czech Republic, 439 p.
  • [3] Bellen, V.R.G., Dunnington, H.V., Wetzel, R., Morton, D.M. 2005. Lexique stratigraphique international, Vol. 3, 10 Asie (Iraq), Permission of CNRS Editions, France, 239 p.
  • [4] Karim, S. A. 1978. The genius Borelis demontfort from the Oligocene-Miocene sediments of Iraq. Jour. Geol. Soci. Iraq, 11 (1978), 106-118.
  • [5] Friedman, G.M. 1959. Identification of carbonate minerals by staining methods, Jour. Sed. Pet., 29 (1959), 87-97.
  • [6] Fouad, S.F.A. 2015. Tectonic map of Iraq. scale 1 :1000000, 3 rd Edittion, Iraqi Bulletin of Geology and Mining, 11 (2015), 1-7.
  • [7] Aqrawi, A.A.M., Goff, J.C., Horbury, A.D., Sadooni, F.N. 2010. The Petroleum Geology of Iraq: Beaconsfield, United Kingdom, Scientific Press Ltd, 424 p.
  • [8] Numan, N.M.S. 1997. A Plate tectonic scenario for the Phanerozoic successions in Iraq, Iraqi Geol. Jour., 30 (1997), 85-110.
  • [9] Buday, T. 1980. The regional geology of Iraq, stratigraphy and paleogeography, Dar Al–Kutub. Publ. House. Mosul. Iraq. 445 p.
  • [10] Beydoun, Z. R. 1997. Arabian Plate oil and gas, Why so rich, so pro-life. Department of geology, American university of Beirut, Lebanon, Episodes, 21 (1997), 74-82.
  • [11] Tucker, J. L. 1981. Sedimentary petrology, an introduction. Blackwell Publications, Oxford, 252 p.
  • [12] Flugel, E. 2010. Microfacies of carbonate rock, analysis, interpretation and application, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 984 p.
  • [13] Murray R. J. 1970. Distribution and ecology of living benthic foraminiferans. Crane, Russuk, and Co., New York, 274 p.
  • [14] Flugel, E., 1982. Microfacies analysis of limestone, Translated by Christensen, K. Springer Berlage, Berlin, 633 p.
  • [15] Randazzo, A.F. and Zachos, L.G. 1984. Classification and description of dolomitic fabric of rocks from the Floridan aquifer U.S.A., Jour. Sed. Geol., 37 (1984), 151-162.
  • [16] Bathurst, R.G.C. 1975. Carbonate Sediment and their Diagenesis, Development in Sedimentology 12, (2nd ed.), Elsevier Publ. Comp. Amsterdam, 659 p.
  • [17] Tucker, M. E. 1991. Sedimentary petrology, Blackwell, Oxford, UK, 206 p.
  • [18] Buyukutku, A. G. 2003. The reservoir potential of Miocene carbonate rocks in the Askale and Hinis-Mus-Van sub-basins East Anatolia, Turkey, Jour. Pet. Geol., 26 (2003), 175-188.
  • [19] Choquette, W.P. and pray, C.L 1970. Geologic nomenclature and classification of porosity in sedimentary carbonate, AAPG. Bull. 54 (1970), 207-250.
  • [20] Reeckmann, F. D., Friedman, G. M. 1982. Exploration for carbonate platform reservoirs. Elf- Aquitaine, 212 p.
  • [21] Pirson , S.J. 1970. Geologic well log analysis , Gulf publishing company , Houston , Texas , 370 p .
  • [22] Levorsen, A. I. 1972. Geology of petroleum. Freeman and company, New York, San Francisco, 724 p.
There are 22 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Radhwan K.h. Alatroshe

Fuzuli Yağmurlu

Ammar R. Al-khatabı

Publication Date September 20, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 22 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Alatroshe, R. K., Yağmurlu, F., & Al-khatabı, A. R. (2018). Petrographical and Petrophysical Features of the Jeribe Formation at the Khabaz Oil Field, Kirkuk, Northern Iraq. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 22(3), 1283-1295. https://doi.org/10.19113/sdufenbed.503923
AMA Alatroshe RK, Yağmurlu F, Al-khatabı AR. Petrographical and Petrophysical Features of the Jeribe Formation at the Khabaz Oil Field, Kirkuk, Northern Iraq. J. Nat. Appl. Sci. September 2018;22(3):1283-1295. doi:10.19113/sdufenbed.503923
Chicago Alatroshe, Radhwan K.h., Fuzuli Yağmurlu, and Ammar R. Al-khatabı. “Petrographical and Petrophysical Features of the Jeribe Formation at the Khabaz Oil Field, Kirkuk, Northern Iraq”. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 22, no. 3 (September 2018): 1283-95. https://doi.org/10.19113/sdufenbed.503923.
EndNote Alatroshe RK, Yağmurlu F, Al-khatabı AR (September 1, 2018) Petrographical and Petrophysical Features of the Jeribe Formation at the Khabaz Oil Field, Kirkuk, Northern Iraq. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 22 3 1283–1295.
IEEE R. K. Alatroshe, F. Yağmurlu, and A. R. Al-khatabı, “Petrographical and Petrophysical Features of the Jeribe Formation at the Khabaz Oil Field, Kirkuk, Northern Iraq”, J. Nat. Appl. Sci., vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 1283–1295, 2018, doi: 10.19113/sdufenbed.503923.
ISNAD Alatroshe, Radhwan K.h. et al. “Petrographical and Petrophysical Features of the Jeribe Formation at the Khabaz Oil Field, Kirkuk, Northern Iraq”. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 22/3 (September 2018), 1283-1295. https://doi.org/10.19113/sdufenbed.503923.
JAMA Alatroshe RK, Yağmurlu F, Al-khatabı AR. Petrographical and Petrophysical Features of the Jeribe Formation at the Khabaz Oil Field, Kirkuk, Northern Iraq. J. Nat. Appl. Sci. 2018;22:1283–1295.
MLA Alatroshe, Radhwan K.h. et al. “Petrographical and Petrophysical Features of the Jeribe Formation at the Khabaz Oil Field, Kirkuk, Northern Iraq”. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, vol. 22, no. 3, 2018, pp. 1283-95, doi:10.19113/sdufenbed.503923.
Vancouver Alatroshe RK, Yağmurlu F, Al-khatabı AR. Petrographical and Petrophysical Features of the Jeribe Formation at the Khabaz Oil Field, Kirkuk, Northern Iraq. J. Nat. Appl. Sci. 2018;22(3):1283-95.

e-ISSN :1308-6529
Linking ISSN (ISSN-L): 1300-7688

All published articles in the journal can be accessed free of charge and are open access under the Creative Commons CC BY-NC (Attribution-NonCommercial) license. All authors and other journal users are deemed to have accepted this situation. Click here to access detailed information about the CC BY-NC license.