Organofosfatlı Pestisitlerin Pilot Ölçekli Sulak Alan Reaktörlerinde Gideriminin İncelenmesi

Year 2019, Volume: 23 Issue: 1, 148 - 156, 01.04.2019

Mahmut Ekrem Karpuzcu , Çağrı Şahin

https://doi.org/10.19113/sdufenbed.455538

Abstract

Modern
tarımın yaygınlaşmasıyla birlikte dünyada pestisit kullanımı artmıştır. Birçok
ülkede olduğu gibi ülkemizde de aşırı ve bilinçsizce pestisit kullanımı
sonucunda su ve toprak ortamında giderek artan miktarlarda pestisit kirlenmesi
görülmektedir. Meriç- Ergene Havzası’nda bulunan ve etrafında yoğun bir şekilde
çeltik tarımı yapılan Meriç Deltası sulak alanları da bu kirlenmenin görüldüğü
bölgelerden biridir. Bu çalışma kapsamında, Meriç Deltası sulak alanlarından
numuneler alınarak organofosfatlı pestisitlerin akıbeti incelenmiştir. Sulak
alanları temsil etmesi amacıyla pilot ölçekli reaktörle çalışılmış, seçilen 4
organofosfatlı pestisit (Chlorpyrifos, Dichlorvos, Fenthion, Diazinon) için
biyolojik ayrışma ve adsorpsiyon deneyleri yapılmıştır. Pilot ölçekli sistemde, seçilen pestisitlerin yarı ömürleri
belirlenmiş ve bitki ve sediment üzerine adsorpsiyon miktarları ölçülmüştür. Aynı
zamanda pestisitlerin yeraltı suyuna sızma potansiyelleri GUS (“Groundwater
Ubiquity Score” / “Yeraltı Suyunda Mevcudiyet Katsayısı”) kullanılarak
hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar serbest yüzey akışlı yapay sulak alan
sistemlerinin organofosfatlı pestisitlerin giderimindeki etkinliğini ortaya
koymuştur. Bu çalışmadan elde edilen
sonuçlar, organofosfatlı pestisitlerin giderimi için önerilen yapay sulak
alanların tasarımı için yol gösterici niteliktedir.    

Keywords

Organofosfatlı pestisitler, Sulak alanlar, Tarımsal kirlilik, Pilot ölçekli reaktör, Meriç - Ergene havzası

Investigating Fate of Organophosphate Pesticides in Pilot Scale Wetland Reactors

Abstract

With
the widespread use of modern agriculture, the use of pesticides in the world
has increased. As in many countries, pesticide pollution has increasingly been
observed in Turkey due to excessive and unconscious use of pesticides. Meric
Delta, located in the Meric-Ergene Basin and receiving agricultural drainage
from paddy fields, is one of the regions subject to pesticide pollution. In
this study, samples were taken from the wetlands in Meric Delta and the fate of
four organophosphate pesticides (Chlorpyrifos, Dichlorvos, Fenthion, Diazinon)
was investigated in a pilot scale wetland reactor. In the pilot scale reactor
set up to represent wetlands in Meric-Ergene Basin, half-lives and adsorption
amounts of pesticides to plants and sediments were determined. Additionally,
the potential of pesticides for leaching to the groundwater has been determined
by calculating GUS (“Groundwater Ubiquity Score”). The results showed the
effectiveness of free surface flow constructed wetlands in organophosphate
pesticide removal. The results of this study provide key guidelines for the
design of constructed wetlands for the mitigation of organophosphate
pesticides.    

Keywords

Organophosphate pesticides, Wetlands, Agricultural pollution, Mesocosms, Meric- Ergene basin

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