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Mineralogical and Geochemical Properties of Clays to Associated with the Yarıkkaya (Yalvaç-Isparta) Coal Deposits

Year 2020, Volume: 24 Issue: 3, 566 - 583, 25.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.19113/sdufenbed.661162

Abstract

This study contains the mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of clays associated with Yarıkkaya (Yalvaç-Isparta) lignite coals. The clays are located in three lignite coal sites in the Yarıkkaya Neogene basin. The claystone member mainly consisting of claystone, carbonated shale, marl and locally mudstone, is settled in the Miocene Yarıkkaya formation. The clay occurrence is generally at the bottom of coal and sometimes at the upper parts of coal levels or laterally transitive with clays. The clay deposits have gray, dark gray and khaki colour, and they are generally covered by brown or gray bituminous materials. Their thickness changes between 5-15 m, and has a maximum thickness of 40 m as intercalated with the other lithologies in the Yarikkaya-3 location. The mineral paragenesis of clay formation mainly consists of illite, kaolinite, chlorite, and to a lesser amount smectite. SiO2/Al2O3 vs. Fe2O3/K2O ratios indicated that Yarıkkaya clay samples are defined as mainly shale, less greywacke and quartz arenite. The average Al2O3/TiO2 ratios suggest that Yarıkkaya clay samples show intermediate source rock. Cu, Ba, Pb, Zn, Co, Zr, Ga, Rb, V are considerably lower, only Ni contents are higher contents of with respect to PAAS. Geochemical contents of the investigated clays show that the clastics which are derived from the Seydişehir formation rocks could give a material to the Yarıkkaya lacustrine sediments.

Project Number

TÜBİTAK 2209-A Research Project Support Program

Thanks

The authors would like to thank Prof. Dr. Ahmet YILDIZ (Department of Geological Engineering, Afyon Kocatepe University) for help in interpreting X-ray diffraction graphs. In addition, we would like to thank TÜBİTAK 2209-A Research Project Support Program (for Undergraduate Students) for providing financial support to this study.

References

  • [1] Kuşcu, M., Yıldırımlar, Ş., 2016. Investigation of geological and economical properties of clays under llgın coal deposit. Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Science and Engineering 16, 368-383.
  • [2] Brindley, G.W., Brown, G., 1980. Crystal structure of clay minerals and their X–ray identification. Mineralogical Society Monograph No. 5, Mineralogical Society, London, 485 p.
  • [3] Poisson, A., Akay, E., Dumont, J.F., Uysal, S., 1984. The Isparta Angle: a Mesozoic paleorift in the Western Taurides. In: Ö. Tekeli and C. Göncüoğlu (Editors), Geology of the Taurus belt, Institute of Mineral Research and Exploration, Ankara, 11-26.
  • [4] Yağmurlu, F., 1991b. Yalvaç-Yarıkkaya Neojen havzasının tektono-sedimanter özellikleri ve yapısal evrimi. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration 112, 1-12.
  • [5] Yağmurlu, F., 1991a. Stratigraphy and depositional environments of Yalvaç-Yarıkkaya Neogene basin, SW-Anatolia. Geological Bulletin of Turkey 34, 9-19.
  • [6] Uzun, A.S., Bekiyev, M., Cengiz, O., 2019. Yarıkkaya (Yalvaç - Isparta) çevresindeki kil oluşumlarının jeolojik ve ekonomik özelliklerinin araştırılması. TÜBİTAK-2209-A Üniversite Öğrencileri Yurtiçi Araştırma Projeleri Destek Programı, 70 p.
  • [7] Herron, M.M, 1988. Geochemical classification of terrigenous sands and shales from core or log data. Journal of Sedimentary Research 58 (5), 820-829.
  • [8] Taylor, S.R., McLennan, S.M., 1985. The continental crust: Its composition and evolution. Blackwell, Oxford, 312 p.
  • [9] Plank, T., Langmuir, C.H., 1998. The chemical composition of subducting sediment and its consequences for the crust and mantle. Chemical Geology 145 (3-4), 325-394.
  • [10] DPT, 1995. Seramik – Refrakter - Cam Hammaddeleri. D.P.T., VII. Five-Yearly Development Plan, Special Expertise Commission Report, 2418 ÖİK, Ankara, 477 p.
  • [11] Sazcı, H., 2001. Seramikte kullanılan killerin tanımı. 4. Industrial Raw Materials Symposium, İzmir, 28‐42.
  • [12] Türkmenoğlu, A. G., Işık-Yavuz, N., 2008. Mineralogy, chemistry and potential utilization of clays from coal deposits in the Kütahya province, Western Turkey. Applied Clay Science 42, 63-73.
  • [13] Özbay, O., 2014. Malkara (Tekirdağ) yöresindeki kömüraltı killerinin mineralojik - jeokimyasal incelemesi. Master Thesis, Balıkesir University Institute of Science 99 p.
  • [14] Gök, S., 1985. Kil mineralleri ve killerin jeolojisi. Institute of Mineral Research and Exploration Department of Industrial Raw Materials, 43 p.
  • [15] Hoehne, K., 1954. Zur Ausbildung und Genese der Kohlentonsteine im Ruhrkarbon. Chemie der Erde, 17 (1), 6-28.
  • [16] Erhart, H., 1956. La genѐse des sols en tant que phénomѐne géologique, Paris: Masson et Compagnie, 90 p.
  • [17] Lombard, A., 1956. Géologie sédimentaire – Les séries marines, Paris: Masson et Compagnie, 722 p.
  • [18] Francis, W., 1961. Coal: Its formation and composition. 2nd Edition. Edward Arnold Ltd. London, 806 p.
  • [19] Nakoman, E., 1971. Coal. Institute of Mineral Research and Exploration, Education Series No. 8, Ankara.
  • [20] Çoban, F., Ece, Ö.I., Yavuz., O., Özdamar, Ş., 2002. Petrogenesis of volcanic rocks and clay mineralogy and genesis of underclays, Şile Region, İstanbul, Turkey. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie-Abhandlungen: Journal of Mineralogy and Geochemistry 178 (1), 1-25.
  • [21] Armstrong-Altrin, J.S., Nagarajan, R., Madhavaraju, J., Rosalez-Hoz, L., Yong, L., Balaram, V., Cruz-Martınez, A., Avila-Ramırez, G., 2013. Geochemistry of the Jurassic and Upper source area weathering, provenance, and tectonic setting. C.R. Geoscience 345, 185-202.
  • [22] Zaid, S.M., Gahtani, F.A., 2015. Provenance, diagenesis, tectonic setting and geochemistry of Hawkesbury sandstone (Middle Triassic), southern Sydney Basin, Australia. Turkish Journal of Earth Science 24, 72-98.
  • [23] Hayashi, K.I., Fujisawa, H., Holland, H.D., Ohmoto, H., 1997. Geochemistry of 1.9 Ga sedimentary rocks from northeastern Labrador, Canada. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 61, 4115-4137.

Yarıkkaya (Yalvaç-Isparta) Kömür Yatakları ile İlişkili Killerin Mineralojik ve Jeokimyasal Özellikleri

Year 2020, Volume: 24 Issue: 3, 566 - 583, 25.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.19113/sdufenbed.661162

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Yarıkkaya (Yalvaç-Isparta) linyit kömürleri ile ilişkili killerin mineralojik ve jeokimyasal özelliklerini kapsar. İncelenen killer Yarıkkaya Neojen havzasındaki üç linyit kömür lokasyonunda yeralmaktadır. Başlıca kiltaşı, karbonatlı şeyl, marn ve yer yer çamurtaşından meydana gelen kiltaşı üyesi Miyosen yaşlı Yarıkkaya formasyonunda bulunur. Kil oluşumu genellikle kömürün tabanında, bazen linyit kömür seviyelerinin üst kısmında yada geçişli olarak gözlenir. Kil çökelleri gri, koyu gri ve haki renklerdedir. Genellikle kahverengi yada gri bitümlü malzemeler ile örtülmektedir. Kalınlıkları 5-15 m arasındadır ve Yarıkkaya-3 lokasyonundaki diğer litolojiler ile arakatkılı olarak maksimum 40 m kalınlığa sahiptir. Kil oluşumunun mineral parajenezini başlıca illit, kaolinit ve klorit ve daha az miktarda smektit oluşturur. SiO2/Al2O3 ve Fe2O3/K2O oranları, Yarıkkaya kil numunelerinin başlıca şeyl, daha az grovak ve kuvars arenit olarak tanımlandığını gösterir. Ortalama Al2O3/TiO2 oranları Yarıkkaya kil örneklerinin ortaç kaynak kaya olduğunu göstermektedir. İncelenen kil numunelerinin Cu, Ba, Pb, Zn, Co, Zr, Ga, Rb, V içerikleri oldukça düşüktür, sadece Ni içerikleri PAAS' a göre daha yüksektir. Yarıkkaya killerinin jeokimyasal içerikleri, Seydişehir formasyonundaki kayaçlardan türeyen kırıntılı materyallerin Yarıkkaya gölü tortullarına malzeme verebileceğini göstermektedir.

Project Number

TÜBİTAK 2209-A Research Project Support Program

References

  • [1] Kuşcu, M., Yıldırımlar, Ş., 2016. Investigation of geological and economical properties of clays under llgın coal deposit. Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Science and Engineering 16, 368-383.
  • [2] Brindley, G.W., Brown, G., 1980. Crystal structure of clay minerals and their X–ray identification. Mineralogical Society Monograph No. 5, Mineralogical Society, London, 485 p.
  • [3] Poisson, A., Akay, E., Dumont, J.F., Uysal, S., 1984. The Isparta Angle: a Mesozoic paleorift in the Western Taurides. In: Ö. Tekeli and C. Göncüoğlu (Editors), Geology of the Taurus belt, Institute of Mineral Research and Exploration, Ankara, 11-26.
  • [4] Yağmurlu, F., 1991b. Yalvaç-Yarıkkaya Neojen havzasının tektono-sedimanter özellikleri ve yapısal evrimi. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration 112, 1-12.
  • [5] Yağmurlu, F., 1991a. Stratigraphy and depositional environments of Yalvaç-Yarıkkaya Neogene basin, SW-Anatolia. Geological Bulletin of Turkey 34, 9-19.
  • [6] Uzun, A.S., Bekiyev, M., Cengiz, O., 2019. Yarıkkaya (Yalvaç - Isparta) çevresindeki kil oluşumlarının jeolojik ve ekonomik özelliklerinin araştırılması. TÜBİTAK-2209-A Üniversite Öğrencileri Yurtiçi Araştırma Projeleri Destek Programı, 70 p.
  • [7] Herron, M.M, 1988. Geochemical classification of terrigenous sands and shales from core or log data. Journal of Sedimentary Research 58 (5), 820-829.
  • [8] Taylor, S.R., McLennan, S.M., 1985. The continental crust: Its composition and evolution. Blackwell, Oxford, 312 p.
  • [9] Plank, T., Langmuir, C.H., 1998. The chemical composition of subducting sediment and its consequences for the crust and mantle. Chemical Geology 145 (3-4), 325-394.
  • [10] DPT, 1995. Seramik – Refrakter - Cam Hammaddeleri. D.P.T., VII. Five-Yearly Development Plan, Special Expertise Commission Report, 2418 ÖİK, Ankara, 477 p.
  • [11] Sazcı, H., 2001. Seramikte kullanılan killerin tanımı. 4. Industrial Raw Materials Symposium, İzmir, 28‐42.
  • [12] Türkmenoğlu, A. G., Işık-Yavuz, N., 2008. Mineralogy, chemistry and potential utilization of clays from coal deposits in the Kütahya province, Western Turkey. Applied Clay Science 42, 63-73.
  • [13] Özbay, O., 2014. Malkara (Tekirdağ) yöresindeki kömüraltı killerinin mineralojik - jeokimyasal incelemesi. Master Thesis, Balıkesir University Institute of Science 99 p.
  • [14] Gök, S., 1985. Kil mineralleri ve killerin jeolojisi. Institute of Mineral Research and Exploration Department of Industrial Raw Materials, 43 p.
  • [15] Hoehne, K., 1954. Zur Ausbildung und Genese der Kohlentonsteine im Ruhrkarbon. Chemie der Erde, 17 (1), 6-28.
  • [16] Erhart, H., 1956. La genѐse des sols en tant que phénomѐne géologique, Paris: Masson et Compagnie, 90 p.
  • [17] Lombard, A., 1956. Géologie sédimentaire – Les séries marines, Paris: Masson et Compagnie, 722 p.
  • [18] Francis, W., 1961. Coal: Its formation and composition. 2nd Edition. Edward Arnold Ltd. London, 806 p.
  • [19] Nakoman, E., 1971. Coal. Institute of Mineral Research and Exploration, Education Series No. 8, Ankara.
  • [20] Çoban, F., Ece, Ö.I., Yavuz., O., Özdamar, Ş., 2002. Petrogenesis of volcanic rocks and clay mineralogy and genesis of underclays, Şile Region, İstanbul, Turkey. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie-Abhandlungen: Journal of Mineralogy and Geochemistry 178 (1), 1-25.
  • [21] Armstrong-Altrin, J.S., Nagarajan, R., Madhavaraju, J., Rosalez-Hoz, L., Yong, L., Balaram, V., Cruz-Martınez, A., Avila-Ramırez, G., 2013. Geochemistry of the Jurassic and Upper source area weathering, provenance, and tectonic setting. C.R. Geoscience 345, 185-202.
  • [22] Zaid, S.M., Gahtani, F.A., 2015. Provenance, diagenesis, tectonic setting and geochemistry of Hawkesbury sandstone (Middle Triassic), southern Sydney Basin, Australia. Turkish Journal of Earth Science 24, 72-98.
  • [23] Hayashi, K.I., Fujisawa, H., Holland, H.D., Ohmoto, H., 1997. Geochemistry of 1.9 Ga sedimentary rocks from northeastern Labrador, Canada. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 61, 4115-4137.
There are 23 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Oya Cengiz 0000-0003-1363-4638

Ayhan Uzun 0000-0002-3221-2564

Maksat Bekiyev 0000-0002-0378-3130

Project Number TÜBİTAK 2209-A Research Project Support Program
Publication Date December 25, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 24 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Cengiz, O., Uzun, A., & Bekiyev, M. (2020). Mineralogical and Geochemical Properties of Clays to Associated with the Yarıkkaya (Yalvaç-Isparta) Coal Deposits. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 24(3), 566-583. https://doi.org/10.19113/sdufenbed.661162
AMA Cengiz O, Uzun A, Bekiyev M. Mineralogical and Geochemical Properties of Clays to Associated with the Yarıkkaya (Yalvaç-Isparta) Coal Deposits. J. Nat. Appl. Sci. December 2020;24(3):566-583. doi:10.19113/sdufenbed.661162
Chicago Cengiz, Oya, Ayhan Uzun, and Maksat Bekiyev. “Mineralogical and Geochemical Properties of Clays to Associated With the Yarıkkaya (Yalvaç-Isparta) Coal Deposits”. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 24, no. 3 (December 2020): 566-83. https://doi.org/10.19113/sdufenbed.661162.
EndNote Cengiz O, Uzun A, Bekiyev M (December 1, 2020) Mineralogical and Geochemical Properties of Clays to Associated with the Yarıkkaya (Yalvaç-Isparta) Coal Deposits. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 24 3 566–583.
IEEE O. Cengiz, A. Uzun, and M. Bekiyev, “Mineralogical and Geochemical Properties of Clays to Associated with the Yarıkkaya (Yalvaç-Isparta) Coal Deposits”, J. Nat. Appl. Sci., vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 566–583, 2020, doi: 10.19113/sdufenbed.661162.
ISNAD Cengiz, Oya et al. “Mineralogical and Geochemical Properties of Clays to Associated With the Yarıkkaya (Yalvaç-Isparta) Coal Deposits”. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 24/3 (December 2020), 566-583. https://doi.org/10.19113/sdufenbed.661162.
JAMA Cengiz O, Uzun A, Bekiyev M. Mineralogical and Geochemical Properties of Clays to Associated with the Yarıkkaya (Yalvaç-Isparta) Coal Deposits. J. Nat. Appl. Sci. 2020;24:566–583.
MLA Cengiz, Oya et al. “Mineralogical and Geochemical Properties of Clays to Associated With the Yarıkkaya (Yalvaç-Isparta) Coal Deposits”. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, vol. 24, no. 3, 2020, pp. 566-83, doi:10.19113/sdufenbed.661162.
Vancouver Cengiz O, Uzun A, Bekiyev M. Mineralogical and Geochemical Properties of Clays to Associated with the Yarıkkaya (Yalvaç-Isparta) Coal Deposits. J. Nat. Appl. Sci. 2020;24(3):566-83.

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