Üreteral Jet Akım Açısı: Çocuklarda Vezikoüreteral Reflüde Ultrasonografik Tanısal Araç
Year 2020,
Volume: 11 Issue: 4, 460 - 465, 31.12.2020
Emin Çakmakçı
,
Emine Betül Derinkuyu
,
Nagihan Baş
,
Hülya Şeker Yıkmaz
,
Çiğdem Üner
Abstract
Amaç: Vezikoüreteral reflü (VUR) çocukluk çağında en sık görülen üriner sistem anomalisidir. Tanısında altın standart yöntem voiding sistoüretrografi (VSÜG)’dir. Fakat bu yöntem invazivdir ve kontrast madde kullanımı gerektirir. Çalışmamızın amacı çocuklarda VUR tanısı koymada renkli Doppler ultrasonda belirlenen üreteral jet akım açısının noninvazif bir yöntem olarak tanısal değerini araştırmaktır. Materyal-Metot: Bu prospektif kohort çalışmasında VUR tanısını doğrulamak için işeme sistoürografisi planlanan 63 pediyatrik olgu değerlendirildi. Her iki tarafta VUR tespit edilmeyen hastalar kontrol grubu (n=32), en azından tek tarafta VUR tespit edilen hastalar ise VUR grubu (n=31) olarak çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Tüm hastalara VSÜG ve Doppler ultrason ile üreteral jet akım açısı ölçümü yapıldı. Başlangıç tanımlayıcı verileri ve üreteral jet akış açıları karşılaştırıldı.
Bulgular: VUR ve kontrol grupları arasında yaş (p=0,278), cinsiyet (p=0,898) ve mesane volümü (p=0,211) açısından anlamlı bir farklılık yoktu. Üreteral jet akım açısı VUR grubunda hem sağ tarafta (p=0,001) hem de sol tarafta (p<0,001) kontrol grubuyla karşılaştırıldığında daha yüksekti. Sonuç: Üreteral jet akım açısı, VUR tanısı konmasına yardımcı olabilecek ipuçları sağlayabilmektedir. Bununla birlikte, bu yeni sonografik belirteci doğrulamak ve geçerliliğini onaylamak için daha geniş serilerde ve daha fazla çok merkezli çalışmaların yürütülmesine ihtiyaç bulunmaktadır.
References
- 1. Altobelli E, Gerocarni Nappo S, Guidotti M, Caione P. Vesicoureteral reflux in pediatric age: where are we today? Urologia. 2014;81(2):76-87.
- 2. Hidas G, Billimek J, Nam A, Soltani T, Kelly MS, Selby B, et al. Predicting the risk of breakthrough urinary tract infections: primary vesicoureteral reflux. J Urol. 2015;194(5):1396-401.
- 3. Lee T, Ellimoottil C, Marchetti KA, Banerjee T, Ivančić V, Kraft KH, et al. Impact of clinical guidelines on voiding cystourethrogram use and vesicoureteral reflux incidence. J Urol. 2018;199(3):831-836.
- 4. Mane N, Sharma A, Patil A, Gadekar C, Andankar M, Pathak H. Comparison of contrast-enhancedvoidingurosonographywithvoidingcystourethrography in pediatric vesicoureteral reflux. Turk J Urol. 2018;44(3):261-267.
- 5. Arlen AM, Cooper CS. New trends in voiding cystourethrography and vesicoureteral reflux: Who, when and how? Int J Urol. 2019;26(4):440-445.
- 6. Chua ME, Kim JK, Mendoza JS, Fernandez N, Ming JM, Marson A, et al. The evaluation of vesicoureteral reflux among children using contrast-enhanced ultrasound: a literature review. J Pediatr Urol. 2019;15(1):12-17.
- 7. Papadopoulou F, Ntoulia A, Siomou E, Darge K. Contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography with intravesical administration of a second-generation ultrasound contrast agent for diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux: prospective evaluation of contrast safety in 1,010 children. Pediatr Radiol. 2014;44(6):719-728.
- 8. Koff SA. Estimating bladder capacity in children. Urology. 1983;21(3):248.
- 9. Peters C, Rushton HG. Vesicoureteral reflux associated renal damage: congenital reflux nephropathy and acquired renal scarring. J Urol 2010;184(1):265-73.
- 10. Mohanan N, Colhoun E, Puri P. Renal parenchymal damage in intermediate and high grade infantile vesicoureteral reflux. J Urol. 2008;180(4 Suppl):1635-8.
- 11. Asanuma H, Matsui Z, Satoh H, Asai N, Nukui C, Aoki Y, et al. Color doppler ultrasound evaluation of ureteral jet angle to detect vesicoureteral reflux in children. J Urol. 2016;195(6):1877-82.
- 12. Mahant S, Friedman J, MacArthur C. Renal ultrasound findings and vesicoureteral reflux in children hospitalized with urinary tract infection. Arch Dis Child. 2002;86(6):419-20.
Ureteral Jet Flow Angle: An Ultrasonographic Diagnostic Tool in Vesicoureteral Reflux in Children
Year 2020,
Volume: 11 Issue: 4, 460 - 465, 31.12.2020
Emin Çakmakçı
,
Emine Betül Derinkuyu
,
Nagihan Baş
,
Hülya Şeker Yıkmaz
,
Çiğdem Üner
Abstract
Objective: Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is the most common urinary system anomaly in childhood. The gold standard method in diagnosis is voiding cystourethrography (VCUG). However, this method is invasive and requires the use of contrast media. The aim of our study is to investigate the diagnostic value of the ureteral jet flow angle determined in color Doppler ultrasound as a noninvasive method in diagnosing VUR in children. Material-Method: In this prospective cohort study, 63 pediatric cases scheduled for VCUG were evaluated to confirm the diagnosis of VUR. Patients not having VUR on both sides included in the control group (n=32), while patients with VUR at least on one side formed the VUR group (n=31). VCUG and ureteral jet flow angle measurement with Doppler ultrasound were performed in all patients. Baseline descriptive data and ureteral jet flow angles were compared. Results: There was no significant difference between VUR and control groups in terms of age (p=0.287), gender (p=0.889), and bladder volume (p=0.211). Ureteral jet flow angle was higher in the VUR group on the right side (p=0.001) and on the left side (p<0.001) compared to the control group.
Conclusion: Ureteral jet flow angle can provide clues that can help diagnose VUR. However, more multicenter studies are needed to confirm this new sonographic marker’s validity.
References
- 1. Altobelli E, Gerocarni Nappo S, Guidotti M, Caione P. Vesicoureteral reflux in pediatric age: where are we today? Urologia. 2014;81(2):76-87.
- 2. Hidas G, Billimek J, Nam A, Soltani T, Kelly MS, Selby B, et al. Predicting the risk of breakthrough urinary tract infections: primary vesicoureteral reflux. J Urol. 2015;194(5):1396-401.
- 3. Lee T, Ellimoottil C, Marchetti KA, Banerjee T, Ivančić V, Kraft KH, et al. Impact of clinical guidelines on voiding cystourethrogram use and vesicoureteral reflux incidence. J Urol. 2018;199(3):831-836.
- 4. Mane N, Sharma A, Patil A, Gadekar C, Andankar M, Pathak H. Comparison of contrast-enhancedvoidingurosonographywithvoidingcystourethrography in pediatric vesicoureteral reflux. Turk J Urol. 2018;44(3):261-267.
- 5. Arlen AM, Cooper CS. New trends in voiding cystourethrography and vesicoureteral reflux: Who, when and how? Int J Urol. 2019;26(4):440-445.
- 6. Chua ME, Kim JK, Mendoza JS, Fernandez N, Ming JM, Marson A, et al. The evaluation of vesicoureteral reflux among children using contrast-enhanced ultrasound: a literature review. J Pediatr Urol. 2019;15(1):12-17.
- 7. Papadopoulou F, Ntoulia A, Siomou E, Darge K. Contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography with intravesical administration of a second-generation ultrasound contrast agent for diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux: prospective evaluation of contrast safety in 1,010 children. Pediatr Radiol. 2014;44(6):719-728.
- 8. Koff SA. Estimating bladder capacity in children. Urology. 1983;21(3):248.
- 9. Peters C, Rushton HG. Vesicoureteral reflux associated renal damage: congenital reflux nephropathy and acquired renal scarring. J Urol 2010;184(1):265-73.
- 10. Mohanan N, Colhoun E, Puri P. Renal parenchymal damage in intermediate and high grade infantile vesicoureteral reflux. J Urol. 2008;180(4 Suppl):1635-8.
- 11. Asanuma H, Matsui Z, Satoh H, Asai N, Nukui C, Aoki Y, et al. Color doppler ultrasound evaluation of ureteral jet angle to detect vesicoureteral reflux in children. J Urol. 2016;195(6):1877-82.
- 12. Mahant S, Friedman J, MacArthur C. Renal ultrasound findings and vesicoureteral reflux in children hospitalized with urinary tract infection. Arch Dis Child. 2002;86(6):419-20.