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Multidisipliner Yeni Bir Bilim Dalı: Biyoinformatik ve Tıpta Uygulamaları

Year 2009, Volume: 16 Issue: 3, 41 - 50, 30.09.2009

Abstract

Biyolojik sistemler ve olaylar hakkında toplanan bilgilerin sağlıklı biçimde değerlendirilmesi; biyoloji yanında biyokimya, kimya ve tıp ile bilişim bilimleri, matematik ve istatistiğin entegrasyonunun sonucu doğan yeni ve interdisipliner bir bilim dalı olan biyoinformatik sayesinde mümkündür. Biyoinformatik, biyolojik problemlerin çözümünde bilişim teknolojilerinin kullanılması esasına dayanmaktadır ve biyolojik olayların moleküler düzeyde açıklanmasına yardımcı olmaktadır. Biyoinformatik, biyolojik bilgilerin yaratılması ve saklanması için veritabanlarının oluşturulmasıdır.
Biyoinformatik medikal bilimlerde çok önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Medikal bilimlerde son yıllardaki uygulamalar gen ekspresyon analizleri üzerine yoğunlaşmıştır. Genellikle farklı hastalıklardan etkilenen hücrelerin ekspresyonları derlenerek, sağlıklı hücrelerinki ile kıyaslanmakta ve aradaki farklılıklardan hastalık teşhisi ve hedef ilaç dizaynında yararlanılmaktadır. Bu sayede ekspresyona uğrayan proteine bağlanabilen bileşiklerin dizaynı ve daha da önemlisi ekspresyon seviyesinde değişime neden olan transkripsiyon regülatörlerinin belirlenmesi mümkündür. Bu bağlamda mikro-array deneyleri gerçekleştirerek, farmakolojik uygulamalarda cevabın değerlendirilmesi ve test edilecek ilaçların toksitesinin tahmininde ön bilgi edinilmesi söz konusudur.
Bu derlemede oldukça yeni bir bilim dalı olan biyoinformatiğin tıpta ve farmakolojide kullanımı açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler : Biyoinformatik, İlaç Dizaynı, Genomik.

Abstract

A new multi-disciplinary scientific branch: Bioinformatics and its applications in medicine

A healthy evaluation of the information gathered on biological systems and incidents is possible due to bioinformatics, a new and interdisciplinary scientific branch growing out of the integration of medicine, biochemistry, chemistry, informatics, math and statistics as well as biology. Bioinformatics is based on making use of informatics technologies in order to solve biological problems and helps biological events to be explained at a molecular level. Bioinformatics is theation of databases in order to create and store biological information.
Bioinformatics play an important role in medical sciences. Recent applications in medical sciences have focused on gene expression analyses. In general, expressions of cells that are affected from different diseases are compiled and compared to those of healthy cells and differences between them are used to diagnose the disease and design the target medicine. Through this, it could be possible to design the components that can be attached the protein subject to expression, and what is more, transcription regulators causing change in expression level can be determined. In this context, what the points at issue are that micro-array experiments are carried out, and response is assessed in pharmacological practices, thus obtaining pre-information on toxicity of the medicines to be tested.
In this compilation, we have tried to explain the use of bioinformatics, a very recent scientific branch, in medicine and pharmacology.

Key Words : Bioinformatics, Medicine designing, Genomic.

References

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  • Gentleman RC, Carey VJ, Bates DM, Bolstad B, Dettling M, Dudoit S. ve ark. Bioconductor: open software development for computational biology and bioinformatics Genome Biology 2004; 5:R80 Volume 5, Issue 10.
  • Collins FS, Morgan M And Patrinos A. The Human Genome Project: Lessons from Large-Scale Biyology, Science 2003; 300,286-290.
  • Hogue CWV. Bioinformatics for Beginners. Trends Biochem. Sci. 2002; 27, 542-543.
  • Brooksbank C, Camon E, Midori AH, Magrane M, Martin MJ, Mulder N, O’Donovan C, Parkinson H, Tuli MA, Apweiler R, Birney E, Brazma A, Henrick K, Lopez R, Stoesser G, Stoehr P. and Cameron G, Nucleic Acids Research, 2003; Vol. 31, No. 1, p:43–50.
  • Critchlow T, Musick R, and Slezak T. Experiences applying meta-data bioinformatics, Information Sciences, 2001; 139,13-17.
  • Harms J, Schuluenzen F, Zarivach R. Protein Structure: experimental and theroretical aspects. FEBS Letters, 2002; 525, p:176-178.
  • Keskin Ö, Gürsoy A, Türkay M. K.Ü.’de Biyoinformatik ve Biliþimsel Biyoloji, 2003; , s: 21- 22.
  • Sayitoðlu M. “Kanser Tedavisine Farmakogenetik Yaklaþým” Türkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci., 2007; 27: 434-441.
  • Hopkins MM, Ibarreta D, Gaisser S, Enzing CM, Ryan J, Matin PA ve ark. Putting pharmacogenetics into practice. Nat Biotechnol 2006;24:403-10.
  • Evans WE, Relling MV. Pharmacogenomics: Translating functional genomics into rational therapeutics. Science 1999; 286:487-91.
  • Cartron G, Dacheux L, Salles G, Solal-Celigny P, Bardos P, Colombat P ve ark. Therapeutic activity of humanized anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody and polymorphism in IgG Fc receptor Fc gammaRIIIa gene. Blood 2002; 99:754-8.
  • Çýrakoðlu B. Genetik Çaðý. Bilim ve Teknik Dergisi, Yeni Ufuklara Eki, 2002; s:1-5.
  • Tolun A. Genetik Çaðý. Bilim ve Teknik Dergisi, Yeni Ufuklara Eki, 2002; s:16-19.
  • Zülâl A. Genom Sonrasý Týp, Bilim ve Teknik Dergisi, Yeni Ufuklara Eki, 2001; s:13.
  • Tatusovaa TA, Maddena TL. BLAST 2 Sequences, a new tool for comparing protein and nucleotide sequences, ,ÊPagesÊ247ʖÊ250.
  • Reff ME, Carner K, Chambers KS, Chinn PC, Leonard JE, Raab R ve ark. Depletion of B cells in vivo by a chimeric mouse human monoclonal antibody to CD20. Blood 1994; 83:435-45.
  • National Center for Biotechnology Information News, 2008; Volume 16 Issue 1 p: 2-4.
  • Eklin PL. Primer on Medikal. Genomics; Bioinformatics. Mayo Clin Proc. 2003; 78:57-64.
Year 2009, Volume: 16 Issue: 3, 41 - 50, 30.09.2009

Abstract

References

  • Bayat A. Science, medicine and the future: Bioinformatics. BMJ, 2002; 324 p: 1018-1022.
  • Luscombe NM, Greenbaum D, Gerstein M. What is bioinformatics? An introduction and overview. Yearbook of Medical Informatics 2001; s:83-85.
  • Telefoncu A. Biyoinformatik I. Biyoinformatik Lisansüstü Yaz Okulu. 2003; s: 3-20, Ýzmir.
  • Mutch DM, Wahli W, Williamson G. Nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics: the emerging faces of nutrition. FASEB J, 2005; 19: 1602- 1616.
  • Russell RB. Genomics and proteomics: all in the same boat, Genome Biology 2002; 3(10): 4034.
  • Burton H, Stewart A. Nutrigenomics: Report of a workshop hosted by The Nuffield Trust and organized by the Public Health Genetics Unit London: The Nuffield Trust 2005; 1-26.
  • Kauwell GPA. Emerging concepts in nutrigenomics: a preview of what is to come. Nutr Clin Pract 2005; 20. 75-87.
  • Feagan L, Rohrer J, Garret A, Amthauer H, Komp E, Johnson D, Hock A, ve ark. Bioinformatics process management: informationflow via a computional journal. Source Code for Biology and Medicine. 2007; 2:9 p: 2-3.
  • Buttle AJ. Challanges in bioinformatics, trende Biotechnol. 2001;19, p:159-160.
  • Jain E. A practical Introduction to Bioinformatics, Trends Biotechnol. 2002; 20, p:226.
  • Gastgeiger E, Gattiker A, Hoogland C, Ivanyi I, Apel RD, Bairoch A. ExPASy: The proteomics server for in-depth protein knowledge and analysis. Nucleic Acids Res. 2003; 31:3784-3788.
  • Kumar S. Bioinformatics. http//www.geocities.com/bioinformaticsweb/, 2005.
  • Gatto ML, The changing face of Bioinformatics, Drug Discov. Today 2003; 8, p: 375-376.
  • Doerry E, Douglas SA, Kirkpatrick AE and Westerfield M. Participatory Design for Widely-Distributed Scientific Communities. Proceedings of the 3rd Conference on Human Factors and the Web 1997.
  • Cebeci Z. Tarým ve Biliþim: Nereden Nereye? Tarýmda Biliþim Teknolojileri 4. Sempozyumu Bildiri Kitabý, 2001; s:21-22, Kahramanmaraþ.
  • Çömlekçioðlu U ve Bayraktaroðlu E. Biyoloji ve Biliþim Teknolojileri, K.S.Ü. Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi, 2001; Cilt: 4, Sayý: 1, Kahramanmaraþ.
  • Gentleman RC, Carey VJ, Bates DM, Bolstad B, Dettling M, Dudoit S. ve ark. Bioconductor: open software development for computational biology and bioinformatics Genome Biology 2004; 5:R80 Volume 5, Issue 10.
  • Collins FS, Morgan M And Patrinos A. The Human Genome Project: Lessons from Large-Scale Biyology, Science 2003; 300,286-290.
  • Hogue CWV. Bioinformatics for Beginners. Trends Biochem. Sci. 2002; 27, 542-543.
  • Brooksbank C, Camon E, Midori AH, Magrane M, Martin MJ, Mulder N, O’Donovan C, Parkinson H, Tuli MA, Apweiler R, Birney E, Brazma A, Henrick K, Lopez R, Stoesser G, Stoehr P. and Cameron G, Nucleic Acids Research, 2003; Vol. 31, No. 1, p:43–50.
  • Critchlow T, Musick R, and Slezak T. Experiences applying meta-data bioinformatics, Information Sciences, 2001; 139,13-17.
  • Harms J, Schuluenzen F, Zarivach R. Protein Structure: experimental and theroretical aspects. FEBS Letters, 2002; 525, p:176-178.
  • Keskin Ö, Gürsoy A, Türkay M. K.Ü.’de Biyoinformatik ve Biliþimsel Biyoloji, 2003; , s: 21- 22.
  • Sayitoðlu M. “Kanser Tedavisine Farmakogenetik Yaklaþým” Türkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci., 2007; 27: 434-441.
  • Hopkins MM, Ibarreta D, Gaisser S, Enzing CM, Ryan J, Matin PA ve ark. Putting pharmacogenetics into practice. Nat Biotechnol 2006;24:403-10.
  • Evans WE, Relling MV. Pharmacogenomics: Translating functional genomics into rational therapeutics. Science 1999; 286:487-91.
  • Cartron G, Dacheux L, Salles G, Solal-Celigny P, Bardos P, Colombat P ve ark. Therapeutic activity of humanized anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody and polymorphism in IgG Fc receptor Fc gammaRIIIa gene. Blood 2002; 99:754-8.
  • Çýrakoðlu B. Genetik Çaðý. Bilim ve Teknik Dergisi, Yeni Ufuklara Eki, 2002; s:1-5.
  • Tolun A. Genetik Çaðý. Bilim ve Teknik Dergisi, Yeni Ufuklara Eki, 2002; s:16-19.
  • Zülâl A. Genom Sonrasý Týp, Bilim ve Teknik Dergisi, Yeni Ufuklara Eki, 2001; s:13.
  • Tatusovaa TA, Maddena TL. BLAST 2 Sequences, a new tool for comparing protein and nucleotide sequences, ,ÊPagesÊ247ʖÊ250.
  • Reff ME, Carner K, Chambers KS, Chinn PC, Leonard JE, Raab R ve ark. Depletion of B cells in vivo by a chimeric mouse human monoclonal antibody to CD20. Blood 1994; 83:435-45.
  • National Center for Biotechnology Information News, 2008; Volume 16 Issue 1 p: 2-4.
  • Eklin PL. Primer on Medikal. Genomics; Bioinformatics. Mayo Clin Proc. 2003; 78:57-64.
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Reviews
Authors

Mümin Polat

Aynur Karahan This is me

Publication Date September 30, 2009
Submission Date November 6, 2009
Published in Issue Year 2009 Volume: 16 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver Polat M, Karahan A. Multidisipliner Yeni Bir Bilim Dalı: Biyoinformatik ve Tıpta Uygulamaları. Med J SDU. 2009;16(3):41-50.

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