Morphologic and Morphometric Analysis of the Greater Palatine Grooves, Crests, and Bridges: A Cone Beam Computed Tomography Study

Year 2022, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 93 - 99, 27.04.2022

Taha Köse , Dilara Nil Günaçar

https://doi.org/10.15311/selcukdentj.930317

Abstract

Background: The study aims to provide information on the location and morphology of the greater palatine groove, crest, and bridge in the hard palate and to improve awareness of these structures.
Methods: Two hundred cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were randomly selected and the existence of the groove/crest/bridge structures was evaluated in the upper first and second molar regions, regardless of dental situations (dentate or edentulous). The grooves were classified as flat (<1.5 mm), shallow (from 1.5 to 3 mm), and deep (> 3 mm). The presence and types of groove were recorded. All data were assessed according to different age groups and sex.
Results: Of the 200 images evaluated, 163 individuals (81.5%) had at least one groove and only 37 (18.5%) had no groove. A total of 737 grooves were detected and the mean depth of the grooves was 2.19±1 mm. The frequency of grooves was significantly higher in dentate regions (p<0.05). In the first and second molar regions, 185 sites (46.25%) and 231 sites (57.75%) had at least one groove, respectively. The most common type was shallow groove (53.18%, 392/737). The higher mean values of groove depth were in the 61-70 and 71-86 years’ age groups.
Conclusion: Palatal groove is not a rare anatomic condition. Physicians should be aware of this structure to prevent damage to the neurovascular structures contained in grooves during surgical procedures in related areas.

Keywords

anatomy, cone-beam computed tomography, hard palate

Supporting Institution

-

Project Number

-

Thanks

-

Palatinal Oluk, Sırt ve Köprü Formasyonlarının Morfolojik ve Morfometrik Analizi: Bir Konik Işınlı Bilgisayarlı Tomografi Çalışması

Abstract

Amaç: Posterior maksillayı içeren dental işlemler öncesinde sert damakta bulunabilecek büyük palatin oluk, sırt ve köprü yapılarının yeri ve morfolojisi hakkında bilgi sahibi olmaktır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Rastgele seçilen 200 konik ışınlı bilgisayarlı tomografi görüntüsü oluk / sırt / köprü yapıların varlığı, dişli olup olmadığına bakılmaksızın 1. ve 2. molar alan için ayrı ayrı taranmıştır. Mevcut oluklar düz (<1,5 mm), sığ (1,5 ila 3 mm) ve derin (> 3 mm) olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca veriler farklı yaş gruplarına ayrılarak oluk varlığı ve türleri açısından değerlendirilmiştir.
Bulgular: 200 hastanın 163'ünde (% 81,5) en az bir oluk vardı ve hastaların sadece 37'sinde (% 18,5) oluk yoktu. Tespit edilen toplam 737 oluğun ortalama derinliği 2,19 ± 1 mm idi. Oluklar dişli alanlara göre dişsiz bölgelerde önemli ölçüde daha fazla idi(p <0,05). 1. ve 2. molar bölgelerinde sırasıyla 185 yer (%46,25) ve 231 yer (%57,75) en az bir oluğa sahipti. En yaygın oluk tipi sığ olarak bulundu. En yüksek ortalama oluk derinliği değerleri 61-70 ve 71-86 yaş gruplarındaydı.
Sonuç: Palatal oluk nadir görülen bir anatomik durum değildir. Bu bölgedeki cerrahi işlemler sırasında olukların içerdiği nörovasküler yapıların zarar görmemesi için klinisyenler bu yapının farkında olmalıdır.

Keywords

anatomi, konik ışınlı bilgisayarlı tomografi, sert damak

Project Number

-

References

• 1. Dave MR, Yagain VK, Anadkat S. A study of the anatomical variations in the position of the greater palatine foramen in adult human skulls and its clinical significance. Int J Morphol 2013;31:578–83.
• 2. Das S, Kim D, Cannon TY, Ebert CS, Senior BA. High-resolution computed tomography analysis of the greater palatine canal. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2006;20:603–8.
• 3. Chen CC, Chen ZX, Yang XD, Zhengg ZW, Li ZP, Huang F, Kon F-Z, Zhang CS. Comparative research of the thin transverse sectional anatomy and the multislice spiral CT on pterygopalatine fossa. Turk Neurosurg 2010;20(2):151–8.
• 4. Hassanali J, Mwaniki D. Palatal analysis and osteology of the hard palate of the Kenyan African skulls. The Anatomical Record 1984;209(2):273-80.
• 5. White SC, Pharoah MJ. Oral Radiology Principles and Interpretation. Mosby Company, St Louis: 2004.
• 6. Miwa Y, Asaumi R, Kawai T, Maeda Y, Sato I. Morphological observation and CBCT of the bony canal structure of the groove and the location of blood vessels and nerves in the palatine of elderly human cadavers. Surg and Radiol Anat 2018;40(2):199-206.
• 7. Landis JR, Koch GG. The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics 1977;33:159–74.
• 8. Klosek SK, Rungruang T. Anatomical study of the greater palatine artery and related structures of the palatal vault: considerations for palate as the subepithelial connective tissue graft donor site. Surg Radiol Anat 2009;31:245–50.
• 9. Cagimni P, Govsa F, Ozer MA, Kazak Z. Computerized analysis of the greater palatine foramen to gain the palatine neurovascular bundle during palatal surgery. Surg and Radiol Anat 2017;39:177–84.
• 10. Monsour P, Huang T. Morphology of the greater palatine grooves of the hard palate: a cone beam computed tomography study. Aust Dent J 2016;61(3):329-32.
• 11. Yu SK, Lee MH, Park BS, Jeon YH, Chung YY, Kim HJ. Topographical relationship of the greater palatine artery and the palatal spine. Significance for periodontal surgery. J Clin Periodontol 2014;41(9):908-13.
• 12. Buff LB, Bürklin T, Eickholz P. Schulte Mönting J, Ratka‐Krüger P. Does harvesting connective tissue grafts from the palate cause persistent sensory dysfunction? A pilot study. Quintessence Int 2009;40:479– 49.
• 13. Fah R, Schatzle M. Complications and adverse patient reactions associated with the surgical insertion and removal of palatal implants: a retrospective study. Clin Oral Implants Res 2014;25:653–8.
• 14. Ling C, Jiang Q, Ding X. Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study on Morphologic Characteristics of the Posterior Region in Hard Palate. J Craniofac Surg 2019;30(3), 921-5.