Determination of radical scavenging activity, secondary metabolite amount, and toxicity of Onopordum bracteatum extracts

Year 2024, Volume: 42 Issue: 5, 1612 - 1620, 04.10.2024

Aytaj Gasimova Ramazan Mammadov , Birsen Atlı , Mehlika Alper

Abstract

In the present study, the antioxidant activities and total secondary metabolite amounts of different extracts (methanol, acetone, and water) obtained from the leaf and flower parts of Onopordum bracteatum, which was collected from Muğla (Türkiye) were determined for the first time. Antioxidant activity studies were performed with DPPH, ABTS, β-Carotene/linole-ic acid, FRAP, and CUPRAC methods. Secondary metabolite assays were carried out in order to determine the total phenolic, total flavonoid, and total tannin contents of the extracts. In addition, the toxicities (Brine shrimp) of water extracts and the anthelmintic effects of methanol and water extracts were investigated. The leaf methanol extract of O. bracteatum with the highest antioxidant activity in all tests, except the FRAP test (DPPH: IC50= 0.26 ± 0.01 mg/mL, ABTS: IC50= 0.19 ± 0.003 mg/mL, β-Carotene/linoleic acid: 72.98 ± 1.31%, CUPRAC: 34.02 ± 1.87 mg TE/g extract, FRAP: 3.96 ± 0.65 mg TE/g extract) used to determine the antioxidant activity was observed to have the highest total phenolic content (5.78 ± 0.24 mg GAE/g extract). The highest total flavonoid (32.17 ± 0.82 mg QE/g extract) and total tannin contents (16.41 ± 1.30 mg CE/g extract) were determined in leaf acetone and flower acetone extracts of O. bracteatum, respectively. Concerning the cytotoxic properties, concentration-dependent activity was seen in O. bracteatum water extracts against brine shrimp. Methanol extracts of O. bracteatum showed better anthelmintic activity than water extracts. The results will provide basic data for studies on the pharmacological and medical use of O. bracteatum.

Keywords

Anthelmint, Antioxidant, Brine Shrimp, Onopordum bracteatum, Secondary Metabolite

References

• REFERENCES
• [1] Pagare S, Bhatia M, Tripathi N, Pagare S, Bansal YK. Secondary Metabolites of Plants and their Role: Overview. Curr Trends Biotechnol Pharm 2015;9:293304.
• [2] Chikezie PC, Ibegbulem CO, Mbagwu FN. Medicinal potentials and toxicity concerns of bioactive principles. Med Aromat Plants 2015;4:115. [CrossRef]
• [3] Ülger TG, Ayhan NY. Functionel Effects of Plant Secondary Metabolites on Health. Acıbadem Üniv Sağlık Bilim Derg 2020;3:384390.
• [4] Mammadov R. Serbest Radikaller ve Antioksidanlar. Ankara, TR: Akademisyen Kitabevi: 2020. [CrossRef]
• [5] Alper M, Özay C, Güneş H, Mammadov R. Assessment of Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities and Identification of Phenolic Compounds of Centaurea solstitialis and Urospermum picroides from Türkiye. Braz Arch Biol Technol 2021;64. [CrossRef]
• [6] Sen S, Chakraborty R. The role of antioxidants in human health. In Oxidative stress: diagnostics, prevention, and therapy. Am Chem Soc 2011;1:137. [CrossRef]
• [7] Jackson F. Anthelmintic resistance the state of play. Br Vet J 1993;149:123138. [CrossRef]
• [8] Tan AC, Konczak I, Sze DMY, Ramzan I. Molecular pathways for cancer chemoprevention by dietary phytochemicals. Nutr Cancer 2011;63:495505. [CrossRef]
• [9] Doğan C, Sorkun K. Pollenanalysis of honeysfrom Central, Easternand Southeastern Anatolia in Türkiye. Hacettepe Bull Nat Sci Eng 1999;28:3550.
• [10] Davis PH. Flora of Türkiye and the East Aegean Islands. Edinburgh: Edinburgh Uni. Press; 1965-1985.
• [11] Davis PH, Mill RR, Tan K. Flora of Türkiye and The East Aegean Islands. Edinburgh, UK: Edinburgh University Press; 1988.
• [12] Güner A, Özhatay N, Ekim T, Başer KHC. Flora of Türkiye. Edinburgh, UK: Edinburgh University Press; 2000.
• [13] Jeffrey C. Compositae: Introduction with key to tribes. Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, Flowering Plants, Eudicots, Asterales. Berlin, D: Springer-Verlag; 2007.
• [14] Susanna A, Garcia-Jacas N. Tribe Cardueae. in: The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, Flowering Plants. Eudicots. Asterales. Berlin and Heidelberg, D: Springer; 2007.
• [15] Baytop T. Türkçe Bitki Adları Sözlüğü. Ankara, TR: Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 2015.
• [16] Özbek U. Onopordum L. In: Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler). İstanbul, TR: Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını; 2012.
• [17] Rolnik A, Olas B. The plants of the Asteraceae family as agents in the protection of human health. Int J Mol Sci 2021;22:3009. [CrossRef]
• [18] El-Najjar N, Saliba N, Talhouk S, Gali-Muhtasib H. Onopordum cynarocephalum induces apoptosis and protects against 1, 2 dimethylhydrazine-induced colon cancer. Oncol Rep 2007;17:15171523. [CrossRef]
• [19] Roselli M, Fernando RI, Guadagni F, Spila A, Alessandroni J, Palmirotta R, et al. Brachyury, a driver of the epithelial–mesenchymal transition, is overexpressed in human lung tumors: an opportunity for novel interventions against lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2012;18:38683879. [CrossRef]
• [20] Abd El-Moaty HI, Wanas AS, Radwan MM, Desoukey SY. Glycosides of Onopordum alexandrinum Boiss. and its Central Nervous System (CNS) and Some Biological Activities. Int J Pharmacogn Phytochem Res 2016;8:10881098.
• [21] Mammadov R, Ili P, Ertem Vaizogulları H, Afacan Makascı A. Antioxidant Activity and Total Phenolic Content of Gagea fibrosa and Romulea ramiflora. Iran J Chem and Chem Eng 2011;30:5762.
• [22] Brand-Williams W, Cuvelier ME, Berset C. Use of a Free Radical Method to Evaluate Antioxidant Activity. Lebensm Wiss u-Technol 1995;28:2530. [CrossRef]
• [23] Re R, Pellegrini N, Proteggente A, Pannala A, Yang M, Rice EC. Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radic Biol Med 1999;26:12311237. [CrossRef]
• [24] Amin İ, Zamaliah MM, Chin WF. Total antioxidant activity and phenolic content in selected vegetables. Food Chem 2004;87:58. [CrossRef]
• [25] Amarowicz R, Pegg RB, Rahimi-Moghaddam P, Barl B, Weil JA. Free-radical scavenging capacity and antioxidant activity of selected plant species from the Canadian prairies. Food Chem 2004;84:551562. [CrossRef] [26] Apak R, Guclu K, Ozyurek M, Karademir SE. Novel total antioxidant capacity ındex for dietary polyphenols and vitamins C and E, using their cupric ion reducing capability in the presence of neocuproine: CUPRAC method. J Agr Food Chem 2004;52:79707981. [CrossRef]
• [27] Benzie I, Strain J. The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a Measure of antioxidant power: The FRAP assay. Anal Biochem 1996;239:7076. [CrossRef]
• [28] Singleton VL, Orthofer R, Lamuela-Raventós RM. Analysis of total phenols and other oxidation substrates and antioxidants by means of folin-ciocalteu reagent. Meth Enzymol 1999;299:152178. [CrossRef]
• [29] Arvouet-Grand A, Vennat B, Pourrat A, Legret P. Standardization of propolis extract and identification of principal constituents. J Pharm Belg 1994;49:462468.
• [30] Bekir J, Mars M, Souchard JP, & Bouajila J. Assessment of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cholinesterase and cytotoxic activities of pomegranate (Punica granatum) leaves. Food Chem Toxicol 2013;55:470475. [CrossRef]
• [31] Cigdem, A., Ramazan, M., & Mahmudcon, D. Biological activities, phenolic constituents and of various extracts of cyclamen coum tubers and leaves from Türkiye. Chemistry of Plant Raw Materials 2023:255263. [CrossRef]
• [32] Dash GK, Suresh P, Sahu SK, Kar DM, Ganapaty S, Panda SB. Evaluation of Evolvulus alsinoides Linn. for anthelmintic and antimicrobial activities. J Nat Remedies 2022;2:182185.
• [33] Singh DB, Pathak RK, Rai D. From traditional herbal medicine to rational drug discovery: strategies, challenges, and future perspectives. Rev Bras Farmacogn 2022;32:147159. [CrossRef]
• [34] Bursal E, Köksal E, Gülçin İ, Bilsel G, Gören AC. Antioxidant activity and polyphenol content of cherry stem (Cerasus avium L.) determined by LC–MS/MS. Food Res Int 2013;51:6674. [CrossRef]
• [35] Habibatni S, Zohra AF, Khalida H, Anwar S, Mansi I, Awadh Ali NA. In vitro antioxidant, Xanthine oxidase-inhibitory and in vivo Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic activity of Onopordum acanthium. Int J Phytomed 2017;9:92100. [CrossRef]
• [36] Bouazzi S, El Mokni R, Nakbi H, Dhaouadi H, Joshi RK, Hammami S. Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of essential oils and hexane extract of Onopordum arenarium from Tunisia. J Chromatogr Sci 2020;58:287293. [CrossRef] [37] Tepe AS. Chemical composition, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activity of Onopordum caricum. Rec Nat Prod 2022;16:172181. [CrossRef]
• [38] Mammadov R, Düşen O, Uysal (Demir) D, Köse, E. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of extracts from tubers and leaves of Colchicum balansae Planchon. J Med Plant Res 2009;3:767770.
• [39] Iloki-Assanga SB, Lewis-Luján LM, Lara-Espinoza CL, Gil-Salido AA, Fernandez-Angulo D, Rubio-Pino JL, Haines DD. Solvent effects on phytochemical constituent profiles and antioxidant activities, using four different extraction formulations for analysis of Bucida buceras L. and Phoradendron californicum. BMC Res Notes 2015;8:114. [CrossRef]
• [40] Salama MM, Ezzat SM, Sleem AA. A new hepatoprotective flavone glycoside from the flowers of Onopordum alexandrinum growing in Egypt. Z. Naturforsch C 2011;66:251259. [CrossRef]
• [41] Abd-Allah WES, Radwan HM, Shams K A, Ismail SI, Ali SM. The lipid and volatile oil of the seed and aerial parts of Onopordum alexandrinum Boiss. growing in Egypt and their antioxidant activity. Egyp Pharm J 2012;11:49.
• [42] Angelov G, Georgieva S, Petkova-Parlapanska K. Antioxidant activity of extracts from cotton thistle (Onopordum acanthium L.). Sci Technol 2012;2:1923.
• [43] Parzhanova AB, Petkova NT, Ivanov IG, Ivanova SD. Evaluation of biologically active substance and antioxidant potential of medicinal plants extracts for food and cosmetic purposes. J Pharm Sci Res 2018;10:18041809.
• [44] Oueslati MA, Gunenc A, Rigane G, Ghazghazi H, Valencia C, Salem RB, et al. Chemical composition, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of Onopordum acanthium L. Crude oil and defatted meal. Rev Roum Chim 2019;64:503510. [CrossRef]
• [45] Valizadeh E, Zonouz NF, Zand A, Shahbazi S, Malekian A. Evaluation of antioxidant potentials of extracts of cotton thistle ('Onopordum leptolepis' DC.) obtained by various solvents. Aust J Crop Sci 2011;5:11631166.
• [46] Baştürk A, Peker S. Antioxidant Capacity, Fatty Acid Profile and Volatile Components of the Onopordum Anatolicum and Onopordum Heteracanthum Species Seeds Grown in Van, Türkiye. J Inst Sci Technol 2021;11:28102822. [CrossRef]
• [47] Petkova N, Mihaylova D. Flower heads of Onopordum tauricum Willd. and Carduus acanthoides L–source of prebiotics and antioxidants. Emir J Food Agric 2016;28:732736. [CrossRef]
• [48] Olszowy M. What is responsible for antioxidant properties of polyphenolic compounds from plants?. Plant Physiol Biochem 2019;144:135143. [CrossRef]
• [49] Mihaylova D, Georgieva L, Pavlov A. In vitro antioxidant activity and phenolic composition of Nepeta cataria L. extracts. Int J Agric Technol 2013;1:7479.
• [50] Ozay C, Mammadov R. Screening of some biological activities of Alyssum fulvescens var. fulvescens known as Ege madwort. Acta Biol Hung 2017;68:310320. [CrossRef]
• [51] Aryal S, Baniya MK, Danekhu K, Kunwar P, Gurung R, Koirala N. Total phenolic content, flavonoid content and antioxidant potential of wild vegetables from Western Nepal. Plants 2019;8:96. [CrossRef]
• [52] Koc S, Isgor BS, Isgor YG, Shomali Moghaddam N, Yildirim O. The potential medicinal value of plants from Asteraceae family with antioxidant defense enzymes as biological targets. Pharm Biol 2015;53:746751. [CrossRef]
• [53] Sharififar F, Moshafi MH, Dehghan-Nudehe G, Ameri A, Alishahi F, Pourhemati A. Bioassay screening of the essential oil and various extracts from 4 spices medicinal plants. Pak J Pharm Sci 2009;22:317322.
• [54] Choudhary MI, Thomsen WJ. Bioassay techniques for drug development. Florida, USA: CRC Press; 2001.
• [55] Meyer BN, Ferrigni NR, Putnam JE, Jacobsen LB, Nichols DE, McLaughlin JL. Brine Shrimp: A convenient general bioassay for active plant constituents. Plant Med 1982;45:3134. [CrossRef]
• [56] Osukoya O, Fadaka A, Adewale O, Oluloye O, Ojo O, Ajiboye B, ... Kuku A. In vitro anthelmintic and antioxidant activities of the leaf extracts of Theobroma cacao L. AIMS Agric Food 2019;4:568577. [CrossRef]
• [57] Kaska A, Deniz N, Çiçek M, Mammadov R. Evaluation of antioxidant properties, phenolic compounds, anthelmintic, and cytotoxic activities of various extracts isolated from Nepeta cadmea: an endemic plant for Türkiye. J Food Sci 2018; 201883:15521559. [CrossRef]
• [58] Olivaro C, Escobal M, de Souza G, Mederos A. Chemical characterisation and in vitr o anthelmintic activity of phenolic-rich extracts from the leaves and branches of Maytenus ilicifolia, a native plant from South America. Nat Pro Res 2022;36:31683172. [CrossRef]
• [59] Tchetan E, Olounladé PA, Azando EVB, Khaliq HA, Ortiz S, Houngbeme A, et al. Anthelmintic activity, cytotoxicity, and phytochemical screening of plants used to treat digestive parasitosis of small ruminants in Benin (West Africa). Animals 2022;12:2718. [CrossRef]