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Deciphering the Strategic Codes of Organizing: Political Undertones in Orwell’s Animal Farm

Year 2024, Volume: 33 Issue: 1, 169 - 185, 19.04.2024
https://doi.org/10.26650/siyasal.2024.33.1379600

Abstract

This study aims to understand the strategic foundations of organizing within the context of political behavior. Organizing, whether viewed through a sociological lens or analyzed through the dynamics of power inside an organization, is an unavoidable need that necessitates skilled management. A comprehensive survey of the available literature shows notable publications that provide light on this topic. Notably, “Animal Farm,” George Orwell’s classic, was meticulously analyzed using qualitative data analysis paradigms. This investigation resulted in creating a conceptual framework outlining the organizational strategic principles. During this investigation, important themes developed that addressed topics such as: What causes an organization to form? What fundamental processes are at work? How is the current order modified? What motivational techniques are used? What shape is the emergent structure taking? What measures assure its longterm viability? How do standard unfreeze-change-refreeze sequences work? What causes the redesigned system to fail? According to these results, the study provides expanded insights useful for academic discourse and entities dealing with organizational complexities. Also, this intersection of literature study with in-depth qualitative analysis promises a more nuanced understanding, essential for scholars and practitioners negotiating the junction of politics and organizational behavior.

References

  • Adams, J. S. (1965). Inequity in social exchange. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 2, 267-299. google scholar
  • Albloly, A. M., & Nour, H. S. M. (2019). The Portrayal of Political Symbolism in George Orwell Writings: With Reference to Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty-Four. The International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention, 6(9): 5642-5648. google scholar
  • Altıparmak, İ. B., & Durakoğlu, A. (2021). “Hayvan Çiftliği” adli eseri bağlaminda George Orwell’ın tarihi ve sosyolojik tespitlerini değerlendirmek [ Evaluating the history and sociological findings of Geroge Orwell in the context of the work “Animal Farm” ]. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 10(3), 1910-1922. google scholar
  • Aronson, E., & Cope, V. (1968). My enemy’s enemy is my friend. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 8(1), 8-12. google scholar
  • Barnard, C. I. (1938). The Functions of the Executive. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. google scholar
  • Bozkurt, K., Günay, A., & Çelik, R. (2018). Hayvan Çiftliği romanındaki ast üst ilişkilerinin efendi-köle diyalektiği bağlamında incelenmesi [An investigation of superior-subordinate relationships in animal farm novel as part of master-slave dialectic]. Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi, 17. UİK Özel Sayısı , 319-332. google scholar
  • Carr, C. L. (2010). Orwell, Politics, and Power. New York London. Continuum. google scholar
  • Carter, T. N. (1974). Group Psychological Phenomena of a Political System as Satirized in “Animal Farm”: An Application of the Theories of W. R. Bion. Human Relations, 27(6), 525-546. google scholar
  • Cook, G.H., Ferris, G.R., & Dulebohn, J.H. (1999). Political behaviors as moderators of the perceptions of organizational politics-work outcomes relationships. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 20(7), 1093-1105. google scholar
  • Cropanzano, R., Howes, J. C., Grandey, A. A., & Toth, P. (1997). The Relationship of organizational politics and support to work behaviors, attitudes, and stress. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 18(2), 159-80. google scholar
  • Durrah, O. (2020). Injustice perception and work alienation: exploring the mediating role of employee’s cynicism in healthcare sector. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(9), 811-824. google scholar
  • Elliott, R., & Timulak, L. (2005). Descriptive and interpretive approaches to qualitative research. A Handbook of Research Methods for Clinical and Health Psychology, 1(7), 147-159. google scholar
  • Etzioni, A. (1964). Modern Organizations. New Jersey: Prentice- Englewood Cliff. google scholar
  • Fajrina, D. (2016). Character Metaphors in George Orwell’s Animal Farm. Studies in English Language and Education, 3(1), 79-88. google scholar
  • Farrell, D., & Petersen, J. C. (1982). Patterns of political behavior in organizations. The Academy ofManagement Review, Jul.,7, 403-412. google scholar
  • Fidan, İ. (2018). Hayvan çiftliği [Animal Farm]. Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(6), 184-189. google scholar
  • Fischer, J. M., & Ravizza, M. (1991). Responsibility and inevitability. Ethics, 101(2), 258-278. google scholar
  • Glover, J. (1970). On responsibility. New York: Humanities Press. google scholar
  • Guba, E. G., & Lincoln, Y. S. (1994). Competing paradigms in qualitative research. Handbook of Qualitative Research, 2, 163-194. google scholar
  • Hicks, H.G., & Gullet, C.R. (1975). Organizations: theory and behavior. New York: McGraw-Hill. google scholar
  • Hussain, S. T., Lei, S., Akram, T., Haider, M. J., Hussain, S. H., & Ali, M. (2018). Kurt Lewin’s change model: a critical review of the role of leadership and employee involvement in organizational change. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 3(3), 123-127. google scholar
  • Ingle, S. (1993). George Orwell: A Political Life. England: Manchester University Press. google scholar
  • Iverson, G.L., Terry, D.P., Karr, J.E., Panenka, W.J., &. Silverberg, N.D. (2018). Perceived injustice and its correlates after mild traumatic brain injury. Journal of Neurotrauma, May, 1156-1166. google scholar
  • Jones, D. (2008). Getting even with one’s supervisor and one’s organization: relationships among types of injustice, desires for revenge, and counterproductive work behaviors. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30, 525-542. google scholar
  • Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: an expanded sourcebook. Thousand Oaks: CA Sage Publications. google scholar
  • Mintzberg, H. (1983). Power in and around organizations. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc. google scholar
  • Mintzberg, H. (1985). The Organization as political arena. Journal of Management Studies, 22(2), 133-154. google scholar
  • Orwell, G. (1945). Hayvan Çiftliği [Animal Farm] (C. Üster, Trans.). İstanbul: Can Yayınları. google scholar
  • Pansardi, P. (2012). Power to and power over: Two distinct concepts of power?. Journal of Political Power, 5 (1): 73-89. google scholar
  • Parker, C. P., Dipboye, R. L., & Jackson, S. L. (1995). Perceptions of organizational politics: an investigation of antecedents and consequences. Journal ofManagement, 21(5), 891-912. google scholar
  • Parsons, T. (1956). Suggestions for a sociological approach to the theory of organizations-I. Administrative Science Quarterly, 1, 63-85. google scholar
  • Robbins, S. P. (1989). Organizational behavior: concepts, controversies and applications. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc. google scholar
  • Robbins, S. P., Decenzo, D.A., & Coulter, M. (2010). Fundamentals of management: essentials concepts and application. 7th Edition, Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, Inc. google scholar
  • Ryan, M. (1984). Theories of power. In A. Kakabadse C. Parker (Eds.), Power, politics and organizations: a behavioral science view, (pp. 21-45). New York: John Wiley & Sons. google scholar
  • Schein, V. E. (1977). Individual power and political behaviors in organizations: an inadequately explored reality. Academy ofManagement Review, 2: 64-72. google scholar
  • Skarlicki, D., Van Jaarsveld, D., & Walker, D. (2008). Getting even for customer mistreatment: the role of moral identity in the relationship between customer interpersonal injustice and employee sabotage. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(6), 1335-1347. google scholar
  • Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1990). Basics of qualitative research techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. London: Sage Publications. google scholar
  • Strelan, P., Weick, M., & Vasiljevic, M. (2014). Power and revenge. British Journal ofSocial Psychology, 53(3): 521-540. google scholar
  • Turna, M. (2020). Hayvan çiftliği romanında alegori [Allegory in animal farm novel]. Edebi Eleştiri Dergisi, 4(1), 38-57. google scholar
  • Werther, W. B. (1987). Loyalty: Cross-organizational comparisons and patterns. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 8(2), 3-6. google scholar
  • Xie, T. (2020). An Analysis of Political Allegory in Animal Farm: from the Perspective of Animal Metaphor. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, (Proceedings of the 2020 3rd International Conference on Humanities Education and Social Sciences), 496, 219-224. google scholar
  • Zaleznik, A. (1970). Power and politics in organizational life. Harvard Business Review, 48(3), 47-60. google scholar

Örgütlenmenin Stratejik Kodlarını Çözmek: Orwell’in Hayvan Çiftliğindeki Siyasi Tonlar

Year 2024, Volume: 33 Issue: 1, 169 - 185, 19.04.2024
https://doi.org/10.26650/siyasal.2024.33.1379600

Abstract

Bu çalışma politik davranış bağlamında örgütlenmenin stratejik temellerini anlamayı amaçlamaktadır. İster sosyolojik bir bakış açısıyla bakılsın ister bir organizasyon içindeki güç dinamikleri üzerinden analiz edilsin, örgütlenme, yetenekli yönetim gerektiren kaçınılmaz bir ihtiyaçtır. Mevcut literatür kapsamlı bir şekilde incelendiğinde, konuya ilişkin önemli yayınlara rastlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda George Orwell’in klasiği olan “Hayvan Çiftliği” değerlendirmeye alınmış ve nitel veri analizi paradigmaları kullanılarak titizlikle analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma, örgütsel stratejik ilkelerin ana hatlarını çizen kavramsal bir çerçevenin oluşturulmasıyla sonuçlanmıştır. Araştırma sırasında şu konuları ele alan önemli temalar geliştirilmiştir: Bir örgütlenmenin oluşmasına ne sebep olur? Hangi temel süreçler iş başında yer alır? Mevcut düzen nasıl değiştirilir? Hangi motivasyon teknikleri kullanılıyor? Ortaya çıkan yapı nasıl şekillendiriliyor? Hangi önlemler onun uzun vadeli sürdürülebilirliğini garanti ediyor? Standart çözme-değiştirme-yeniden dondurma dizileri nasıl çalışıyor? Yeniden tasarlanan sistemin başarısız olmasına ne sebep oluyor? Bu sonuçlara göre araştırma, akademik söylem ve örgütsel karmaşıklıklarla uğraşan kuruluşlar için yararlı genişletilmiş bilgiler sunmaktadır. Ayrıca literatür ile niteliksel analizin bu şekilde kesişmesi, politik ve örgütsel davranış kavşağını müzakere eden akademisyenler ve uygulayıcılar için gerekli olan daha incelikli bir anlayış vaat etmektedir.

References

  • Adams, J. S. (1965). Inequity in social exchange. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 2, 267-299. google scholar
  • Albloly, A. M., & Nour, H. S. M. (2019). The Portrayal of Political Symbolism in George Orwell Writings: With Reference to Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty-Four. The International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention, 6(9): 5642-5648. google scholar
  • Altıparmak, İ. B., & Durakoğlu, A. (2021). “Hayvan Çiftliği” adli eseri bağlaminda George Orwell’ın tarihi ve sosyolojik tespitlerini değerlendirmek [ Evaluating the history and sociological findings of Geroge Orwell in the context of the work “Animal Farm” ]. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 10(3), 1910-1922. google scholar
  • Aronson, E., & Cope, V. (1968). My enemy’s enemy is my friend. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 8(1), 8-12. google scholar
  • Barnard, C. I. (1938). The Functions of the Executive. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. google scholar
  • Bozkurt, K., Günay, A., & Çelik, R. (2018). Hayvan Çiftliği romanındaki ast üst ilişkilerinin efendi-köle diyalektiği bağlamında incelenmesi [An investigation of superior-subordinate relationships in animal farm novel as part of master-slave dialectic]. Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi, 17. UİK Özel Sayısı , 319-332. google scholar
  • Carr, C. L. (2010). Orwell, Politics, and Power. New York London. Continuum. google scholar
  • Carter, T. N. (1974). Group Psychological Phenomena of a Political System as Satirized in “Animal Farm”: An Application of the Theories of W. R. Bion. Human Relations, 27(6), 525-546. google scholar
  • Cook, G.H., Ferris, G.R., & Dulebohn, J.H. (1999). Political behaviors as moderators of the perceptions of organizational politics-work outcomes relationships. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 20(7), 1093-1105. google scholar
  • Cropanzano, R., Howes, J. C., Grandey, A. A., & Toth, P. (1997). The Relationship of organizational politics and support to work behaviors, attitudes, and stress. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 18(2), 159-80. google scholar
  • Durrah, O. (2020). Injustice perception and work alienation: exploring the mediating role of employee’s cynicism in healthcare sector. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(9), 811-824. google scholar
  • Elliott, R., & Timulak, L. (2005). Descriptive and interpretive approaches to qualitative research. A Handbook of Research Methods for Clinical and Health Psychology, 1(7), 147-159. google scholar
  • Etzioni, A. (1964). Modern Organizations. New Jersey: Prentice- Englewood Cliff. google scholar
  • Fajrina, D. (2016). Character Metaphors in George Orwell’s Animal Farm. Studies in English Language and Education, 3(1), 79-88. google scholar
  • Farrell, D., & Petersen, J. C. (1982). Patterns of political behavior in organizations. The Academy ofManagement Review, Jul.,7, 403-412. google scholar
  • Fidan, İ. (2018). Hayvan çiftliği [Animal Farm]. Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(6), 184-189. google scholar
  • Fischer, J. M., & Ravizza, M. (1991). Responsibility and inevitability. Ethics, 101(2), 258-278. google scholar
  • Glover, J. (1970). On responsibility. New York: Humanities Press. google scholar
  • Guba, E. G., & Lincoln, Y. S. (1994). Competing paradigms in qualitative research. Handbook of Qualitative Research, 2, 163-194. google scholar
  • Hicks, H.G., & Gullet, C.R. (1975). Organizations: theory and behavior. New York: McGraw-Hill. google scholar
  • Hussain, S. T., Lei, S., Akram, T., Haider, M. J., Hussain, S. H., & Ali, M. (2018). Kurt Lewin’s change model: a critical review of the role of leadership and employee involvement in organizational change. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 3(3), 123-127. google scholar
  • Ingle, S. (1993). George Orwell: A Political Life. England: Manchester University Press. google scholar
  • Iverson, G.L., Terry, D.P., Karr, J.E., Panenka, W.J., &. Silverberg, N.D. (2018). Perceived injustice and its correlates after mild traumatic brain injury. Journal of Neurotrauma, May, 1156-1166. google scholar
  • Jones, D. (2008). Getting even with one’s supervisor and one’s organization: relationships among types of injustice, desires for revenge, and counterproductive work behaviors. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30, 525-542. google scholar
  • Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: an expanded sourcebook. Thousand Oaks: CA Sage Publications. google scholar
  • Mintzberg, H. (1983). Power in and around organizations. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc. google scholar
  • Mintzberg, H. (1985). The Organization as political arena. Journal of Management Studies, 22(2), 133-154. google scholar
  • Orwell, G. (1945). Hayvan Çiftliği [Animal Farm] (C. Üster, Trans.). İstanbul: Can Yayınları. google scholar
  • Pansardi, P. (2012). Power to and power over: Two distinct concepts of power?. Journal of Political Power, 5 (1): 73-89. google scholar
  • Parker, C. P., Dipboye, R. L., & Jackson, S. L. (1995). Perceptions of organizational politics: an investigation of antecedents and consequences. Journal ofManagement, 21(5), 891-912. google scholar
  • Parsons, T. (1956). Suggestions for a sociological approach to the theory of organizations-I. Administrative Science Quarterly, 1, 63-85. google scholar
  • Robbins, S. P. (1989). Organizational behavior: concepts, controversies and applications. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc. google scholar
  • Robbins, S. P., Decenzo, D.A., & Coulter, M. (2010). Fundamentals of management: essentials concepts and application. 7th Edition, Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, Inc. google scholar
  • Ryan, M. (1984). Theories of power. In A. Kakabadse C. Parker (Eds.), Power, politics and organizations: a behavioral science view, (pp. 21-45). New York: John Wiley & Sons. google scholar
  • Schein, V. E. (1977). Individual power and political behaviors in organizations: an inadequately explored reality. Academy ofManagement Review, 2: 64-72. google scholar
  • Skarlicki, D., Van Jaarsveld, D., & Walker, D. (2008). Getting even for customer mistreatment: the role of moral identity in the relationship between customer interpersonal injustice and employee sabotage. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(6), 1335-1347. google scholar
  • Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1990). Basics of qualitative research techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. London: Sage Publications. google scholar
  • Strelan, P., Weick, M., & Vasiljevic, M. (2014). Power and revenge. British Journal ofSocial Psychology, 53(3): 521-540. google scholar
  • Turna, M. (2020). Hayvan çiftliği romanında alegori [Allegory in animal farm novel]. Edebi Eleştiri Dergisi, 4(1), 38-57. google scholar
  • Werther, W. B. (1987). Loyalty: Cross-organizational comparisons and patterns. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 8(2), 3-6. google scholar
  • Xie, T. (2020). An Analysis of Political Allegory in Animal Farm: from the Perspective of Animal Metaphor. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, (Proceedings of the 2020 3rd International Conference on Humanities Education and Social Sciences), 496, 219-224. google scholar
  • Zaleznik, A. (1970). Power and politics in organizational life. Harvard Business Review, 48(3), 47-60. google scholar
There are 42 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Political Science (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Yunus Emre Taşgit 0000-0003-2176-1733

Zülkif Dağlı 0000-0002-8188-4420

Publication Date April 19, 2024
Submission Date October 23, 2023
Acceptance Date February 9, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 33 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Taşgit, Y. E., & Dağlı, Z. (2024). Deciphering the Strategic Codes of Organizing: Political Undertones in Orwell’s Animal Farm. Siyasal: Journal of Political Sciences, 33(1), 169-185. https://doi.org/10.26650/siyasal.2024.33.1379600