miRNA Biyogenezi ve Kanser Patogenezindeki Fonksiyonu

Year 2016, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 0 - 0, 24.06.2016

İlknur Çınar , Hatice Gül Dursun

Abstract

Amaç: Küçük kodlamayan RNA molekülleri olan miRNA’lar, yaklaşık 22 nükleotit uzunluğundadırlar. Gen ifadesinin transkripsiyonel ve post-transkripsiyonel düzenlenmesinde fonksiyon gösteren bu moleküller gelişimsel zamanlama, embriyogenez, hücre farklılaşması, organogenez, metabolizma, apoptozis gibi biyolojik süreçlerde ve kanserin de yer aldığı birçok hastalıkta önemli rol oynamaktadır. Kanser gibi proliferatif hastalıkların oluşumunda miRNA disregülasyonunun katkısı olabileceği düşünülmektedir. miRNA’lar hedef genlerinin tümör oluşumundaki rollerine dayanılarak onkogenik ya da tümör baskılayıcı miRNA’lar olarak isimlendirilebilir. Kanserin teşhisine yardımcı olan kan temelli tümör marker’larının özellikle tümör evrelerinin belirlenmesinde düşük duyarlılık gösterdiği bilinmektedir. Düzenleyici mRNA ekspresyon profillerinin aksine, doku miRNA marker’ları kanserin belirlenmesi ve evrelendirilmesinde daha güvenilir olduğu görülmektedir. Bu nedenle dolaşımdaki miRNA’lar kanserin tanı ve prognozu için ideal bir biomarker sınıfı olarak öne çıkmaktadır. ddd lvl ;

Anahtar Kelimeler: Kanser biyobelirteçleri; miRNA; onkogen; tümör baskılayıcı gen.

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