COVID-19 Disease and Its Effect On The Follow-Up Of Allergic And Immunologic Diseases

Year 2020, Volume: 10 Issue: 3, 514 - 519, 15.09.2020

Elif Şeker , Ayşegül Pala , Öner Özdemir

https://doi.org/10.31832/smj.731345

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a global pandemic, causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although there may be mild symptoms such as cold in the clinical presentation, it can lead to acute lower respiratory tract infection such as bronchitis and pneumonia and to more severe conditions (e.g. severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multi-organ failure causing death). Controlling symptoms is the primary goal in the treatment of COVID-19, and oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation can be used if necessary. Within the scope of COVID-19 measures, face-to-face interviews with patients were restricted due to social isolation and a priority algorithm was created according to the patients' conditions. Most allergy / immunology visits (except for those with immunodeficiency, venom therapy, or severe asthma) were postponed or started to be given as telemedicine or home care. However, there are not currently explained the exact link between COVID-19 and allergic diseases but there also are not enough studies in the literature. In this study, we focus on the relationship between COVID-19 and different allergic and immunological diseases in the light of current literature studies.

Keywords

SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, allergy, immunology

COVID-19 Hastalığı ve Allerjik/İmmünolojik Hastalıkların Takibi Üzerine Etkisi

Abstract

Ağır
akut solunum sendromu koronavirüsü 2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Coronavirus-2; SARS-CoV-2), 2019 koronavirüs hastalığı (COVID-19)’na neden
olarak global pandemi haline geldi. Klinik tablosu soğuk algınlığı gibi hafif
semptomlara neden olduğu gibi bronşit, pnömoni gibi alt solunum yollarına ve
daha ağır durumlara da (ağır akut solunum sıkıntısı sendromu [ARDS] ve ölümle
sonuçlanan çoklu-organ yetmezliği gibi) yol açabilir. COVID-19 tedavisinde
semptomları kontrol altına alma temel amaç olup gerektiğinde oksijen tedavisi
ve mekanik ventilasyon uygulanabilir. COVID-19 önlemleri kapsamında sosyal
izolasyon nedeniyle hastalarla yüz yüze görüşmeler kısıtlandı ve hastaların
durumlarına göre öncelik algoritması oluşturuldu. Çoğu alerji/immünoloji
vizitleri (immün yetmezliği, venom tedavisi veya ağır astımı olanlar hariç)
ertelendi veya telefonda tedavi veya evde bakım tedavisi olarak verilmeye başlandı.
Ancak günümüzde halen COVID-19 ve alerjik hastalıklar arasındaki bağlantı tam
olarak aydınlatılmamış ve literatürde yeterli çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Bu
derlemede amacımız COVID-19 ve farklı alerjik ve immünolojik hastalıkların
ilişkisini güncel literatür çalışmaları ışığında ortaya koymaya çalışmaktır.

Keywords

SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, alerji, immünoloji

References

• 1. World Health Organization (WHO). Coronavirus disease (COVID-2019) situation reports. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports. Accessed March 11, 2020.
• 2. On-2019-ncov-on-11-february-2020, World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-remarks-at-the-media-briefing. (Accessed March 19, 2020).
• 3. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet 2020;395:497–506.
• 4. Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, Liang WH, Ou CQ, He JX, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med 2020; 382:1708-1720.
• 5. Özdemir Ö. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Diagnosis and Management (Narrative Review). Erciyes Med J 2020; 42(3): 00–00.
• 6. Dong X, Cao YY, Lu XX, Zhang JJ, Du H, Yan YQ, et al. Eleven faces of coronavirus disease 2019. Allergy 2020. doi: 10.1111/all.14289. [Epub ahead of print]
• 7. Minodier L, Charrel RN, Ceccaldi PE, van der Werf S, Blanchon T, Hanslik T, et al. Prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with influenza,clinical significance, and pathophysiology of human influenza viruses in faecalsamples: what do we know? Virol J 2015;12:215.
• 8. The Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Emergency Response Epidemiology Team. The Epidemiological Characteristics of an Outbreak of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Diseases (COVID‐19) — China, 2020. China CDC Weekly 2020;2:113‐122.
• 9. Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B, Song J, et al. A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med 2020;382:727-733.
• 10. Zhang JJ, Dong X, Cao YY, Yuan YD, Yang YB, Yan YQ, et al. Clinical characteristics of 140 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, China. Allergy 2020. doi: 10.1111/all.14238. [Epub ahead of print]
• 11. Özdemir Ö, Pala A. Çocuklarda COVID-19 Enfeksiyonunun Tanısı, Tedavisi ve Korunma Yolları, J Biotechnol and Strategic Health Res 2020;1(Özel Sayı):14-21.
• 12. General Office of the National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China. Diagnosis and treatment protocol for COVID-19 (trial version 7). http://www.nhc.gov.cn/yzygj/s7653p/202003/46c9294a7dfe4cef80dc7f5912eb1989.shtml [Chinese] (Accessed on April 15, 2020).
• 13. Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang J, et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. AMA 2020. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.1585. [Epub ahead of print]
• 14. Wang XF, Yuan J, Zheng YJ, Chen J, Bao YM, Wang YR, et al. Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of 34 children with 2019 novel coronavirus infection in Shenzhen. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2020;58(0):E008. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0578-1310.2020.0008. [Epub ahead of print]
• 15. Shaker M, Briggs A, Dbouk A, Dutille E, Oppenheimer J, Greenhawt M. Estimation of health and economic benefits of clinic versus home administration of omalizumab and mepolizumab. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2020;8:565-72.
• 16. Shaker MS, Oppenheimer J, Grayson M, Stukus D, Hartog N, Hsieh EWY, et al. COVID-19: Pandemic Contingency Planning for the Allergy and Immunology Clinic. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2020. pii: S2213-2198(20)30253-1. doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2020.03.012. [Epub ahead of print]
• 17. Bousquet J, Akdis C, Jutel M, Bachert C, Klimek L, Agache I, et al. Intranasal corticosteroids in allergic rhinitis in COVID-19 infected patients: An ARIA-EAACI statement. Allergy 2020. doi: 10.1111/all.14302. [Epub ahead of print]
• 18. Fauci AS, Lane HC, Redfield RR. Covid-19 - Navigating the Uncharted. N Engl J Med 2020;382(13):1268-1269.
• 19. Lupia T, Scabini S, Mornese Pinna S, Di Perri G, De Rosa FG,Corcione S. 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak: A new challenge. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2020;21:22-27.
• 20. Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention. www.ginasthma.org (Accessed on March 27, 2020).
• 21. ACAAI Statement on COVID-19 and Asthma, Allergy, and Immune Deficiency Patients – 3-12-20. American College of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology. https://college.acaai.org/acaai-statement-covid-19-and-asthma-allergy-and-immune-deficiency-patients-3-12-20 (Accessed on March 27, 2020).
• 22. COVID-19 AND ASTHMA: WHAT PATIENTS NEED TO KNOW, American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-and-treatments/library/asthma-library/covid-asthma (Accessed on April 14, 2020). 23. Korean Society of Infectious Diseases; Korean Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases; Korean Society of Epidemiology; Korean Society for Antimicrobial Therapy; Korean Society for Healthcare-associated Infection Control and Prevention; Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Report on the Epidemiological Features of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in the Republic of Korea from January 19 to March 2, 2020. J Korean Med Sci 2020;35(10):e112.
• 24. Huang K, Yang T, Xu J, Yang L, Zhao J, Zhang X, et al. Prevalence, risk factors, and management of asthma in China: a national cross-sectional study. Lancet 2019;394(10196):407-418.
• 25. Zheng XY, Xu YJ, Guan WJ, Lin LF. Regional, age and respiratory-secretion-specific prevalence of respiratory viruses associated with asthma exacerbation: a literature review. Arch Virol 2018;163(4):845-53.
• 26. Van Bever HP, Chng SY, Goh DY. Childhood severe acute respiratory syndrome, coronavirus infections and asthma. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2004;15(3):206-9.
• 27. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Coronaviurs disease 2019 (COVID-19) situation summary. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html. (Accessed March 15, 2020)
• 28. Global Initiative for Asthma. 2019 GINA Report, Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention 2019, available from www.ginasthma.org. (Accessed on April 25, 2020).
• 29. Re: Transmission of coronavirus by nebulizer—a serious underappreciated risk!. The Canadian Medical Association Journal (CMAJ). Available from: https://www.cmaj.ca/content/re-transmission-corona-virusnebulizer- serious-underappreciated-risk. (Accessed on March 15, 2020)
• 30. Desai M, Oppenheimer J, Lang DM. Immunomodulators and biologics: beyond stepped-care therapy. Clin Chest Med 2019;40:179-92.
• 31. Novartis receives European Commission approval for self-administration of Xolair across all indications. Novartis AG. Available from: https://www.novartis.com/news/ media-releases/novartis-receives-european-commission-approval-self-administration-xolair-across-all. (Accessed on April 17, 2020)
• 32. Wallace DV, Dykewicz MS, Oppenheimer J, Portnoy JM, Lang DM. Pharmacologic treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis: synopsis of guidance from the 2017 Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters. Ann Intern Med 2017;167:876-81.
• 33. Joint statement on the current epidemics of new cornavirus SARS-CoV-2 - COVID-19 from IPOPI, ESID, INGID, APSID, ARAPID, ASID, CIS, LASID, SEAPID. Available from: https://www.ceredih.fr/uploads/COVID19_WORLDWIDE_Joint_Statement_20200311_1200CET_FINAL. pdf?utm_source¼CollegeþInsider&utm_campaign=c3588448b0-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2020_03_12_06_37&utm_medium¼email&utm_term¼0_824f79a3c1-c3588448b0-43165045. (Accessed on March 15, 2020)
• 34. Immune Deficiency Foundation statement on COVID-19. Immune Deficiency Foundation. Available from: https://primaryimmune.org/coronavirus. (Accessed on March 15, 2020)
• 35. Cox L, Nelson H, Lockey R, Calabria C, Chacko T, Finegold I, et al. Allergen immunotherapy: a practice parameter third update. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011;127:S1-55.
• 36. Golden DBK, Bernstein DI, Freeman TM, Tracy JM, Lang DM, Nicklas RA. AAAAI/ACAAI Joint Venom Extract Shortage Task Force Report. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2017;5:330-2.
• 37. Golden DB, Demain J, Freeman T, Graft D, Tankersley M, Tracy J, et al. Stinging insect hypersensitivity: a practice parameter update 2016. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2017;118:28-54.
• 38. Denman S, Ford K, Toolan J, Mistry A, Corps C, Wood P, et al. Home selfadministration of omalizumab for chronic spontaneous urticaria. Br J Dermatol 2016;175:1405-7.