Evaluation of Osteoporosis and Associated Factors in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Year 2025, Volume: 15 Issue: 1, 47 - 58

Nazif Yalçın , Türkan Paşalı Kilit , Kevser Onbaşı , Nizameddin Koca

https://doi.org/10.31832/smj.1598017

Abstract

Objective: This paper aims to assess the prevalence of osteoporosis in patients with T1DM by studying the influence of the main risk factors: BMI, calcium intake, vitamin D, lactose intolerance, and BMD, along with the risk of fractures.
Material and Methods: Cross-sectional study in 30 patients with T1DM and 30 normal controls. BMD was measured using DEXA, further calculating BMI, daily calcium intake, and vitamin D levels. Osteoporosis and fracture risk were evaluated by statistical analysis using the data obtained.
Results: Patients with T1DM had lower BMI (p < 0.001), lower daily calcium intake (p < 0.001), and lower L1-L4 Z scores (p = 0.002) compared to controls. High HbA1c was significantly associated with an increased risk of hip fracture (OR = 1.58, p = 0.022), and low BMI was also a crucial predictor of increased risk of fracture (OR = 1.49, p = 0.012) and osteoporosis (OR = 1.29, p = 0.018). It could be seen that lactose intolerance and calcium deficiency considerably increased the risk of osteoporosis and fractures.
Conclusion: Our study underlines the pivotal role of BMI, calcium intake, and lactose intolerance in determining osteoporosis and fracture risk in T1DM patients. Our findings emphasize once more how managing these risk factors by specific interventions may play a key role in preventing osteoporosis and fractures.

Keywords

Type 1 diabetes mellitus, Osteoporosis, Bone mineral density, Fracture risk, Calcium intake, Lactose intolerance, Vitamin D

Tip 1 Diyabetli Hastalarda Osteoporoz ve İlişkili Faktörlerin Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı T1DM'li hastalarda osteoporoz prevalansını değerlendirmek ve vücut kitle indeksi, günlük kalsiyum alımı, D vitamini düzeyi ve laktoz intoleransının kırık riski ile ilişkisinin değerlendirilmesidir.
Materyal ve Method: Araştırma 30 T1DM'li hasta ve 30 diyabet tanısı olmayan bireylerin değerlendirildiği kesitsel bir çalışmadır. Çalışmaya katılan hastaların kemik yoğunluk ölçümleri DEXA yöntemi kullanılarak ölçüldü ve VKİ, günlük kalsiyum alımı ile D vitamini seviyeleri hesaplandı. Elde edilen veriler ile istatistiksel analizler yapılarak osteoporoz ve kırık riski değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: T1DM'li hastalar kontrollerle karşılaştırıldığında daha düşük VKİ (p < 0,001), daha düşük günlük kalsiyum alımı (p < 0,001) ve daha düşük L1-L4 Z skorları (p = 0,002) saptandı. Yüksek HbA1c kalça kırığı riskinin artmasıyla önemli ölçüde ilişkiliydi (OR = 1,58, p = 0,022) ve düşük VKİ artmış kırık riskinin (OR = 1,49, p = 0,012) ve osteoporozun (OR = 1,29, p = 0,018) önemli bir belirteciydi. Laktoz intoleransı ve kalsiyum eksikliğinin osteoporoz ve kırık riskini önemli ölçüde artırdığı saptandı.
Sonuç: Çalışmamız, T1DM hastalarında osteoporoz ve kırık riskini belirlemede VKİ, günlük kalsiyum alımı ve laktoz intoleransının temel rolünü vurgulamaktadır. Bulgularımız, bu risk faktörlerinin belirli müdahalelerle yönetilmesinin osteoporoz ve kırıkların önlenmesinde nasıl önemli bir rol oynayabileceğini bir kez daha vurgulamaktadır.

Keywords

Tip 1 diabetes mellitus, Osteoporoz, Kemik mineral yoğunluğu, Kırık riski, Kalsiyum alımı, Laktoz intoleransı, D vitamini

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