Acculturation Theory as an Explanatory Theoretical Base for Tourism Induced Cultural Change

Year 2019, Volume: 16 Issue: 3, 470 - 492, 15.12.2019

Yakup Kemal Özekici , Kurban Ünlüönen

https://doi.org/10.24010/soid.539666

Abstract

Cultural change is a result of cultural interaction in a globalizing world. In this context, destinations are known as special spots giving experience to tourists and locals via cultural interaction which is scrutinized in the scope of acculturation as a centurial theory. Although not satisfyingly evaluated in the tourism field, acculturation theory has numerous models and assumptions explaining how mutual interaction affect the cultural transformation of both sides. For this reason, addressing acculturation theory from the tourism perspective, then responding to questions regarding how to analyze and with which measurement means are appropriate, also determining the station where tourism field can be placed within the acculturation literature constitutes the main purposes of this study. In accordance with this purpose, models and assumptions in question were evaluated and explained to integrate them into the tourism field considering specialties of both tourism system and acculturation literature. In conclusion, factors necessary for constructing a proper tourism induced acculturation model were put forward. 

Keywords

acculturation, cultural change, tourism

Turizm Odaklı Kültürel Dönüşümü Açıklayıcı Bir Temel: Kültürleşme Teorisi

Abstract

Kültürel
dönüşüm, küreselleşen dünyada ortaya çıkan kültürel etkileşimin bir sonucudur.
Destinasyonlar ise kültürel etkileşimin doğrudan tecrübe edildiği özel noktalar
olarak bilinmektedir. Kültürleşme teorisi, kültürel dönüşümü açıklayan yüz yılı
aşkın bir uygulama sürecine sahiptir. Bu teori, kültürel dönüşümü açıklamayı
konu edinmekte olup, kıymetli model ve varsayımları barındırmaktadır. Bu
nedenle, söz konusu çalışmanın amacı, antropoloji, sosyoloji ve psikoloji
disiplinlerinde sıklıkla kullanılmakla birlikte turizm alanında yeterince test
edilmemiş olan kültürleşme teorisini irdelemek, teori varsayımlarının hangi
ölçüm araçları ve yöntemleriyle test edildiğini açıklamak, turizm
araştırmalarının kültürleşme literatüründeki yerini ortaya koymak ve
kültürleşme teorisinin turizm odaklı olarak uyarılmış kültürel dönüşümü
açıklamasında kullanılabilecek varsayımlara sahip olduğunu ortaya çıkarmaktır.
Bu kapsamda, kültürleşme teorisine ilişkin modeller teorik ve metodolojik
olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, turizm olgusuna has özelliklerin
kültürleşme literatürüne ne şekilde entegre edilebileceği açıklanmıştır.
Çalışma kapsamında teorinin turizm araştırmalarında kullanılabilmesi için
oluş(turul)ması gereken modelde göz önünde bulundurulması gereken koşullar
ortaya konulmuştur. Bu bakımdan, turistik kültürleşme modelinin oluşumunda göz
önünde bulundurulması gereken esaslar önerilmiştir.

Keywords

kültürleşme, kültürel dönüşüm, turizm

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