Does Emotional Eating Affect Online Food Purchasing Intention?

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 70 - 85, 25.09.2023

Murat Fatih Tuna , Selim Çam

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore the mediating role of emotional eating between social media addiction and food product purchase intention.
Design/Methodology/Approach: In this study, data were collected by convenience sampling method by considering economic and temporal conditions. A total of 601 questionnaires were included in the study by selecting the ones suitable for analysis from the data collected from 644 participants. Mediation model was applied to the created data set. At the same time, Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis H tests were applied to reveal the difference in scale mean according to demographic variables.
Results: The results of the analyses revealed that online purchase intention, emotional eating and social media addiction scales did not differ according to the demographic characteristics of the participants. In terms of mediation, it is seen that emotional eating has a supporting role between social media addiction and online purchase intention.
Originality: Evaluating food and beverage ordering through P2P platforms together with consumption and psychological elements reveals the importance of the study.
Keywords: Online Purchase Intention, Social Media Addiction, Emotional Eating, Food Products, Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Platforms

Keywords

Keywords: Online Purchase Intention, Social Media Addiction, Emotional Eating, Food Products, Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Platforms

Duygusal Yeme Çevrim İçi Gıda Satın Alma Niyetini Etkiler Mi?

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı sosyal medya bağımlığı ile gıda ürünü satın alma niyeti arasında duygusal yemenin aracılık yönünü ortaya koymaktır.
Tasarım/Metodoloji/Yaklaşım: Bu araştırmada ekonomik ve zamansal koşullar değerlendirilerek kolayda örnekleme yöntemi ile veri toplanmıştır. Toplam 644 katılımcıdan toplanan verilerden analize uygun olanları seçilerek 601 anket çalışmaya dâhil edilmiştir. Oluşturulan veri setine aracılık modeli uygulanmıştır. Aynı zamanda demografik değişkenlere göre ölçek ortalaması farklılığını ortaya koyabilmek için Mann-Whitney U ve Kruskal-Wallis H testleri uygulanmıştır.
Bulgular: Analiz sonuçlarında çevrim içi satın alma niyeti, duygusal yeme ve sosyal medya bağımlılığı ölçeklerinin katılımcıların demografik özelliklerine göre farklılık göstermediği anlaşılmıştır. Aracılık açısından değerlendirildiğinde, duygusal yemenin sosyal medya bağımlılığı ve çevrim içi satın alma niyeti arasında destekleyici rolünün bulunduğu görülmektedir.
Özgünlük: P2P platformalar üzerinden yiyecek içecek sipariş edilmesinin tüketim ve psikoloji unsurlarıyla birlikte değerlendirilmesi çalışmanın önemini ortaya koymaktadır.

Keywords

Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı, Duygusal Yeme, Satın Alma Niyeti, Gıda Ürünleri, Kişiler Arası (P2P) Platformlar

References

• Aarts, H., ve Dijksterhuis, A. (2000). Habits as Knowledge Structures: Automaticity in Goal-Directed Behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78(1), 53-63.
• Adriaanse, M. A., de Ridder, D. T. D., ve Evers, C. (2011). Emotional Eating: Eating When Emotional or Emotional About Eating? Psychology ve Health, 26(1), 23-39. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870440903207627
• Ajzen, I. (1991). The Theory of Planned Behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179-211.
• Akar, E., ve Nasir, V. A. (2015). A Review of Literature on Consumers’ Online Purchase Intentions. Journal of Customer Behaviour, 14(3), 215-233.
• Annesi, J. J., Mareno, N., ve McEwen, K. (2016). Psychosocial Predictors of Emotional Eating and Their Weight-Loss Treatment-İnduced Changes in Women with Obesity. Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, 21(2), 289-295.
• Arnow, B., Kenardy, J., ve Agras, W. S. (1995). The Emotional Eating Scale: The Development of a Measure to Assess Coping with Negative Affect by Eating. The International Journal of Eating Disorders, 18(1), 79-90.
• Ayyıldız, F., ve Şahin, G. (2022). Effect of Social Media Addiction on Eating Behavior, Body Weight and Life Satisfaction during Pandemic Period. British Food Journal, 124(9), 2980-2992.
• Bagozzi, R. P., Gopinath, M., ve Nyer, P. U. (1999). The Role of Emotions in Marketing. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 27(2), 184-206.
• Bai, B., Law, R., ve Wen, I. (2008). The Impact of Website Quality on Customer Satisfaction and Purchase İntentions: Evidence from Chinese Online Visitors. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 27(3), 391-402.
• Barrett, L. F. (2017). The theory of constructed emotion: an active inference account of interoception and categorization. Social cognitive and affective neuroscience, 12(1), 1-23.
• Bates, S., Reeve, B., ve Trevena, H. (2023). A Narrative Review of Online Food Delivery in Australia: Challenges and Opportunities for Public Health Nutrition Policy. Public Health Nutrition, 26(1), 262-272.
• Bee, C. C., ve Madrigal, R. (2007). Coping With Mixed Emotions. ACR North American Advances, NA-34. https://www.acrwebsite.org/volumes/12860/volumes/v34/NA-34 adresinden 25.04.2023 adresinden erişilmiştir. Erişim 20 Nisan 2023.
• Berridge, K., ve Winkielman, P. (2003). What is an Unconscious Emotion? (The Case for Unconscious “Liking”). Cognition ve Emotion, 17(2), 181-211.
• Błachnio, A., Przepiorka, A., ve Pantic, I. (2016). Association between Facebook Addiction, Self-Esteem and Life Satisfaction: A cross-sectional study. Computers in Human Behavior, 55, 701-705.
• Burnatowska, E., Surma, S., ve Olszanecka-Glinianowicz, M. (2022). Relationship between Mental Health and Emotional Eating during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review. Nutrients, 14(19), 3989.
• Canetti, L., Bachar, E., ve Berry, E. M. (2002). Food and Emotion. Behavioural Processes, 60(2), 157-164.
• Cho, M., Bonn, M. A., ve Li, J. (Justin). (2019). Differences in Perceptions about Food Delivery Apps between Single-Person and Multi-Person Households. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 77, 108-116.
• Consoli, D. (2010). A New Concept of Marketing: The Emotional Marketing. BRAND-Broad Research in Accounting, Negotiation, and Distribution, 1(1), 52-59.
• Corona-Trevino, L. (2017). Technology Management of Capital Assets and Risks in the Service Sharing Economy: Cases of Uberization of Crowdfunding and Transportation in Mexico. 2017 Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), 1-7.
• D’Arienzo, M. C., Boursier, V., ve Griffiths, M. D. (2019). Addiction to Social Media and Attachment Styles: A Systematic Literature Review. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 17(4), 1094-1118.
• Elphinston, R. A., ve Noller, P. (2011). Time to Face It! Facebook Intrusion and the Implications for Romantic Jealousy and Relationship Satisfaction. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 14(11), 631-635.
• Fitzpatrick, S., MacDonald, D. E., McFarlane, T., ve Trottier, K. (2019). An Experimental Comparison of Emotion Regulation Strategies for Reducing Acute Distress in İndividuals with Eating Disorders. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science / Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement, 51, 90-99.
• Fox, J., ve Moreland, J. J. (2015). The Dark Side of Social Networking Sites: An Exploration of the Relational and Psychological Stressors Associated with Facebook Use and Affordances. Computers in Human Behavior, 45, 168-176.
• Gaur, S. S., Herjanto, H., ve Makkar, M. (2014). Review of Emotions Research in Marketing, 2002–2013. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 21(6), 917-923.
• George, J. F. (2004). The Theory of Planned Behavior and Internet Purchasing. Internet Research, 14(3), 198-212.
• Göbel, P., Sanlier, N., Yilmaz, S., Açikalin, B., ve Kocabaş, Ş. (2023). The Correlation between Social Media Addiction and Emotional Eating during the COVID-19 Quarantine Period. Ecology of Food and Nutrition, 62(1-2), 60-74.
• Greeno, C. G., ve Wing, R. R. (1994). Stress-Induced Eating. Psychological Bulletin, 115, 444-464.
• Gündoğan, T., ve Kazançoğlu, İ. (2021). Tüketicilerin Mobil Sipariş Uygulamalarını Kullanma/Ması Üzerinde Etkili Olan Faktörlerin Belirlenmesi. Stratejik ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 5(2), 309-334.
• Haand, R., ve Shuwang, Z. (2020). The Relationship between Social Media Addiction and Depression: A Quantitative Study among University Students in Khost, Afghanistan. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 25(1), 780-786.
• Haines, G. H. (1970). Review of The Theory of Buyer Behavior. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 65(331), 1406-1407.
• Hajli, N., Sims, J., Zadeh, A. H., ve Richard, M.-O. (2017). A Social Commerce Investigation of the Role of Trust in a Social Networking Site on Purchase Intentions. Journal of Business Research, 71, 133-141.
• Harrigan, M., Feddema, K., Wang, S., Harrigan, P., ve Diot, E. (2021). How Trust Leads to Online Purchase Intention Founded in Perceived Usefulness and Peer Communication. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 20(5), 1297-1312.
• Hasanov, J., ve Khalid, H. (2015). The Impact of Website Quality on Online Purchase Intention of Organic Food in Malaysia: A WebQual Model Approach. Procedia Computer Science, 72, 382-389.
• Hirschberg, C., Rajko, A., Schumacher, T., ve Wrulich, M. (2016, Kasım 9). The Changing Market for Food Delivery. https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/technology-media-and-telecommunications/our-insights/the-changing-market-for-food-delivery
• Hou, Y., Xiong, D., Jiang, T., Song, L., ve Wang, Q. (2019). Social Media Addiction: Its İmpact, Mediation, and Intervention. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 13(1), 1-17.
• Huang, M.-H. (2001). The Theory of Emotions in Marketing. Journal of Business and Psychology, 16(2), 239-247. Huang, P.-C., Latner, J. D., O’Brien, K. S., Chang, Y.-L., Hung, C.-H., Chen, J.-S., Lee, K.-H., ve Lin, C.-Y. (2023).
• Associations between Social Media Addiction, Psychological Distress, and Food Addiction among Taiwanese University Students. Journal of Eating Disorders, 11(1), 43.
• HumanSystems (2023). HS Emotion Wheels & Needs Wheels https://humansystems.co/emotionwheels/ adresinden erişildi. Erişim 20 Nisan 2023.
• İnalkaç, S., ve Arslantaş, H. (2018). Duygusal Yeme. Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi, 27(1), 70-82.
• Isa, N. F., Salleh, N. A. M., ve Aziz, A. A. (2019). Social Media Addiction: Role of Web and Digital Experience on Buying Decision Intention and the Moderating Effect of Consumer Review. Malaysian Journal of Consumer and Familiy Economics, 23, 123-148.
• Jung, J., Tao, J., ve Widmar, N. O. (2022). Quantifying “Local Food” Online and Social Media in the United States for 2018–2021. Agriculture ve Food Security, 11(1), 59.
• Köster, E. P., ve Mojet, J. (2015). From Mood to Food and from Food to Mood: A Psychological Perspective on the Measurement of Food-Related Emotions in Consumer Research. Food Research International, 76, 180-191.
• Laudon, K., ve Traver, C. (2021). E-commerce 2021–2022: Business. technology. Society-Global Edition, Pearson.
• Litwin, R., Goldbacher, E. M., Cardaciotto, L., ve Gambrel, L. E. (2017). Negative Emotions and Emotional Eating: The Mediating Role of Experiential Avoidance. Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, 22(1), 97-104.
• Macht, M. (1999). Characteristics of Eating in Anger, Fear, Sadness and Joy. Appetite, 33(1), 129-139.
• Macht, M. (2008). How Emotions Affect Eating: A Five-Way Model. Appetite, 50(1), 1-11.
• Mason, T. B. (2020). Loneliness, Eating, and Body Mass Index in Parent–Adolescent Dyads from the Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health, and Eating study. Personal Relationships, 27(2), 420-432.
• Medoro, C., Cianciabella, M., Magli, M., Daniele, G. M., Lippi, N., Gatti, E., Volpe, R., Longo, V., Nazzaro, F., Mattoni, S., Tenaglia, F., ve Predieri, S. (2022). Food Involvement, Food Choices, and Bioactive Compounds Consumption Correlation during COVID-19 Pandemic: How Food Engagement Influences Consumers’ Food Habits. Nutrients, 14(7), 1490.
• Mishra, U. (2021). The Effect of Online Review on Online Purchase Intention. Researcher: A Research Journal of Culture and Society, 5(1), Article 1.
• Mohsenpour, M. A., Karamizadeh, M., Barati-Boldaji, R., Ferns, G. A., ve Akbarzadeh, M. (2023). Structural Equation Modeling of Direct and Indirect Associations of Social Media Addiction with Eating Behavior in Adolescents and Young Adults. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 3044.
• Moqbel, M., ve Kock, N. (2018). Unveiling the Dark Side of Social Networking Sites: Personal and Work-Related Consequences of Social Networking Site Addiction. Information ve Management, 55(1), 109-119.
• Morwitz, V. G., Steckel, J. H., ve Gupta, A. (2007). When Do Purchase Intentions Predict Sales? International Journal of Forecasting, 23(3), 347-364.
• Nguyen-Rodriguez, S. T., Unger, J. B., ve Spruijt-Metz, D. (2009). Psychological Determinants of Emotional Eating in Adolescence. Eating Disorders, 17(3), 211-224.
• Oliver, G., Wardle, J., ve Gibson, E. L. (2000). Stress and Food Choice: A Laboratory Study. Psychosomatic Medicine, 62(6), 853.
• Öztürk, E., ve Arikan, Ö. U. (2022). Dijital Paylaşım Ekonomisi Platformlarının Sürdürülebilirlik Bağlamında İncelenmesi. Akademik Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi (AKAD), 14(26), Article 26.
• Partridge, S. R., Gibson, A. A., Roy, R., Malloy, J. A., Raeside, R., Jia, S. S., Singleton, A. C., Mandoh, M., Todd, A. R., Wang, T., Halim, N. K., Hyun, K., ve Redfern, J. (2020). Junk Food on Demand: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Nutritional Quality of Popular Online Food Delivery Outlets in Australia and New Zealand. Nutrients, 12(10), Article 10.
• Peña-García, N., Gil-Saura, I., Rodríguez-Orejuela, A., ve Siqueira-Junior, J. R. (2020). Purchase Intention and Purchase Behavior Online: A Cross-Cultural Approach. Heliyon, 6(6), e04284.
• Pigatto, G., Machado, J. G. de C. F., Negreti, A. dos S., ve Machado, L. M. (2017). Have You Chosen Your Request? Analysis of online food delivery companies in Brazil. British Food Journal, 119(3), 639-657.
• Pillai, S. G., Kim, W. G., Haldorai, K., ve Kim, H.-S. (2022). Online Food Delivery Services and Consumers’ Purchase Intention: Integration of Theory of Planned Behavior, Theory of Perceived Risk, and the Elaboration Likelihood Model. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 105, 103275.
• Plutchik, R. (1980). Emotion: Theory, research, and experience: Vol. 1. Theories of emotion. New York: Academic. Portingale, J., Eddy, S., Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, M., Liu, S., Giles, S., ve Krug, I. (2023). Tonight, I’m Disordered Eating: The Effects of Food Delivery App Use, Loneliness, and Mood on Daily Body Dissatisfaction and Disordered Eating Urges. Appetite, 180, 106310.
• Prasad, S., Garg, A., ve Prasad, S. (2019). Purchase Decision of Generation Y in an Online Environment. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 37(4), 372-385.
• Randler, C., Desch, I. H., Otte im Kampe, V., Wüst-Ackermann, P., Wilde, M., ve Prokop, P. (2017). Anxiety, Disgust and Negative Emotions Influence Food Intake in Humans. International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science, 7, 11-15.
• Raza, A., Asif, M., ve Akram, M. (2023). Give Your Hunger a New Option: Understanding Consumers’ Continuous Intention to Use Online Food Delivery Apps Using Trust Transfer Theory. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 47(2), 474-495.
• Ritchie, H. ve Roser, M. (2017, Aralık 20). Obesity. https://ourworldindata.org/obesity
• Rivera, M. (2019). Online Delivery Provider (ODP) Services: Who is Getting What from Food Deliveries? International Journal of Hospitality Management, 80, A1-A2.
• Schneider, K. L., Appelhans, B. M., Whited, M. C., Oleski, J., ve Pagoto, S. L. (2010). Trait Anxiety, But Not Trait Anger, Predisposes Obese Individuals to Emotional Eating. Appetite, 55(3), 701-706.
• Shaheen, M., Cheng, B. L., ve Shan, L. H. (2012). A Study Of E-Shopping Intention In Malaysia: The Influence Of Generation X & Y. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 6(8), 28-35.
• Statista (2023). Digital Marketing Insights-Online Food Delivery Worldwide. https://www.statista.com/outlook/dmo/online-food-delivery/worldwide adresinden erişildi. Erişim 20 Nisan 2023.
• Stephens, J., Miller, H., ve Militello, L. (2020). Food Delivery Apps and the Negative Health Impacts for Americans. Frontiers in Nutrition, 7, 14.
• Sun, Y., ve Zhang, Y. (2021). A Review of Theories and Models Applied in Studies of Social Media Addiction and Implications for Future Research. Addictive Behaviors, 114, 106699.
• Sümen, A., ve Evgin, D. (2021). Social Media Addiction in High School Students: A Cross-Sectional Study Examining Its Relationship with Sleep Quality and Psychological Problems. Child Indicators Research, 14(6), 2265-2283.
• Şentürk, E., Geniş, B., ve Coşar, B. (2021). Social Media Addiction in Young Adult Patients with Anxiety Disorders and Depression. Alpha Psychiatry, 22(5), 257-262.
• Talha Talukder, A. A., Mahmud, Md. A. I., Sultana, A., Pranto, T. H., Haque, A. B., ve Rahman, R. M. (2022). A Customer Satisfaction Centric Food Delivery System Based on Blockchain and Smart Contract. Journal of Information and Telecommunication, 6(4), 501-524.
• Tomaş, M. (2014). Paket Servis Müşterilerinin Sipariş Vermede E-aracı Kullanma Nedenleri Üzerine Keşifsel Bir Araştırma: Yemeksepeti.com Örneği. Journal of Internet Applications and Management, 5(2), Article 2.
• Tuna, M. F. (2021). Dijital Platformlar ve Türk Platform Ekonomisi. İçinde Gelişen Dünya Düzeninde Türkiye Ekonomisinin Yeri ve Yapısı İlkay Noyan Yalman (ss. 311-358). Ekin Basım Yayın Dağıtım.
• Tuorila, H., Huotilainen, A., Lähteenmäki, L., Ollila, S., Tuomi-Nurmi, S., ve Urala, N. (2008). Comparison of Affective Rating Scales and Their Relationship to Variables Reflecting Food Consumption. Food Quality and Preference, 19(1), 51-61.
• TurkInternet (2023, Ocak 2). Yemeksepeti’nden 2022 Yemek İstatistikleri. https://turk-internet.com/yemeksepetinden-2022-yemek-istatistikleri/
• Tutgun-Ünal, A., ve Deni̇z, L. (2015). Development of the Social Media Addiction Scale. AJIT-e: Academic Journal of Information Technology, 6(21), Article 21.
• TÜİK (2020, Haziran 4). Türkiye Sağlık Araştırması-2019. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Turkey-Health-Survey-2019-33661#:~:text=Obez%20bireylerin%20oran%C4%B1%20%21%2C1,y%C4%B1l%C4%B1nda%20%21%2C1%20oldu.
• Verplanken, B. (2006). Beyond Frequency: Habit as Mental Construct. The British Journal of Social Psychology, 45(Pt 3), 639-656.
• We Are Social (2022). Digital 2022: Another Year of Bumper Growth. https://wearesocial.com/uk/blog/2022/01/digital-2022-another-year-of-bumper-growth-2/
• West, R., ve Brown, J. (2013). Theory of Addiction. John Wiley ve Sons.
• White, M. (2007). Food access and obesity. Obesity Reviews, 8(s1), 99-107.
• WHO (2021, Haziran 9). Obesity and overweight. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight
• Ye, S., Lei, S. I., Shen, H., ve Xiao, H. (2020). Social Presence, Telepresence and Customers’ Intention to Purchase Online Peer-to-Peer Accommodation: A Mediating Model. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 42, 119-129.
• Zhang, L., ve Kim, D. (2022). A Peer-to-Peer Smart Food Delivery Platform Based on Smart Contract. Electronics, 11(12), Article 12.
• Zhao, X., Lynch, J. G., Jr., ve Chen, Q. (2010). Reconsidering Baron and Kenny: Myths and Truths about Mediation Analysis. Journal of Consumer Research, 37(2), 197-206.