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PANDEMİ SÜRECİNDE GÖÇMENLERLE ARAŞTIRMA YÜRÜTMEK: NİTELİKSEL YÖNTEMDE ‘YENİ NORMAL’ ÜZERİNE

Year 2022, , 8 - 22, 20.03.2022
https://doi.org/10.18490/sosars.1090593

Abstract

COVID-19 salgını ve bu kapsamdaki fiziki mesafe önlemleri sonucu, araştırmalarında nitel ve karma yöntem benimseyen sosyal bilimciler, bu dönemde katılımcılara, sahaya ve kaynaklara erişme hususunda zorluklarla karşılaşmıştır. Bu zorlukların aşılmasında, bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinin sunduğu fırsatlar kadar araştırma tasarımlarının pandemi koşullarına uyarlanmasını sağlamak da önemli bir rol oynamıştır. Teknolojinin bu noktada kolaylaştırıcı bir araç olarak üstlendiği görev, göçmenler ve mülteciler gibi kırılgan gruplar ile 2020 ve 2021 yıllarında yürüttüğümüz iki farklı çalışmada, hem araştırma tasarımımızı pandemi koşullarına uyarlayarak veri toplamamıza hem de geleneksel ve çevrimiçi yöntemleri karşılaştırarak bir yöntem tartışması yapmamıza olanak vermiştir. Bu karşılaştırmaya göre, pandemi koşullarında geleneksel ve çevrimiçi yöntemle araştırma yürütmenin fırsatlar sunmakla beraber, bazı etik sorunlar yarattığı; çevrimiçi görüşmelerin araştırma nesnesinin dijital bölünmedeki imkân/sınırlılık konumuna göre kapsamlı veri toplanmasını engellediği ve çalışılan grubun düşük temsiliyet riskinin ortadan kalkmasının zorlaştığı saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, pandemi ile gündeme oturan nitel yöntemdeki yeni normal tartışmalarında, geleneksel ve çevrimiçi yöntemlerin metodolojik fırsatlarının ve zorluklarının değerlendirilerek başarıyla birleştirildiği melez yöntemlerin kullanılmasının gerekli ve kaçınılmaz olduğu vurgulanmıştır.

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  • Mangrio, E., Maneesh, P.S., ve Strange, M. (2020). Refugees in Sweden during the Covid-19 pandemic: The need for a new perspective on health and integration. Frontiers in Public Health, 8, 1-5. DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.574334.
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  • Teti, M., Pichon, L., ve Myroniuk, T. W. (2021). Community-engaged qualitative scholarship during a pandemic: Problems, perils and lessons learned. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 20, 1-4. DOI: 10.1177/16094069211025455.
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Year 2022, , 8 - 22, 20.03.2022
https://doi.org/10.18490/sosars.1090593

Abstract

References

  • Abu-Lughod, L. (2000). Locating ethnography. Ethnography, 1(2), 261-267. DOI: 10.1177/14661380022230778.
  • Akçapar, Ş.K., ve Çalışan, A. (2021a). Neoliberal düzende artan kırılganlıklar: Pandemi döneminde mülteci sağlığı. Göç Dergisi, 8(2), 223-241. DOI: 10.33182/gd.v8i2.768.
  • Akçapar, Ş. K., ve Çalışan, A. (2021b). “Risk Toplumu” ve Belirsizlik: Pandemi döneminde Suriyeli olmak. O.E. Aslan ve Ş.K. Akçapar (Der.) içinde, Bireyden devlete küresel salgın (ss. 117-152). Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayınları.
  • Akçapar, Ş.K., ve Çalışan, A. (2022). Mixed migration flows into Turkey and the impact of the pandemic: Revisiting social exclusion and persisting inequalities. R. Baikady vd. (Der.) içinde, Handbook on global social problems. London: Palgrave Macmillan (yayın aşamasında).
  • Akyıldız, Ş. (2020). COVID-19 işgücü piyasasını nasıl etkiledi? Ankara: TEPAV. https://www.tepav.org.tr/tr/ekibimiz/s/1168/Senay+Akyildiz adresinden erişildi.
  • Aslan, O. E. ve Akçapar, Ş.K. (2021). Giriş. O.E. Aslan ve Ş.K. Akcapar (Der.) içinde, Bireyden devlete küresel salgın (ss.1-6). Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayınları.
  • Berger, R. (2015). Now I see it, now I don't: researcher’s position and reflexivity in qualitative research. Qualitative Research, 15(2), 219-234, DOI: 10.1177/1468794112468475.
  • British Academy. (2021). The COVID decade: Understanding the long-term societal impacts of COVID-19. London: British Academy. https://www.thebritishacademy.ac.uk/documents/3238/COVID-decade-understanding-long-term-societal-impacts-COVID-19.pdf.
  • Davies, L., LeClair, K. L., Bagley, P., Blunt, H., Hinton, L., Ryan, S., ve Ziebland, S. (2020). Face-to-face compared with online collected accounts of health and illness experiences: A scoping review. Qualitative Health Research, 30(13), 2092–2102. DOI: 10.1177/1049732320935835.
  • Deakin, H., ve Wakefield, K. (2014). Skype interviewing: Reflections of two PhD researchers. Qualitative Research, 14(5), 603-616. DOI: 10.1177/1468794113488126.
  • Dekker, R., ve Engbersen, G. (2014). How social media transform migrant networks and facilitate migration. Global Networks, 14(4), 401-418.
  • DiMaggio, P., Hargittai, R., Celeste, C., ve Shafer, S. (2004). Digital inequality: from unequal access to differentiated use. K. M. Neckerman (Der.) içinde, Social Inequality (ss.355-400). New York: Russell Sage.
  • Eynon, R., Fry, J., ve Schroeder, R. (2017). The ethics of online research. N. G. Fielding, R. M. Lee, ve G. Blank (Der.) içinde, The SAGE handbook of online research methods (ss. 19-37). London: Sage DOI: 10.4135/9781473957992.
  • Filep, B. (2009). Interview and translation strategies: coping with multilingual settings and data. Social Geography, 4(1), 59-70. DOI:10.5194/sg-4-59-2009.
  • Flynn, R., Albrecht, L., ve Scott, S. D. (2018). Two approaches to focus group data collection for qualitative health research: Maximizing resources and data quality. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 17, 1-9. DOI: 10.1177/1609406917750781.
  • Forrestal, S. G., D’Angelo, A. V., ve Vogel, L. K. (2015). Considerations for and lessons learned from online, synchronous focus groups. Survey Practice, 8(3), 1-9. DOI:10.29115/SP-2015-0015.
  • Guadagno, L. (2020). Migrans and the COVID-19 pandemic: An initial analysis. International Organization for Migration, Migration Research Series, 60, https://publications.iom.int/books/mrs-no-60-migrants-and-covid-19-pandemic-initial- analysis adresinden erişildi.
  • Guterres, A. (2020). The COVID-19 crisis is an opportunity to reimagine human mobility. United Nations: https://www.un.org/en/coronavirus/covid-19-crisis-opportunity-reimagine- humanmobility/ adresinden erişildi.
  • Hannerz, U. (2003). Being there... and there... and there! Reflections on multi-site ethnography. Ethnography, 4(2), 201-216.
  • Hine, C. (2015). Ethnography for the internet: embedded, embodied and everyday. NY: Bloomsbury Academic.
  • Howlett, M. (2021). Looking at the ‘field’through a Zoom lens: Methodological reflections on conducting online research during a global pandemic. Qualitative Research, 1-16, DOI: 10.1177/1468794120985691.
  • Kluge, H. H., Jakab, Z., Bartoviz, J., D'Anna, V. ve Severoni, S. (2020). Refugee and migrant health in the COVID-19 response. The Lancet, 395(10232), 1237-1239. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30791- 1.
  • Kozinets, R. V. (2010). Netnography: doing ethnographic research online. London: Sage.
  • Linabary, J. R., ve Hamel, S. A. (2017). Feminist online interviewing: engaging issues of power, resistance and reflexivity in practice. Feminist Review, 115(1), 97-113. DOI:10.1057/s41305-017-0041-3.
  • Lipp, A. (2007). Developing the reflexive dimension of reflection: A framework for debate. International Journal of Multiple Research Approaches, 1, 18-26. DOI: 10.5172/mra.455.1.1.18.
  • Lobe, B., Morgan, D., ve Hoffman, K. A. (2020). Qualitative data collection in an era of social distancing. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 19, 1–8. DOI: 10.1177/1609406920937875.
  • Mangrio, E., Maneesh, P.S., ve Strange, M. (2020). Refugees in Sweden during the Covid-19 pandemic: The need for a new perspective on health and integration. Frontiers in Public Health, 8, 1-5. DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.574334.
  • Marhefka, S., Lockhart, E., ve Turner, D. (2020). Achieve research continuity during social distancing by rapidly implementing individual and group videoconferencing with participants: Key considerations, best practices, and protocols. AIDS and Behavior, 24, 1983–1989. DOI: 10.1007/s10461-020-02837-x.
  • McCall, G. J. (2006). The fieldwork tradition. D. Hobbs ve R. Wright (Der.) içinde, The Sage Handbook of Fieldwork (ss. 3-21). London: Sage.
  • Merton, R.K. (1972). Insiders and outsiders: A chapter in the sociology of knowledge. American Journal of Sociology, 78(1), 9-47.
  • MUDEM. (2020). COVID-19 krizi sürecinde Türkiye'deki mültecilerin durum analizi. Mülteci Destek Derneği-Refugee Support Center. https://www.stgm.org.tr/sites/default/files/2020-09/29-mudemden-covid-19-krizi-surecinde-turkiyedeki-multecilerin-durum-analizi.pdf adresinden erişildi.
  • Nobrega, S., Ghaziri, M. E., Giacobbe, L., Rice, S., Punnett, L., ve Edwards, K. (2021). Feasibility of virtual focus groups in program impact evaluation. International Journal of Qualitative Methods. 20. 1-10. DOI: 16094069211019896.
  • OECD. (2020). What is the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on immigrants and their children? https://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/view/?ref=137_137245-8saheqv0k3&title=What-is-the-impact-ofthe-COVID-19-pandemic-on-immigrants-and-their-children%3F adresinden erişildi.
  • Özkul, D. (2020). COVID-19 salgını süreci ve sonrası için düzensiz göçmen, sığınmacı ve mültecilere yönelik politika önerileri. İstanbul Politik Araştırmalar Enstitüsü. https://d4b693e1-c592-4336-bc6a36c134d6fb5e.filesusr.com/ugd/c80586_390a03e9b49b4bb7a609d0a3d0f615c1.pdf adresinden erişildi.
  • Pocock, T., Smith, M., ve Wiles, J. (2021). Recommendations for virtual qualitative health research during a pandemic. Qualitative Health Research, 31(13), 2403-2413. DOI: 10497323211036891.
  • Relief International. (2020). Impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on Syrian refugees in Turkey. https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/76504.pdf adresinden erişildi.
  • Roy, R., ve Uekusa, S. (2020). Collaborative autoethnography: “Self-reflection” as a timely alternative research approach during the global pandemic. Qualitative Research Journal, 20 (4), 383-392. DOI: 10.1108/QRJ-06-2020-0054.
  • Shapka, J. D., Domene, J. F., Khan, S., ve Yang, L. M. (2016). Online versus in-person interviews with adolescents: An exploration of data equivalence. Computers in Human Behavior, 58, 361-367. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2016.01.016.
  • Seitz, S. (2016). Pixilated partnerships, overcoming obstacles in qualitative interviews via Sykpe: a research note. Qualitative Research, 16(2), 229-235. DOI: 10.1177/1468794115577011.
  • SGDD. (2020). COVID-19 salgınının Türkiye'de mülteciler üzerindeki etkisinin sektörel analizi. Sığınmacılar ve Göçmenlerle Dayanışma Derneği. https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/76640 adresinden erişildi.
  • Teti, M., Schatz, E., ve Liebenberg, L. (2020). Methods in the time of COVID-19: the vital role of qualitative inquiries. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 19, 1-5. DOI: 10.1177/1609406920920962.
  • Teti, M., Pichon, L., ve Myroniuk, T. W. (2021). Community-engaged qualitative scholarship during a pandemic: Problems, perils and lessons learned. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 20, 1-4. DOI: 10.1177/16094069211025455.
  • The University of Chicago. (2021, 1 Nisan). Life After the COVID-19 Vaccine: Experts envision the ‘new normal’ [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UjB-LFOLGI4&t=17s adresinden erişildi.
  • Till, K. (2001). Returning home and to the field. Geographical Review, 91(1–2), 46–56. DOI: 10.1111/j.1931-0846.2001.tb00457.x. UNCTAD. (2020). The least developed countries report 2020. Productive capacities for new decade: https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/ldcr2020_en.pdf adresinden erişildi.
  • Van Dijk, J. A. (2006). Digital divide research, achievements and shortcomings. Poetics, 34(4-5), 221-235. DOI: 10.1016/j.poetic.2006.05.004.
  • Vindrola-Padros, C., Chisnall, G., Cooper, S., Dowrick, A., Djellouli, N., Symmons, S. M., ve Johnson, G. A. (2020). Carrying out rapid qualitative research during a pandemic: emerging lessons from COVID-19. Qualitative Health Research, 30(14), 2192-2204. DOI: 10.1177/1049732320951526.
  • Weiss, R. (1994). Learning from strangers: The art and method of qualitative interview studies. NY: The Free Press.
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Sociology
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Şebnem Köşer Akçapar This is me 0000-0003-2168-8871

Aysima Çalışan This is me 0000-0002-6702-4379

Publication Date March 20, 2022
Submission Date December 15, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022

Cite

APA Köşer Akçapar, Ş., & Çalışan, A. (2022). PANDEMİ SÜRECİNDE GÖÇMENLERLE ARAŞTIRMA YÜRÜTMEK: NİTELİKSEL YÖNTEMDE ‘YENİ NORMAL’ ÜZERİNE. Sosyoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi, 25(1), 8-22. https://doi.org/10.18490/sosars.1090593

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Sosyoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi / Journal of Sociological Research

SAD / JSR