KÜLTÜRLERARASI KARŞILAŞMALARIN GÖNÜLLÜLER ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ: KAPSAYICI BİR TOPLUM İÇİN SOSYAL SORUMLULUK
Year 2022,
, 217 - 234, 29.04.2022
Ozan Uştuk
,
Işın Can Traunmüller
Abstract
Bu çalışma, İzmir Yüksek Teknoloji Enstitüsü, Toplumsal Sorumluluk Projeler Koordinatörlüğü bünyesinde tasarlanan gönüllülük faaliyetlerinde yer alan üniversite öğrencilerinin deneyimlerine odaklanmaktadır. Toplumsal sorumluluk projeleri, üniversite öğrencilerinin gönüllülük deneyimi aracılığıyla demokratik ve katılımcı kimliğinin gelişimine katkıda bulunmayı ve öğrencilerin kapsayıcı bir toplum yaratmaya yönelik dönüşümde aktif olarak yer almalarını hedeflemektedir. Bu bağlamda gönüllülerin saha projeleri aracılığıyla, farklı nitelikteki sosyal gruplar ile kültürlerarası diyalog geliştirmeleri desteklenmektedir. Ancak bu diyalog, gönüllülerin kaygı duygusunu tetikleyen ve uyum yetkinlikleri geliştirmelerini gerektiren zorlu bir deneyime dönüşebilmektedir. Kültürlerarası diyaloğun gönüllüler üzerindeki etkilerini anlamak için 2016-2020 yılları arasında Toplumsal Sorumluluk Projeler Koordinatörlüğü bünyesinde gönüllü olarak yer almış 43 üniversite öğrencisi ile görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Görüşmeler aracılığıyla gönüllülerin sahada yaşadıkları zorlukları anlamak ve bu zorluklar ile başa çıkma mekanizmalarını ortaya çıkarmak amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca bu süreçte elde edilen verilerden hareketle saha deneyimini kolaylaştırıcı yöntemler keşfedilmiş; Toplumsal Sorumluluk Projeler Koordinatörlüğünün süreç yönetimi bağlamında ne gibi iyileştirmelere ihtiyaç duyduğuna dair önemli iç görüler elde edilmiştir.
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- Giddens, A. (1984). The Constitution of Society. Cambridge: Polity Press.
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- Neuliep, J. W. (2012). The relationship among intercultural communication apprehension, ethnocentrism, uncertainty reduction, and communication satisfaction during initial intercultural interaction: An extension of anxiety and uncertainty management (AUM) theory. Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, 41, 1–16. DOI:10.1080/17475759.2011.623239.
- Netto, V.M., Meirelles, J. V., Pinheiro, M., & Lorea, H. (2017). The Fabric of Encounter: Integration and segregation in the spatiotemporal structure of social networks. Proceedings of the 11th Space Syntax Symposium. Lisbon.
- Nunan, T., George, R., & McCausland, H. (2000). Inclusive education in universities: why it is important and how it might be achieved. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 4(1), 63-88, DOI: 10.1080/136031100284920.
- Özdemir, İ. (2011). Kültürlerarası İletişimin Önemi. CIU Folklor ve Edebiyat, 17(66), 29-37.
- Parekh, B. (2002). Çokkültürlülüğü Yeniden Düşünmek. B. Tanrıseven (Çev.). Ankara: Phoenix Yayınevi.
- Piattoeva, N. (2010). Schooling for multiculturalism? The case of Finland. Finnish journal of ethnicity and migration, 5(3), 4-8.
- Renwick, K. Selkrig, M., Manathunga, C., & Keamy, R. K. (2020). Community engagement is ... : revisiting Boyer's model of scholarship. Higher Education Research & Development, 39(6), 1232-1246, DOI: 10.1080/07294360.2020.1712680.
- Saville-Troike, M. (2003). The Ethnography of Communication. 3rd ed. Oxford: Blackwell.
- Speake, J., Edmondson, S., & Nawaz, H. (2013). Everyday Encounters with Nature: Student's Perceptions and Use of University Campus Green Spaces. Human Geographies, 7(1), 21-31.
- Stephan, W. G., & Stephan, C. W. (1995). Intergroup anxiety. Journal of Social Issues, 41, 157–166.
- Sunnafrank, M. J., & Miller, G. R. (1981). The role of initial conversation in determining attraction to similar and dissimilar strangers. Human Communication Research, 8, 16–25.
- Tennekoon, S. (2015). Crossing the cultural boundaries: Developing intercultural competence of prospective teachers of English. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 5(4), 1–15.
- UNDESA (2007). Final Report on the Expert Group Meeting on Creating an Inclusive Society: Practical Strategies to Promote Social Integration. Unpublished
UNESCO (2018). UNESCO survey on Intercultural Dialogue 2017: Analysis of the Findings. http://uis.unesco.org/sites/default/files/documents/unesco-survey-intercultural-dialogue-2017-analysis-findings-2018-en.pdf adresinden erişildi.
- Uştuk, O. (2019). Emek pazarı ve kimliklenme ilişkisi: İzmir Urla Sıra mahallesi Romanları örneği. Doktora Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
- Uştuk, O. (2021). Teaching Sociological Imagination to Engineering and Life Sciences Students. Proceedings of 13th International Conference of Strategic Research on Scientific Studies and Education, 436-442.
- Ward, C. (2004). Psychological theories of cultural contact and their implications for Intercultural Training and Interventions. In D. Landis, J.M. Bennett, & M.J. Bennett (Eds.) Handbook of Intercultural training 3rd ed. (pp. 185–216). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
- Wildman, S. M., & Davis, A. D. (1995). Language and silence: Making systems of privilege visible. Santa Clara Law Review, 35(3), 881–906.
- Yaylalı-Yıldız, B., Çil, E., & Can, I. (2015). Campus Morphology: Analysis of University Settlements as a Living Space (Kampüs Morfolojisi: Bir Yaşam Alanı Olarak Üniversite Yerleşkelerinin Analizi). Urban Morphology Symposium Turkey (Türkiye Kentsel Morfoloji Sempozyumu), 22-23 October, Mersin: Mersin University.
- Yaylalı-Yıldız, B., Çil, E., Can, I., & Kılıç-Çalğıcı, P. (2013). Analyzing the socio-spatial construction of a university campus: Aegean university as public space of student community. Proceedings of the 9th International Space Syntax Symposium. Y. O. Kim, H. T. Park and K. W. Seo (Ed.). Seoul: Sejong University.
Year 2022,
, 217 - 234, 29.04.2022
Ozan Uştuk
,
Işın Can Traunmüller
References
- Allport, G. W. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
- Anderson, L.E. (1994). A new look at an old construct: Cross-cultural adaptation. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 18(3), 293-328.
- Andersson, J., Sadgrove, J., & Valentine, G. (2012). Consuming campus: geographies of encounter at a British University. Social & Cultural Geography, 13(5), 501-514.
Argyle, M. (1991). Cooperation. London: Routledge.
- Baldwin, J. (2016). Understanding race and privilege. Social Justice, 1-7.
- Barnes, C. (2007). Disability, higher education and the inclusive society. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 28(1), 135-145, DOI: 10.1080/01425690600996832.
- Bennett, J.M.(1998). Transition shock: Putting culture shock in perspective. In M.J. Bennett (Ed.) Basic Concepts of Intercultural Communication (pp. 215-224). Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.
- Berger, C., & Calabrese, R. (1975). Some explorations in Initial Interaction and Beyond: Toward a Developmental Theory of Interpersonal Communication. Human Communication Research, 1, 99–112.
- Boyer, E. L. (1991). The Scholarship of Teaching from: Scholarship Reconsidered: Priorities of the Professoriate. College Teaching, 39(1), 11–13. DOI:10.1080/87567555.1991.10532213.
- Breton, R. (1997). Social participation and social capital: Introductory lecture. Second National Metropolis Conference, November, Montréal.
- Clark, H. H., & Marshall, C. R. (1981). Definite reference and mutual knowledge. In Aravind K. Joshi, Bonnie L. Webber & Ivan A. Sag (Eds.) Elements of Discourse Understanding (pp. 10–63). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Çetindamar, D., & Hopkins, T. (2008). Enhancing students' responsibility towards society through civic involvement projects. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 45(4), 401-410. DOI: 10.1080/14703290802377273.
- DESA, D. (2009). Creating an inclusive Society: Practical strategies to promote social integration. https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/egms/docs/2009/Ghana/inclusive-society.pdf
Eisenstadt, S. (1998). Modernity and the construction of collective identity. International Journal of Comparative Sociology, 39(1), 138–159.
- Ferguson, C. (2008). Promoting social integration. In Report commissioned by the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA) for the Expert Group Meeting on Promoting Social Integration (8-10). July, Helsinki, Finland.
- Festinger, L. (1954). A theory of social comparison processes. Human Relations, 7, 117-140.
- Giddens, A. (1984). The Constitution of Society. Cambridge: Polity Press.
- Grobbelaar, S. S., Schiller, U., & de Wet, G. (2017). University-supported inclusive innovation platform: the case of University of Fort Hare. Innovation and Development, 7(2), 249-270, DOI: 10.1080/2157930X.2016.1252376.
- Gudykunst, W. B. (2003). Cross-cultural and intercultural communication. Thousand Oaks: CA: Sage.
- Gudykunst, W. B. (2004). Anxiety/Uncertainty management (AUM) Theory of Effective Communication: Making the Mesh of the Net Finer. In Gudykunst, W. B. (Eds.) Theorizing about intercultural communication (pp. 281–320). Thousand Oaks: CA: Sage.
- Gudykunst, W. B., Chua, E., & Gray, A. J. (1987). Cultural similarities and uncertainty reduction process. In M. McLaughlin (Eds.) Communication Yearbook 10 (pp. 456–469), Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
- Gudykunst, W., B., Nishida, T., & Chua, E. (1987). Perceptions of social penetration in Japanese-American dyads. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 11, 171–189.
- Hillier, B., & Hanson, J. (1984). The Social Logic of Space. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Humpage, L. (2006). An 'inclusive society': a leap forward for Maori in New Zealand? Critical Social Policy, 26 (1), 220-242.
- Jacobs, J. (1969). The Economy of Cities. New York: Random House.
- Kim, E. Y. (2001). The yin and the yang of American culture: A paradox. Yarmouth: ME: Intercultural Press.
- Kim, Y. Y. (2001). Becoming intercultural: An integrative theory of communication and crosscultural adaptation. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
- Kim, Y. Y. (2017). Cross-Cultural Adaptation. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Communication içinde. Oxford University Press.
- Klyukanov, I. E. (2021). Principles of intercultural communication. 2nd ed. London: Routledge.
- Kramer, E. M. (2000). Cultural fusion and the defense of difference. In M.K. Asante & E. Min (Eds.) Socio-cultural conflict between African Americans and Korean Americans (pp. 183–230). Lanham, MD: University Press of America.
- Lutfiyya, Z. M., & Bartlett, N. A. (2020). Inclusive Societies. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Education içinde. UK: Oxford University Press.
- Narasimharao, B. P. (2009). Knowledge Economy and Knowledge Society: Role of University Outreach Programs in India. Science, Technology & Society, 14 (1), 119-151.
- Neuliep, J. W. (2012). The relationship among intercultural communication apprehension, ethnocentrism, uncertainty reduction, and communication satisfaction during initial intercultural interaction: An extension of anxiety and uncertainty management (AUM) theory. Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, 41, 1–16. DOI:10.1080/17475759.2011.623239.
- Netto, V.M., Meirelles, J. V., Pinheiro, M., & Lorea, H. (2017). The Fabric of Encounter: Integration and segregation in the spatiotemporal structure of social networks. Proceedings of the 11th Space Syntax Symposium. Lisbon.
- Nunan, T., George, R., & McCausland, H. (2000). Inclusive education in universities: why it is important and how it might be achieved. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 4(1), 63-88, DOI: 10.1080/136031100284920.
- Özdemir, İ. (2011). Kültürlerarası İletişimin Önemi. CIU Folklor ve Edebiyat, 17(66), 29-37.
- Parekh, B. (2002). Çokkültürlülüğü Yeniden Düşünmek. B. Tanrıseven (Çev.). Ankara: Phoenix Yayınevi.
- Piattoeva, N. (2010). Schooling for multiculturalism? The case of Finland. Finnish journal of ethnicity and migration, 5(3), 4-8.
- Renwick, K. Selkrig, M., Manathunga, C., & Keamy, R. K. (2020). Community engagement is ... : revisiting Boyer's model of scholarship. Higher Education Research & Development, 39(6), 1232-1246, DOI: 10.1080/07294360.2020.1712680.
- Saville-Troike, M. (2003). The Ethnography of Communication. 3rd ed. Oxford: Blackwell.
- Speake, J., Edmondson, S., & Nawaz, H. (2013). Everyday Encounters with Nature: Student's Perceptions and Use of University Campus Green Spaces. Human Geographies, 7(1), 21-31.
- Stephan, W. G., & Stephan, C. W. (1995). Intergroup anxiety. Journal of Social Issues, 41, 157–166.
- Sunnafrank, M. J., & Miller, G. R. (1981). The role of initial conversation in determining attraction to similar and dissimilar strangers. Human Communication Research, 8, 16–25.
- Tennekoon, S. (2015). Crossing the cultural boundaries: Developing intercultural competence of prospective teachers of English. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 5(4), 1–15.
- UNDESA (2007). Final Report on the Expert Group Meeting on Creating an Inclusive Society: Practical Strategies to Promote Social Integration. Unpublished
UNESCO (2018). UNESCO survey on Intercultural Dialogue 2017: Analysis of the Findings. http://uis.unesco.org/sites/default/files/documents/unesco-survey-intercultural-dialogue-2017-analysis-findings-2018-en.pdf adresinden erişildi.
- Uştuk, O. (2019). Emek pazarı ve kimliklenme ilişkisi: İzmir Urla Sıra mahallesi Romanları örneği. Doktora Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
- Uştuk, O. (2021). Teaching Sociological Imagination to Engineering and Life Sciences Students. Proceedings of 13th International Conference of Strategic Research on Scientific Studies and Education, 436-442.
- Ward, C. (2004). Psychological theories of cultural contact and their implications for Intercultural Training and Interventions. In D. Landis, J.M. Bennett, & M.J. Bennett (Eds.) Handbook of Intercultural training 3rd ed. (pp. 185–216). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
- Wildman, S. M., & Davis, A. D. (1995). Language and silence: Making systems of privilege visible. Santa Clara Law Review, 35(3), 881–906.
- Yaylalı-Yıldız, B., Çil, E., & Can, I. (2015). Campus Morphology: Analysis of University Settlements as a Living Space (Kampüs Morfolojisi: Bir Yaşam Alanı Olarak Üniversite Yerleşkelerinin Analizi). Urban Morphology Symposium Turkey (Türkiye Kentsel Morfoloji Sempozyumu), 22-23 October, Mersin: Mersin University.
- Yaylalı-Yıldız, B., Çil, E., Can, I., & Kılıç-Çalğıcı, P. (2013). Analyzing the socio-spatial construction of a university campus: Aegean university as public space of student community. Proceedings of the 9th International Space Syntax Symposium. Y. O. Kim, H. T. Park and K. W. Seo (Ed.). Seoul: Sejong University.