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SOUTH AFRICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL WORK ON BOYS, MEN AND MASCULINITIES: TWO DECADES OF MASCULINITY RESEARCH POST FIRST DEMOCRATIC ELECTIONS (1994 – 2011)

Year 2017, , 176 - 200, 25.04.2017
https://doi.org/10.18490/sosars.308754

Abstract

The research on masculinities in South Africa has grown rapidly over the last two decades. This paper is an attempt to review of theory and research on masculinities published in South Africa and unpacks the key foci of South African Psychology on masculinities and to analyse the dominant discourses inherent in these work. This paper approaches South African psychology, through the vehicle of the two key journals, the South African Journal of Psychology (SAJP) and Psychology in Society (PINS) published from 1994 to 2011. Our analysis suggests two clear streams of work looking at boys, men and masculinities in South African Psychology. Firstly, there are those that fall into the traditional paradigm of reproducing notions of an essentialised binarism of gender. Secondly, there is the work that focuses on performances of masculinities which draws primarily on current interdisciplinary research generated internationally and locally within the framework of critical men’s studies.

References

  • *Blackbeard, D. & Lindegger, G. (2007). Building a Wall Around Themselves': Exploring Adolescent Masculinity and Abjection with Photo-Biographical Research. South African Journal of Psychology, 37 (1), 25-46. Bohan, J.S. (Ed.) (1992). Seldom Seen, Rarely Heard: Women’s Place in Psychology. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press. *Boonzaier, F. & de la Rey, C. (2004). Woman Abuse: The Construction of Gender in Women and Men's Narratives of Violence. South African Journal of Psychology, 34 (3), 443-463. *Braine, J.D., & Bless, C. & Fox, P.M.C. (1995). How Do Students Perceive Sexual Harassment?: An Investigation on The University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus. South African Journal of Psychology, 25 (3), 140-149. Butler, J. (1990). Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Gender. London: Routledge. Butler, J. (1993). Bodies That Matter: On The Discursive Limits Of Sex. London: Routledge. Butler, J. (1994). Against Proper Objects, Differences. A Journal of Feminist Cultural Studies, 6 (2&3), 1–26. Butler, J. (2000). Critically Queer, in: P. Du Gay, J. Evans & P. Redman (Eds) Identity: A Reader. London: Sage/Open University Press. Butler, J. (2004). Gender Undone. Boca Raton, FL: Routledge Taylor and Francis. **Chadwick, R. & Foster, D. (2007). In Transition But Never Undone?: Contesting Masculinity. Psychology in Society, 35, 27-37. Chesler, P. (1972). Women and Madness. Garden City, New York: Doubleday. 4 * denotes articles from the South African Journal of Psychology (SAJP) ** denotes articles from Psychology in Society (PINS) South African Psychological Work on Boys, Men and Masculinities: Two Decades of Masculinity Research Post First Democratic Elections (1994 – 2011) Prof. Cheryl Potgieter Assoc. Prof. Hande Eslen-Ziya Prof. Tamara Shefer SAD / JSR Cilt / Volume 20 Sayı / Number 1 194 Connell, R.W. (1987). Gender and Power. Stanford, Ca: Stanford University Press. Connell, R.W. (2005). Masculinities (2nd ed.). California: University of California Press. **Cooper, A. (2009). "Gevaarlike Transitions": Negotiating Hegemonic Masculinity and Rites of Passage Amongst Coloured Boys Awaiting Trial on the Cape Flats. Psychology in Society, 37, 1 - 17. Cooper, S., Nicholas, L., Seedat, M. & Statman, J. M. (1990). Psychology and Apartheid: The Struggle for Psychology in South Africa. In L. Nicholas & S. Cooper (Eds.), Psychology and Apartheid. Johannesburg: Vision/Madiba Press. *Corbet-Owen, C. (2003). Women's Perceptions of Partner Support in the Context of Pregnancy Loss(es). South African Journal of Psychology, 33 (1), 19-27. **Davies, & Eagle, G. (2007). “Nowadays They Say …”: Adolescent Peer Counsellors’ Appreciation of Changes in the Construction of Masculinity. Psychology in Society, 35, 53-72. *De La Harpe, K., & Boonzaier, F. (2011). Women's Experiences of an Intervention for Violent Men. South African Journal of Psychology, 41 (2), 147-156. **Dewing, S. & Foster, D. (2007). Men’s Body Related Practices and Meanings of Masculinity. Psychology in Society, 35, 38 - 52. **Eagle, G. & Hayes, G. (2007). Masculinity in Transition – 1. Psychology in Society, 35, 1-3. *Edwards, D., & Moldan, S. (2004). Bulimic Pathology in Black Students in South Africa: Some Unexpected Findings. South African Journal of Psychology, 34 (2), 191-205. **Favell, A. M. (1998). Notes on the Intervention of Men Who Use Violence Against Intimates. Psychology in Society, 23, 35 - 51. *Fourie, J.C. & Stuart, A. (1996). The Role of Temperament and Gender in Functional Hemispheric Asymmetry and the Perception of Emotion. South African Journal of Psychology, 26 (1), 52-62. *Freeman, A.C. & Szabo, C.P. (2005). Eating Disorders in South African Males: A Review of the Clinical Presentation of Hospitalized Patients. South African Journal of Psychology, 35 (4), 601-622. South African Psychological Work on Boys, Men and Masculinities: Two Decades of Masculinity Research Post First Democratic Elections (1994 – 2011) Prof. Cheryl Potgieter Assoc. Prof. Hande Eslen-Ziya Prof. Tamara Shefer SAD / JSR Cilt / Volume 20 Sayı / Number 1 195 **Frizelle, K. & Kell, G. (2010). A Contextual Account of Motherhood. Psychology in Society, 39, 26 - 44. *Fry, J., Greenop, K., Turnbull, O. & Bowman, C. (2009). The Effect of Education and Gender on Emotion-Based Decision-Making. South African Journal of Psychology, 39 (1), 122-132. *Gibbs, A. & Jobson, G. (2011). Narratives of Masculinity in the Daily Sun: Implications for HIV Risk and Prevention. South African Journal of Psychology, 41 (2), 173-186. Gibson, D. & Hardon, A. (2005). Rethinking Masculinities, Violence and AIDS. Amsterdam: Het Spinhuis. Hare-Mustin, R. & Marecek, J. (Eds.) (1990). Making a Difference: Psychology and the Construction of Gender. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. *Harris, E., Lea, S. & Foster, D. (1995). The Construction of Gender: An Analysis of Men's Talk on Gender. South African Journal of Psychology, 25 (3), 175-183. **Hayes, G. (2010). Siyanda Ndlovu. Psychology in Society, 39, 54 - 55. *Henderson, N. & Shefer, T. (2008). Practices of Power and Abuse in Gay Male Relationships: An Exploratory Case Study of a Young, Xhosa-Speaking Man in the Western Cape, South Africa. South African Journal of Psychology, 38(1), 1-20. *Hoosen, S. & Collins, A. (2004). Sex, Sexuality and Sickness: Discourses of Gender and HIV / AIDS among Kwazulu-Natal Women. South African Journal of Psychology, 34 (3), 487- 505. *Huysamen, G.K. & Roozendaal, L.A. (1999). Curricular Choice and the Differential Prediction of the Tertiary-Academic Performance of Men and Women. South African Journal of Psychology, 29 (2), 87-93. **Joseph, L. & Lindegger, G. (2007). The Construction of Adolescent Masculinity by Visually Impaired Adolescents. Psychology in Society, 35, 73 - 92. *Kaminer, D. & Dixon, J. (1995). The Reproduction of Masculinity: A Discourse Analysis of Men's Drinking Talk. South African Journal of Psychology, 25 (3), 168-174. *Kane, A. & Lowis, M.J. (1999). Seasonal Affective Disorder and Personality, Age, and Gender. South African Journal of Psychology, 29 (3), 124-127. South African Psychological Work on Boys, Men and Masculinities: Two Decades of Masculinity Research Post First Democratic Elections (1994 – 2011) Prof. Cheryl Potgieter Assoc. Prof. Hande Eslen-Ziya Prof. Tamara Shefer SAD / JSR Cilt / Volume 20 Sayı / Number 1 196 *Kottler, A. & Swartz, S. (1995). Talking About Wolf-Whistles: Negotiating Gender Positions in Conversation. South African Journal of Psychology, 25 (3), 184-190. **Langa, M. (2008). Using Photo-Narratives to Explore the Construction of Young Masculinities. Psychology in Society, 36, 6 - 23. *Lesch, E. & Kruger, L.M. (2004). Reflections on the Sexual Agency Of Young Women in a Low-Income Rural South African Community. South African Journal of Psychology, 34 (3), 464-486. Levett, A. & Kottler, A. (1998). Through A Lens, Darkly. In Burman, E. (ed.), Deconstructing Feminist Psychology, 184-205. London: Sage. Lott, B. (1990). Dual Natures or Learned Behaviour: The Challenges to Feminist Psychology. In R. T. Hare-Mustin & J. Maracek (Eds), Making a difference: psychology and the construction of gender (pp. 65-101). New Haven: Yale University Press. **Louw, J. (1992). "To Rule and Own, or To Live Like Shy Deer": The Dilemmas of a Profession. Psychology in Society, 16, 49-60. *Luyt, R. & Foster, D. (2001). Hegemonic Masculine Conceptualisation in Gang Culture. South African Journal of Psychology, 31 (3), 1-11. *Macheke, C. & Campbell, C. (1998). Perceptions of HIV/AIDS on a Johannesburg Gold Mine. South African Journal of Psychology, 28 (3), 146-153. *Macleod, C. (1995). Gender Differences in Mathematics: A Discourse Analysis. South African Journal of Psychology, 25 (3), 191-202. Macleod, C. (2006). Radical Plural Feminisms and Emancipatory Practice in Post-Apartheid South Africa. Theory & Psychology, 16, 367–389. **Macleod, C. (2007). The Risk Of Phallocentrism in Masculinities Studies: How a Revision of the Concept of Patriarchy Might Help. Psychology in Society, 35, 4-14. **Mankayi, N. (2008). Masculinity, Sexuality and the Body of Male Soldiers. Psychology in Society, 36, 24 - 44. South African Psychological Work on Boys, Men and Masculinities: Two Decades of Masculinity Research Post First Democratic Elections (1994 – 2011) Prof. Cheryl Potgieter Assoc. Prof. Hande Eslen-Ziya Prof. Tamara Shefer SAD / JSR Cilt / Volume 20 Sayı / Number 1 197 Mankowski, E.S. & Maton, K.I. (2010). A Community Psychology of Men and Masculinity: Historical and Conceptual Review. American Journal of Community Psychology, 45, 73-86. *May, A. & Spangenberg, J.J. (1997). Androgyny and Coping in Men with a Managerial Orientation. South African Journal of Psychology, 27 (4), 244-249. **Mfecane, S. (2008). Living With HIV as A Man: Implications for Masculinity. Psychology in Society, 36, 45 - 60. Morawski, J.G. (1990). Practising Feminisms, Reconstructing Psychology: Notes on a Liminal Science. United States of America: The University of Michigan Press. Morrell, R. (2001). From Boys to Gentlemen: Settler Masculinity in Colonial Natal, 1880-1920. Pretoria: UNISA Press. Morrell, R., Jewkes, R. & Lindegger, G. (2012). Hegemonic Masculinity/Masculinities in South Africa: Culture, Power and Gender Politics. Men and Masculinities, 15(1) 11-30. Mwamwenda, T.S. (1994). Test Anxiety and Academic Achievement among South African University Students. Psychological Reports: 75, 1593-1594. Nicholas, L. (1990). The Response of South African Professional Psychology Associations to Apartheid. In L. Nicholas, S. Cooper (Eds.), Psychology and Apartheid. Johannesburg: Vision/Madiba Press. Nicholas, L. (1993). Psychology in South Africa: The Need for an Openly Politically Contextualised Discipline. In L. Nicholas (Ed.), Psychology and Oppression: Critiques and Proposals. Johannesburg: Skotaville. **Nichols, H. & Foster, D. (2005). Embodied Identities and Positional Choices: How Tattoos Construct Identity and Negotiate a Tattooed Status Within Society. Psychology in Society, 32, 1 - 23. *Oosthuizen, C. M. & Wissing, M. P. (2005). Prevalence of Violence against Women: Distress, Coping and Psychological Well-Being. Surviving the Fire? South African Journal of Psychology, 35 (4), 637-656. South African Psychological Work on Boys, Men and Masculinities: Two Decades of Masculinity Research Post First Democratic Elections (1994 – 2011) Prof. Cheryl Potgieter Assoc. Prof. Hande Eslen-Ziya Prof. Tamara Shefer SAD / JSR Cilt / Volume 20 Sayı / Number 1 198 Ouzgane, L. and Morrell, R. (Eds/) (2005). 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Year 2017, , 176 - 200, 25.04.2017
https://doi.org/10.18490/sosars.308754

Abstract

References

  • *Blackbeard, D. & Lindegger, G. (2007). Building a Wall Around Themselves': Exploring Adolescent Masculinity and Abjection with Photo-Biographical Research. South African Journal of Psychology, 37 (1), 25-46. Bohan, J.S. (Ed.) (1992). Seldom Seen, Rarely Heard: Women’s Place in Psychology. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press. *Boonzaier, F. & de la Rey, C. (2004). Woman Abuse: The Construction of Gender in Women and Men's Narratives of Violence. South African Journal of Psychology, 34 (3), 443-463. *Braine, J.D., & Bless, C. & Fox, P.M.C. (1995). How Do Students Perceive Sexual Harassment?: An Investigation on The University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus. South African Journal of Psychology, 25 (3), 140-149. Butler, J. (1990). Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Gender. London: Routledge. Butler, J. (1993). Bodies That Matter: On The Discursive Limits Of Sex. London: Routledge. Butler, J. (1994). Against Proper Objects, Differences. A Journal of Feminist Cultural Studies, 6 (2&3), 1–26. Butler, J. (2000). Critically Queer, in: P. Du Gay, J. Evans & P. Redman (Eds) Identity: A Reader. London: Sage/Open University Press. Butler, J. (2004). Gender Undone. Boca Raton, FL: Routledge Taylor and Francis. **Chadwick, R. & Foster, D. (2007). In Transition But Never Undone?: Contesting Masculinity. Psychology in Society, 35, 27-37. Chesler, P. (1972). Women and Madness. Garden City, New York: Doubleday. 4 * denotes articles from the South African Journal of Psychology (SAJP) ** denotes articles from Psychology in Society (PINS) South African Psychological Work on Boys, Men and Masculinities: Two Decades of Masculinity Research Post First Democratic Elections (1994 – 2011) Prof. Cheryl Potgieter Assoc. Prof. Hande Eslen-Ziya Prof. Tamara Shefer SAD / JSR Cilt / Volume 20 Sayı / Number 1 194 Connell, R.W. (1987). Gender and Power. Stanford, Ca: Stanford University Press. Connell, R.W. (2005). Masculinities (2nd ed.). California: University of California Press. **Cooper, A. (2009). "Gevaarlike Transitions": Negotiating Hegemonic Masculinity and Rites of Passage Amongst Coloured Boys Awaiting Trial on the Cape Flats. Psychology in Society, 37, 1 - 17. Cooper, S., Nicholas, L., Seedat, M. & Statman, J. M. (1990). Psychology and Apartheid: The Struggle for Psychology in South Africa. In L. Nicholas & S. Cooper (Eds.), Psychology and Apartheid. Johannesburg: Vision/Madiba Press. *Corbet-Owen, C. (2003). Women's Perceptions of Partner Support in the Context of Pregnancy Loss(es). South African Journal of Psychology, 33 (1), 19-27. **Davies, & Eagle, G. (2007). “Nowadays They Say …”: Adolescent Peer Counsellors’ Appreciation of Changes in the Construction of Masculinity. Psychology in Society, 35, 53-72. *De La Harpe, K., & Boonzaier, F. (2011). Women's Experiences of an Intervention for Violent Men. South African Journal of Psychology, 41 (2), 147-156. **Dewing, S. & Foster, D. (2007). Men’s Body Related Practices and Meanings of Masculinity. Psychology in Society, 35, 38 - 52. **Eagle, G. & Hayes, G. (2007). Masculinity in Transition – 1. Psychology in Society, 35, 1-3. *Edwards, D., & Moldan, S. (2004). Bulimic Pathology in Black Students in South Africa: Some Unexpected Findings. South African Journal of Psychology, 34 (2), 191-205. **Favell, A. M. (1998). Notes on the Intervention of Men Who Use Violence Against Intimates. Psychology in Society, 23, 35 - 51. *Fourie, J.C. & Stuart, A. (1996). The Role of Temperament and Gender in Functional Hemispheric Asymmetry and the Perception of Emotion. South African Journal of Psychology, 26 (1), 52-62. *Freeman, A.C. & Szabo, C.P. (2005). Eating Disorders in South African Males: A Review of the Clinical Presentation of Hospitalized Patients. South African Journal of Psychology, 35 (4), 601-622. South African Psychological Work on Boys, Men and Masculinities: Two Decades of Masculinity Research Post First Democratic Elections (1994 – 2011) Prof. Cheryl Potgieter Assoc. Prof. Hande Eslen-Ziya Prof. Tamara Shefer SAD / JSR Cilt / Volume 20 Sayı / Number 1 195 **Frizelle, K. & Kell, G. (2010). A Contextual Account of Motherhood. Psychology in Society, 39, 26 - 44. *Fry, J., Greenop, K., Turnbull, O. & Bowman, C. (2009). The Effect of Education and Gender on Emotion-Based Decision-Making. South African Journal of Psychology, 39 (1), 122-132. *Gibbs, A. & Jobson, G. (2011). Narratives of Masculinity in the Daily Sun: Implications for HIV Risk and Prevention. South African Journal of Psychology, 41 (2), 173-186. Gibson, D. & Hardon, A. (2005). Rethinking Masculinities, Violence and AIDS. Amsterdam: Het Spinhuis. Hare-Mustin, R. & Marecek, J. (Eds.) (1990). Making a Difference: Psychology and the Construction of Gender. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. *Harris, E., Lea, S. & Foster, D. (1995). The Construction of Gender: An Analysis of Men's Talk on Gender. South African Journal of Psychology, 25 (3), 175-183. **Hayes, G. (2010). Siyanda Ndlovu. Psychology in Society, 39, 54 - 55. *Henderson, N. & Shefer, T. (2008). Practices of Power and Abuse in Gay Male Relationships: An Exploratory Case Study of a Young, Xhosa-Speaking Man in the Western Cape, South Africa. South African Journal of Psychology, 38(1), 1-20. *Hoosen, S. & Collins, A. (2004). Sex, Sexuality and Sickness: Discourses of Gender and HIV / AIDS among Kwazulu-Natal Women. South African Journal of Psychology, 34 (3), 487- 505. *Huysamen, G.K. & Roozendaal, L.A. (1999). Curricular Choice and the Differential Prediction of the Tertiary-Academic Performance of Men and Women. South African Journal of Psychology, 29 (2), 87-93. **Joseph, L. & Lindegger, G. (2007). The Construction of Adolescent Masculinity by Visually Impaired Adolescents. Psychology in Society, 35, 73 - 92. *Kaminer, D. & Dixon, J. (1995). The Reproduction of Masculinity: A Discourse Analysis of Men's Drinking Talk. South African Journal of Psychology, 25 (3), 168-174. *Kane, A. & Lowis, M.J. (1999). Seasonal Affective Disorder and Personality, Age, and Gender. South African Journal of Psychology, 29 (3), 124-127. South African Psychological Work on Boys, Men and Masculinities: Two Decades of Masculinity Research Post First Democratic Elections (1994 – 2011) Prof. Cheryl Potgieter Assoc. Prof. Hande Eslen-Ziya Prof. Tamara Shefer SAD / JSR Cilt / Volume 20 Sayı / Number 1 196 *Kottler, A. & Swartz, S. (1995). Talking About Wolf-Whistles: Negotiating Gender Positions in Conversation. South African Journal of Psychology, 25 (3), 184-190. **Langa, M. (2008). Using Photo-Narratives to Explore the Construction of Young Masculinities. Psychology in Society, 36, 6 - 23. *Lesch, E. & Kruger, L.M. (2004). Reflections on the Sexual Agency Of Young Women in a Low-Income Rural South African Community. South African Journal of Psychology, 34 (3), 464-486. Levett, A. & Kottler, A. (1998). Through A Lens, Darkly. In Burman, E. (ed.), Deconstructing Feminist Psychology, 184-205. London: Sage. Lott, B. (1990). Dual Natures or Learned Behaviour: The Challenges to Feminist Psychology. In R. T. Hare-Mustin & J. Maracek (Eds), Making a difference: psychology and the construction of gender (pp. 65-101). New Haven: Yale University Press. **Louw, J. (1992). "To Rule and Own, or To Live Like Shy Deer": The Dilemmas of a Profession. Psychology in Society, 16, 49-60. *Luyt, R. & Foster, D. (2001). Hegemonic Masculine Conceptualisation in Gang Culture. South African Journal of Psychology, 31 (3), 1-11. *Macheke, C. & Campbell, C. (1998). Perceptions of HIV/AIDS on a Johannesburg Gold Mine. South African Journal of Psychology, 28 (3), 146-153. *Macleod, C. (1995). Gender Differences in Mathematics: A Discourse Analysis. South African Journal of Psychology, 25 (3), 191-202. Macleod, C. (2006). Radical Plural Feminisms and Emancipatory Practice in Post-Apartheid South Africa. Theory & Psychology, 16, 367–389. **Macleod, C. (2007). The Risk Of Phallocentrism in Masculinities Studies: How a Revision of the Concept of Patriarchy Might Help. Psychology in Society, 35, 4-14. **Mankayi, N. (2008). Masculinity, Sexuality and the Body of Male Soldiers. Psychology in Society, 36, 24 - 44. South African Psychological Work on Boys, Men and Masculinities: Two Decades of Masculinity Research Post First Democratic Elections (1994 – 2011) Prof. Cheryl Potgieter Assoc. Prof. Hande Eslen-Ziya Prof. Tamara Shefer SAD / JSR Cilt / Volume 20 Sayı / Number 1 197 Mankowski, E.S. & Maton, K.I. (2010). A Community Psychology of Men and Masculinity: Historical and Conceptual Review. American Journal of Community Psychology, 45, 73-86. *May, A. & Spangenberg, J.J. (1997). 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Journal Section Articles
Authors

Cheryl Potgıeter This is me

Hande Eslen-zıya This is me

Tamara Shefer This is me

Publication Date April 25, 2017
Submission Date December 31, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2017

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APA Potgıeter, C., Eslen-zıya, H., & Shefer, T. (2017). SOUTH AFRICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL WORK ON BOYS, MEN AND MASCULINITIES: TWO DECADES OF MASCULINITY RESEARCH POST FIRST DEMOCRATIC ELECTIONS (1994 – 2011). Sosyoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi, 20(1), 176-200. https://doi.org/10.18490/sosars.308754

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Sosyoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi / Journal of Sociological Research

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