COVID-19 PANDEMİSİ SÜRECİNDE KADIN EMEĞİNİN GÖRÜNÜMLERİ

Year 2021, Issue: 41-42, 263 - 283, 26.11.2021

Bengi Bezirgan Tanış

Abstract

Bu çalışma COVID-19 pandemisi sürecinde daha görünür hâle gelen kadın emeği konusunu ücretli emek ve bakım emeği ekseninde tartışmaktadır. Toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizliğinin önemli noktalarından olan kadınların ücretli ve karşılıksız emeği üzerinde pandemi koşullarının etkilerini incelemektedir. İlk olarak kadınların salgın süresince işgücüne katılımı, toplumsal cinsiyete bağlı gelişen istihdam modelleri ile ekonomilerdeki istihdam açıklarının eşitsiz emek koşullarıyla karşılanması ele alınmaktadır. İkinci olarak ev içi emeğin birincil toplumsal aktörleri olarak görülen kadınların bakım ekonomisinde üstlendikleri roller pandemi dönemine özgü koşullar bağlamında değerlendirilmektedir. Bu bağlamda COVID-19 pandemisi bir yandan ücretli kadın emeği ile bakım emeği üzerindeki baskın ataerkil denetimi bir kez daha gözlemlemek açısından turnusol kâğıdı işlevi üstlenmiştir. Diğer yandan salgın koşulları kapitalizm ile ataerkilliği kendilerine özgü eşitsizlikler yaratan ve farklı etki alanları olan iki ayrı sistem gibi düşünmenin ve bu doğrultuda analiz etmenin yeterli olmayacağını yeniden hatırlatmıştır. Kapitalizm ve ataerkillik krizi olarak da tanımlanabilen COVID-19 pandemisi hem ücretli hem de ücretsiz kadın emeğinin nasıl gözden çıkarılabildiği, değersizleştirildiği ve güvencesiz hale getirildiğini anlamak açısından kapitalist sistem ile ataerkil tahakküm ilişkileri arasındaki iş birliğini açığa çıkarmaktadır. Bu noktalardan hareketle bu çalışma, COVID-19 pandemisi sırasında belirginleşen ve derinleşen toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizliği sorununa kamusal ve özel alandaki kadın emeğinin konumlandırılışı üzerinden ışık tutmayı amaçlamaktadır.

Keywords

COVID-19 Pandemisi, Ücretli Kadın Emeği, Bakım Emeği, Kapitalizm, Ataerkillik

The Displays of Women’s Labor During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract

This study discusses the issue of women's labor, which has become more visible during the process of COVID19 pandemic, on the axis of paid labor and care work. It examines the effects of the conditions of pandemic on the paid and unpaid labor of women, which are the important points of gender inequality. First, the participation of women in the workforce during the pandemic is addressed along with the employment models that have developed based on gender and the supply of employment gaps in economies with unequal labor conditions. Second, the roles of women, who are regarded as the primary social actors of domestic labor, in the care economy are examined within the context of pandemic conditions. In this regard, the COVID-19 pandemic, on one hand, has served as a litmus paper to observe once more the dominant patriarchal control over paid women's labor and care labor. On the other hand, the pandemic conditions reminded once again that it would not be sufficient to consider capitalism and patriarchy as two separate systems that create their own inequalities and have different spheres of influence and analyze them accordingly. The COVID-19 pandemic, which is also defined as the crisis of capitalism and patriarchy, reveals the cooperation between the capitalist system and patriarchal domination relations to understand how both paid and unpaid women's labor can be sacrificed, devalued, and made insecure. Based on these points, this study aims to shed light on the problem of gender inequality, which has become evident and deepened during the COVID-19 pandemic, through the positioning of women's labor in the public and private spheres.

Keywords

COVID-19 Pandemic, Paid Women’s Labor, Care Labor, Capitalism, Patriarchy

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