Women Labour: What Was It? What Is It Now? A Theoretical Analysis Based on Different Economic Perspectives

Year 2022, Volume: 30 Issue: 53, 49 - 85, 29.07.2022

Betül Sarı

https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2022.03.03

Abstract

One of the main mechanisms of development in economies is the efficient use of factors of production. In the use of labour, one of the primary production resources in economies, it can be said that there is a distribution in favour of men in many countries in terms of existing gender patterns. Women's labour remains secondary because men are central in almost all social institutions and relations, and men's leading position is also considered. Women are generally held responsible for domestic work, making them less likely to benefit from labour markets and educational opportunities than males. However, within the framework of the evolution of economic thought and development, economics emerged as a separate discipline following the Second World War. Some changes in women’s labour and pertinent views about it have occurred. The impact of women's labour on development has begun to be grasped. In all these contexts, in this study, the socio-economic and cultural advancement and turn of women’s labour concerning the evolution of economic thought and development economics are investigated, and the place and magnitude of women's labour in development are discussed.

Keywords

Women Labour, Economic Thought, Economic Development, Domestic Labour

Kadın Emeği: Neydi, Ne Oldu? Farklı İktisadi Anlayışlar Temelinde Kuramsal Bir Analiz

Abstract

Ekonomilerde kalkınmanın temel sağlayıcı mekanizmalarından biri üretim faktörlerinin etkin kullanımıdır. Ekonomilerde ana üretim kaynaklarından biri olan emeğin kullanımında, birçok ülkede var olan toplumsal cinsiyet kalıpları bağlamında erkekler lehine bir dağılım olduğu söylenebilir. Kadının ve kadın emeğinin ekonomilerde ikincil planda kalmasının temel sebebi, hemen hemen bütün toplumsal kurum ve ilişkilerde erkeklerin merkezi konumda yer alması ve erkeklerin merkezi konumunun veri olarak ele alınmasıdır. Kadınların ev içi işlerden genel olarak sorumlu tutulması da kadınların işgücü piyasalarından ve eğitim olanaklarından erkeklere göre daha az faydalanmalarına yol açmaktadır. Ancak; iktisadi düşüncenin ve bunun yanı sıra İkinci Dünya Savaşı’ndan sonraki yıllarda ayrı bir disiplin olarak ortaya çıkan kalkınma iktisadının evrimi çerçevesinde, kadın emeği ve bununla ilgili görüşlerde birtakım değişiklikler meydana gelmiştir. Kadın emeğinin kalkınma üzerindeki etkisi anlaşılmaya başlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda, bu çalışmada, iktisadi düşüncenin ve kalkınma iktisadının evrimi bağlamında kadın emeğinin sosyoekonomik ve kültürel gelişimi ve değişimi incelenerek, kalkınmada kadın emeğinin yeri ve önemi ele alınmıştır.

Keywords

Kadın Emeği, İktisadi Düşünce, İktisadi Kalkınma, Ev İçi Emek

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