The Mediating Role of Employee Well-Being on Linkage Between Turnover Intention of Blue-Collar Employees and Psychological Capital: A Field Study in The Furniture Industry

Year 2022, Volume: 30 Issue: 54, 421 - 441, 25.10.2022

Hilal Demirel , Özge Tayfur Ekmekci

https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2022.04.22

Abstract

This study aims to determine the mediating role of employee well-being in the relationship between psychological capital and turnover intention. The hypotheses were tested by path analysis on the data from 163 blue collars. According to the study, there is a strong positive relationship between psychological capital and well-being. Psychological capital positively predicts subjective and psychological well-being but cannot directly predict workplace well-being. The turnover intention doesn’t have a significant relationship with psychological capital, well-being, and its sub-dimensions, and the dimensions of well-being don’t have a mediating effect. Turnover intention tends to decrease in married and highly educated employees.

Keywords

Turnover Intention, Employee Well-Being, Psychological Capital (PsyCap)

Mavi Yakalı Çalışanların İşten Ayrılma Eğilimleri ve Psikolojik Sermaye İlişkisinde Çalışan İyi Olma Halinin Aracı Rolü: Mobilya Sektörü Üzerine Bir Alan Araştırması

Abstract

Çalışmanın amacı; psikolojik sermaye ve işten ayrılma eğilimi ilişkisinde, çalışan iyi olma halinin aracı rolünün belirlenmesidir. Hipotezler 163 mavi yakalıdan toplanan veriye, yol analizi yapılarak test edilmiştir. Buna göre; psikolojik sermaye ile çalışan iyi olma hali arasında pozitif yönde, güçlü bir ilişki bulunmaktadır. Psikolojik sermaye, öznel ve psikolojik iyi olma halini pozitif yönde tahmin etmekte, iş yeri iyi olma halini doğrudan tahmin edememektedir. İşten ayrılma eğiliminin psikolojik sermaye, iyi olma hali ve alt boyutlarıyla anlamlı bir ilişkisinin olmadığı ve iyi olma hali boyutlarının aracı etkisinin bulunmadığı tespit edilmiştir. İşten ayrılma eğilimi, evli ve eğitim düzeyi yüksek çalışanlarda azalma eğilimi göstermektedir.

Keywords

İşten Ayrılma Eğilimi, Çalışan İyi Olma Hali, Psikolojik Sermaye

References

• Akova, O. et al. (2015), “The Relation Between Demographic Factors and The Turnover Intention in Pre-Opening Hotel Businesses”, Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 207, 377-384.
• Amin, Z. & K.P. Akbar (2013), “Analysis of Psychological Well-Being and Turnover Intentions of Hotel Employees: An Empirical Study”, International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, 3(3), 662-671.
• Ampomah, P. & S.K. Cudjor (2015), “The Effect of Employee Turnover on Organizations (Case Study of Electricity Company of Ghana, Cape Coast)”, Asian Journal of Social Sciences and Management Studies, 2(1), 21-24.
• Arbuckle, J.L. (2014), Amos (Version 23.0) [Computer Program], Chicago: IBM SPSS.
• Ariyabuddhiphongs, V. & S. Marican (2015), “Big Five Personality Traits and Turnover Intention Among Thai Hotel Employees”, International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration, 16(4), 355-374.
• Arora, N. & N. Dhiman (2020), “Influence of Psychological Capital on Turnover Intentions: Empirical Evidence From Indian Paramedics”, International Journal of Work Innovation, 2(4), 247-256.
• Avey, J.B. et al. (2009), “Psychological Capital: A Positive Resource For Combating Employee Stress and Turnover”, Human Resource Management, 48(5), 677-693.
• Avey, J.B. et al. (2010a), “Impact of Positive Psychological Capital on Employee Well-Being Over Time”, Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 15(1), 17-28.
• Avey, J.B. et al. (2010b), “The Additive Value of Positive Psychological Capital in Predicting Work Attitudes and Behaviors” Journal of Management, 36(2), 430-452.
• Babajide, E.O. (2010), “The Influence of Personal Factors on Workers Turnover Intention in Work Organizations in South-West Nigeria”, Journal of Diversity Management, 5(4), 1-9.
• Bakker, A.B. & E. Demerouti (2007), “The Job Demands‐Resources Model: State of The Art”, Journal of Managerial Psychology, 3, 309-328.
• Baptiste, N.R. (2008), “Tightening the Link Between Employee Wellbeing at Work and Performance: A New Dimension For HRM”, Management Decision, 46(2), 284-309.
• Bayhan-Karapınar, P. et al. (2020), “Employee Wellbeing, Workaholism, Work-Family Conflict and Instrumental Spousal Support: A Moderated Mediation Model”, Journal of Happiness Studies, 21, 2451-2471.
• Bayraktaroğlu, S. et al. (2015), “Mavi Yakalı Çalışanlar: Neden Akademik Çalışmalar İçin Cazip Bir Örneklem Değil?”, ISGUC The Journal of Industrial Relations and Human Resources, 17(3), 138-157.
• Boz-Semerci, A. (2018), “Çalışanların İş Güvencesizliği Algısı: Ebeveyn Olan ve Olmayan Çalışanlar Arasındaki Farklılıklar”, Sosyoekonomi, 26(37), 81-102.
• Cammann, C. et al. (1979), The Michigan Organizational Assessment Questionnaire, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor., MI.
• Cammann, C. et al. (1983), “Michigan organizational assessment questionnaire”, in: S.E. Seashore et al. (eds.), Assessing organizational change: a guide to methods, measures, and practices (71-138), New York: Wiley-Interscience.
• Cho, Y.J. & G.B. Lewis (2012), “Turnover Intention and Turnover Behavior: Implications For Retaining Federal Employees”, Review of Public Personnel Administration, 32(1), 4-23.
• Çankaya, M. (2020), “Sağlık Çalışanlarında Algılanan Örgütsel Destek ve Psikolojik İyi Oluşun İşten Ayrılma Niyeti Üzerindeki Etkisi”, Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(8), 79-98.
• Çelik, M. (2018), “The Effect of Psychological Capital Level of Employees on Workplace Stress and Employee Turnover Intention”, Innovar, 28(68), 67-75.
• Çetin, F. & A.K. Varoğlu (2015), “Psikolojik Sermaye, Performans, Ayrılma Niyeti ve İş Tatmini Etkileşimi: Cinsiyetin Düzenleyici Rolü”, İş ve İnsan Dergisi, 2(2), 105-113.
• Çetin, F. & H.N. Basım (2012), “Örgütsel Psikolojik Sermaye: Bir Ölçek Uyarlama Çalışması”, Amme İdaresi Dergisi, 45(1), 121-137.
• Diener, E. et al. (1999), “Subjective Well-Being: Three Decades of Progress”, Psychological Bulletin, 125(2), 276-302.
• Diener, E. et al. (2003), “Personality, Culture, and Subjective Well-Being: Emotional and Cognitive Evaluations of Life”, Annual Review of Psychology, 54(1), 403-425.
• Diržytė, A. & A. Perminas (2021), “Self-Reported Health-Related Experiences, Psychological Capital, and Psychological Wellbeing in Lithuanian Adults Sample”, Health Psychology Open, 8(1), 1-16.
• Erkuş, A. & M.A. Fındıklı (2013), “Psikolojik Sermayenin İş Tatmini, İş Performansı ve İşten Ayrılma Niyeti Üzerindeki Etkisine Yönelik Bir Araştırma”, İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 42(2), 302-318.
• Fishbein, M. & I. Ajzen (1975), Belief Attitude, Intention, and Behavior. An Introduction to Theory and Research, Reading, MA: Addison Wesley Publishing Company.
• Gang, K.B. & Y.J. Lee (2015), “Effect of Positive Psychological Capital on Turnover Intention of Care Worker”, The Journal of the Korea Contents Association, 15(11), 126-136.
• Gottschalck, N. et al. (2020), “For Whom Are Family-Owned Firms Good Employers? An Exploratory Study of The Turnover Intentions of Blue-and White-Collar Workers in Family-Owned and Non-Family-Owned Firms”, Journal of Family Business Strategy, 11(3), 100281.
• Grover, S.L. et al. (2008), “Psychological Capital as a Personal Resource in the JD-R Model”, Personnel Review, 47, 968-984.
• Gupta, M. & M. Shaheen (2017), “The Relationship Between Psychological Capital and Turnover İntention: Work Engagement As Mediator and Work Experience As Moderator”, Jurnal Pengurusan, 49, 117-126.
• Hansen, A. et al. (2015), “Psychological Capital, Subjective Well-Being, Burnout and Job Satisfaction Amongst Educators in The Umlazi Region in South Africa”, Journal of Human Resource Management, 13(1), 1-9.
• Iverson, R.D. & P. Roy (1994), “A Causal Model of Behavioral Commitment: Evidence From a Study of Australian Blue-Collar Employees”, Journal of Management, 20(1), 15-41.
• Jeswani, S. & S. Dave (2012), “Impact of Individual Personality on Turnover Intention: A Study on Faculty Members”, Management and Labour Studies, 37(3), 253-265.
• Jung, M.R. & E. Jeong (2018), “Effects of Nursing Practice Environment and Positive Psychological Capital in Clinical Nurses on Turnover Intention”, Journal of Digital Convergence, 16(2), 277-285.
• Karacaoğlu, K. (2015), “Çalışanların İş Güvencesizliğinin İşten Ayrılma Niyetleri Üzerindeki Etkisi: Alanya Bölgesindeki Beş Yıldızlı Otellerde Bir Araştırma”, International Journal of Alanya Faculty of Business, 7(1), 13-21.
• Keyes, C.L. et al. (2002), “ Optimizing Well-Being: The Empirical Encounter of Two Traditions”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(6), 1007-1022.
• Khajepour, N. et al. (2016), “The Causal Relationship of Psychological Capital With Turnover Intention, Job Burnout and Job Performance: Mediating Role of Job Stress”, Journal of Industrial and Organizational Psychology Studies, 2(2), 61-82.
• Korunka, C. et al. (2008), “Quality of Working Life and Turnover Intention in Information Technology Work”, Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries, 18(4), 409-423.
• Kurt, N. & A.O. Demirbolat (2019), “ Investigation of the Relationship between Psychological Capital Perception, Psychological Well-Being and Job Satisfaction of Teachers”, Journal of Education and Learning, 8(1), 87-99.
• Lazarus, R.S. & S. Folkman (1984), Stress, Appraisal, and Coping, Springer Publishing Company.
• Lazarus, R.S. & S. Folkman, (1986), “Cognitive Theories of Stress and The Issue of Circularity”, in: Dynamics of Stress (63-80), Springer, Boston, MA.
• Li, Z. et al. (2021), “The Effects of Psychological Capital, Social Capital, and Human Capital on Hotel Employees’ Occupational Stress and Turnover Intention”, International Journal of Hospitality Management, 98, 103046.
• Luthans, F. & B.J. Avolio (2014), “Summary of Psychological Capital and Introduction To The Special Issue”, Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 21(2), 125-129.
• Luthans, F. et al. (2007a), Psychological Capital: Developing The Human Competitive Edge, (Vol. 198), Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Luthans, F. et al. (2007b), Psychological Capital Questionnaire Self-Rater Form, Other Rater Form, Scoring Scale, Mind Garden, Inc.
• Mimaroğlu, H. (2008), “Psikolojik Sözleşmenin Personelin Tutum ve Davranışlarına Etkileri: Tıbbi Satış Temsilcileri Üzerine Bir Araştırma”, Doktora Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü İşletme Anabilim Dalı.
• Mobley, W.H. (1977), “Intermediate Linkages in The Relationship Between Job Satisfaction and Employee Turnover”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 62(2), 237.
• ORAN Orta Anadolu Kalkınma Ajansı (2014), Kayseri ve Sivas İlleri Rekabet Gücü Analizi.
• Podsakoff, P.M. et al. (2003), “Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879-903.
• Rabenu, E. et al. (2017), “The Relationship Between Psychological Capital, Coping With Stress, Well-Being, and Performance”, Current Psychology, 36(4), 875-887.
• Schutte, N. et al. (2000), “The Factorial Validity of The Maslach Burnout Inventory‐General Survey (MBI‐GS) Across Occupational Groups and Nations”, Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 73(1), 53-66.
• Shah, I.A. et al. (2010), “Measuring Push, Pull and Personal Factors Affecting Turnover Intention: A Case of University Teachers in Pakistan”, Review of Economic and Business Studies, 3(1), 167-192.
• Singh, A.K. et al. (2014), “Personality Traits and Turnover Intention Among Front Level Managerial Personnel”, Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, 40(2), 228-236.
• Siu, O.L. et al. (2015), “Linking Positive Emotions To Work Well-Being and Turnover Intention Among Hong Kong Police Officers: The Role Of Psychological Capital”, Journal of Happiness Studies, 16(2), 367-380.
• Steel, R.P. & N.K. Ovalle (1984), “A Review and Meta-Analysis of Research on The Relationship Between Behavioral Intentions and Employee Turnover”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 69(4), 673-686.
• Sun, R. & W. Wang (2017), “Transformational Leadership, Employee Turnover Intention, and Actual Voluntary Turnover in Public Organizations”, Public Management Review, 19(8), 1124-1141.
• Suyono, J. et al. (2020), “The Nightmare of Turnover Intention For Companies in Indonesia”, Opción: Revista de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales, (91), 871-888.
• T.C. Ticaret Bakanlığı (2021), Mobilya Sektör Raporu 2021, İhracat Genel Müdürlüğü, Maden, Metal ve Orman Ürünleri Dairesi.
• Takase, M. (2010), “A Concept Analysis of Turnover Intention: Implications For Nursing Management”, Collegian, 17(1), 3-12.
• Taş, Y. et al. (2019), “Psikolojik İyi Olmanın İşten Ayrılma Niyetine Etkisinde İş Stresinin Aracı Rolü”, 3. Uluslararası 13. Ulusal Sağlık ve Hastane İdaresi Kongresi (960-969), Sakarya.
• Tett, R.P. & J.P. Meyer (1993), “Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, Turnover Intention, and Turnover: Path Analyses Based on Meta‐Analytic Findings”, Personnel Psychology, 46(2), 259-293.
• Tims, M. et al. (2013), “The Impact of Job Crafting on Job Demands, Job Resources, and Well-Being”, Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 18(2), 230-240.
• Ulutaş M. (2019), “Sık İş Değiştirme Olgusu ve Alternatif İş Bulabilme Algısının İşgörenlerin İşten Ayrılma Niyeti Üzerine Etkisi: Bişkek Yiyecek İçecek İşletmeleri Üzerine Bir Alan Araştırması”, MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 8(4), 3470-3482.
• Van der Heijden, B.I. et al. (2018), “Job Characteristics and Experience As Predictors of Occupational Turnover Intention and Occupational Turnover in The European Nursing Sector”, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 108, 108-120.
• Warr, P. (1999), “Well-Being and the Workplace”, in: D. Kahneman et al. (eds.), Well-Being: Foundations of Hedonic Psychology (392-412), New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
• Wen, M. (2020), “Relationships Between Psychological Capital, Turnover Intention and Teambuilding of Enterprise Employees”, Revista Argentina de Clínica Psicológica, 29(2), 150-156.
• Wright, T.A. & D.G. Bonett (2007), “Job Satisfaction and Psychological Well-Being As Nonadditive Predictors of Workplace Turnover”, Journal of Management, 33(2), 141-160.
• Wright, T.A. (2006), “To Be or Not To Be [Happy]: The Role of Employee Wellbeing”, Academy of Management Perspectives, 20(3), 118-120.
• Yenihan, B. et al. (2014), “ İş Stresi ve İşten Ayrılma Niyeti Arasındaki İlişki: Otomotiv İşletmesinde Bir Araştırma”, Çalışma İlişkileri Dergisi, 5(1), 38-49.
• Yim, H.Y. et al. (2017), “Mediating Role of Psychological Capital in The Relationship Between Occupational Stress and Turnover Intention Among Nurses At Veterans Administration Hospitals in Korea”, Asian Nursing Research, 11(1), 6-12.
• Zhao, C. & Z. Gao (2014), “Why Do They Leave? The Mechanism Linking Employees’ Psychological Capital To Their Turnover Intention”, in: Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Management Science and Engineering Management (925-936), Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
• Zheng, X. et al. (2015), “Employee Well-Being in Organizations: Theoretical Model, Scale Development, and Cross-Cultural Validation”, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 36(5), 621-644.