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Examining the Criteria Affecting Corporate Social Responsibility in Businesses from the Consumer Perspective Using the Pythagorean Fuzzy Entropy Technique

Year 2025, Volume: 33 Issue: 64, 183 - 203

Abdulkadir Keskin , Nilüfer Kıraçlı Leblebicioğlu , Abdurrahman Keskin , Burak Leblebicioğlu

https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2025.02.08

Abstract

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) serves as a self-regulation mechanism for businesses and a framework for consumers to evaluate companies. Carroll's (1991) CSR pyramid categorises these responsibilities, which can differ depending on cultural and economic contexts. This study examines Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in the context of Carroll's pyramid from the perspective of Turkish consumers, based on expert interviews analysed using the “Pythagorean Fuzzy Entropy” method. The results reveal that Turkish consumers prioritise businesses' “economic” responsibilities the most, followed by “philanthropic” responsibilities. “Ethical” responsibilities are ranked slightly lower, with “legal” responsibilities considered the least important in this context.

Keywords

Corporate Social Responsibility Carroll’s Pyramid of Corporate Social Responsibility Pythagorean Fuzzy Entropy Consumer

References

  • Aksakal, E. (2021), “Kayak Ekipmanı Seçiminde Dikkate Alınacak Kriterlerin Pisagor Bulanık Entropi Yöntemi ile Değerlendirilmesi”, in: M. Kabak, & B. Erdebili (eds.), Bulanık Çok Kriterli Karar Verme Yöntemleri (188-199), Ankara: Nobel Yayınevi.
  • Aktan, C. & D. Börü (2007), “Kurumsal Sosyal Sorumluluk”, in: C.C. Aktan (eds.), Kurumsal Sosyal Sorumluluk: İşletmeler ve Sorumluluk (11-36), İstanbul: İGİAD Yayınları.
  • Al Mubarak, Z.H. et al. (2019), “Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Bank’s Corporate Image”, Social Responsibility Journal, 15(5), 710-722.
  • Alay, H.K. et al. (2024), “The impact of green business ethics and green financing on sustainable business performance of industries in Türkiye: The mediating role of corporate social responsibility”, Sustainability, 16(17), 7868.
  • Alfakhri, Y. et al. (2020), “Corporate Social Responsibility in Saudi Arabia: Application of Carroll’s Model”, Journal of Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology, 12(6). 1059-1072.
  • Ali, H.Y. et al. (2019), “How Corporate Social Responsibility Boosts Firm Financial Performance: The Mediating Role of Corporate Image and Customer Satisfaction”, Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 27(1), 166-177.
  • Alrubaiee, L.S. et al. (2017), “Relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility and Marketing Performance: The Mediating Effect of Customer Value and Corporate Image”, International Business Research, 10(2), 104-123.
  • Atan, R. & N.A.A. Halim (2012), “The Perception of Muslim Consumers Towards Corporate Social Responsibility”, British Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Sciences, 4(2), 65-80.
  • Atanassov, K.T. (1986), “Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets”, Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 20(1), 87-96.
  • Aysuna-Türkyılmaz, C. & B. Leblebicioğlu (2022), “Z Kuşağına Pazarlama”, in: M. Baş & İ. Erdoğan-Tarakçı (eds.), Pazarlama Teoriden Pratiğe, İstanbul: Efe Akademi Yayınları.
  • Boccia, F. & P. Sarnacchiaro (2018), “The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Consumer Preference: A Structural Equation Analysis”, Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 25(2), 151-163.
  • Branco, M.C. & L.L. Rodrigues (2006), “Corporate Social Responsibility and Resource-Based Perspectives”, Journal of Business Ethics, 69, 111-132.
  • Branco, M.C. & L.L. Rodrigues (2007), “Positioning stakeholder theory within the debate on corporate social responsibility”, Electronic Journal of Business Ethics and Organization Studies, 12(1), 5-15.
  • Bronn, P.S. & A.B. Vrioni (2001), “Corporate Social Responsibility and Cause-Related Marketing: An Overview”, International Journal of Advertising, 20(2), 207-222.
  • Brown, T.J. & P.A. Dacin (1997), “The Company and The Product: Corporate Associations and Consumer Product Responses”, Journal of Marketing, 61(1), 68-84.
  • Carroll, A.B. (1979), “A Three-Dimensional Conceptual Model of Corporate Performance”, Academy of Management Review, 4(4), 497-505.
  • Carroll, A.B. (1991), “The pyramid of corporate social responsibility: Towards the moral management of organizational stakeholders”, Business Horizons, 34(4), 39-48.
  • Carroll, A.B. (1999), “Corporate Social Responsibility: Evolution of a Definitional Construct”, Business Society, 38(3), 268-295.
  • Chen, M. et al. (2015), “The Relationship among Corporate Social Responsibility, Consumer-Company Identification, Brand Prestige, and Purchase Intention”, International Journal of Marketing Studies, 7(5), 33-40.
  • Clarkson, M.B. (1995), “A Stakeholder Framework for Analyzing and Evaluating Corporate Social Performance”, Academy of Management Review, 20(1), 92-117.
  • Commission of The European Communities (2001), Green Paper, Promoting a European framework for Corporate Social Responsibility, <https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/api/files/document/print/en/doc_01_9/DOC_01_9_EN.pdf>, 20.02.2024.
  • Coyne, I.T. (1997), “Sampling in Qualitative Research, Purposeful and Theoretical Sampling; Merging or Clear Boundaries?”, Journal of Advanced Nursing, 26(3), 623-630.
  • Govindan, M.E. et al. (2018), “Supplier selection based on corporate social responsibility practices”, International Journal of Production Economics, 200, 353-379.
  • Guo, W. et al. (2015), “Evaluating The Green Corporate Social Responsibility of Manufacturing Corporations from A Green Industry Law Perspective”, International Journal of Production Research, 53(2), 665-674.
  • Hanaysha, J.R. (2021), “Impact of Price Promotion, Corporate Social Responsibility, and Social Media Marketing on Word of Mouth”, Business Perspectives and Research, 9(3), 446 - 461.
  • Hofstede Insights (2023), Country Comparison Tool, <https://www.hofstede-insights.com/country-comparison/turkey/>, 10.02.2024.
  • Islam, T. et al. (2021). “The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Customer Loyalty: The Mediating Role of Corporate Reputation, Customer Satisfaction, and Trust”, Sustainable Production and Consumption, 25, 123-135.
  • İlbahar, E. et al. (2018), “A Novel Approach to Risk Assessment for Occupational Health and Safety Using Pythagorean Fuzzy AHP & Fuzzy Inference System”, Safety Science, 103, 124-136.
  • Jacobs, M. (1997), “The Environment as Stakeholder”, Business Strategy Review, 6(2), 25-28.
  • Karaman, A.S. & E. Akman (2017), “Taking-off Corporate Social Responsibility Programs: An AHP Application in Airline Industry”, Journal of Air Transport Management, 68, 187-197.
  • Katz, J.P. et al. (2001), “Culture Based Expectations of Corporate Citizenship: A Propositional Framework and Comparison of Four Cultures”, The International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 9(2), 149-171.
  • Kuzucu-Yapar, B. & A. Keskin, (2023), “Determining the Criteria Affecting Tax Ethics in Türkiye Using the Fuzzy DEMATEL Method”, İstanbul İktisat Dergisi, 73(2), 745-780.
  • Lattemann, C. et al. (2009), “CSR communication intensity in Chinese and Indian multinational companies”, Corporate Governance: An International Review, 17(4), 426-442.
  • Lee, E.M. et al. (2012), “Does Perceived Consumer Fit Matter in Corporate Social Responsibility Issues”, Journal of Business Research, 65(11), 1558-1564.
  • Loureiro, S.M. et al. (2012), “The Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility on Consumer Satisfaction and Perceived Value: The Case of The Automobile Industry Sector in Portugal”, Journal of Cleaner Production, 37, 172-178.
  • Maignan, I. (2001), “Consumers’ Perception of Corporate Social Responsibility: A Cross Cultural Perception”, Journal of Business Ethics, 30(1), 57-72.
  • Manasakis, C. (2018), “Business Ethics And Corporate Social Responsibility”, Managerial and Decision Economics, 39(4), 486-497.
  • Mandhachitara, R. & Y. Poolthong (2011), “A Model of Customer Loyalty and Corporate Social Responsibility”, Journal of Services Marketing, 25(2), 122-133.
  • Marin, L. & S. Ruiz (2007), “‘I Need You Too’ Corporate Identity Attractiveness for Consumers and the Role of Social Responsibility”, Journal of Business Ethics, 71, 245-260.
  • Mohammed, A.A. & B. Rashid (2018), “A Conceptual Model of Corporate Social Responsibility Dimensions, Brand Image, and Customer Satisfaction in Malaysian Hotel Industry”, The Kasetsart Journal Social Sciences, 39(2), 358-364.
  • Mohd, W.R.W. & L. Abdullah (2017), “Pythagorean Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process to Multi-Criteria Decision Making”, AIP Conference Proceedings, 040020.
  • Mohr, L.A. & D.J. Webb (2005), “The Effects of Corporate Social Responsibility and Price on Consumer Responses”, The Journal of Consumer Affairs, 39(1), 121-147.
  • Nurunnabi, M. et al. (2019), “CSR in Saudi Arabia and Carroll’s Pyramid: what is ‘known’ and ‘unknown’?”, Journal of Marketing Communications, 26(8), 874-895.
  • Peng, X. & Y. Yang (2015), “Some Results for Pythagorean Fuzzy Sets”, International Journal of Intelligent Systems, 30(11), 1133-1160.
  • Pomering, A. & L.W. Johnson (2009), “Advertising Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives to Communicate Corporate Image: Inhibiting Scepticism to Enhance Persuasion”, Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 14(4), 420-439.
  • Poolthong, Y. & R. Mandhachitara (2009), “Customer Expectations of CSR, Perceived Service Quality and Brand Effect in Thai Retail Banking”, International Journal of Bank Marketing, 27(6), 408-427.
  • Rahim, R.A. et al. (2011), “The Importance of Corporate Social Responsibility on Consumer Behaviour in Malaysia”, Asian Academy of Management Journal, 16(1), 119-139.
  • Ramasamy, B. & M. Yeung (2009), “Chinese Consumers’ Perception of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)”, Journal of Business Ethics, 88, 119-132.
  • Sahin, B. & T.L. Yip (2017), “Shipping Technology Selection for Dynamic Capability Based on Improved Gaussian Fuzzy AHP Model”, Ocean Engineering, 136, 233-242.
  • Sen, S. & C.B. Bhattacharya (2001), “Does Doing Good Always Lead to Doing Better? Consumer Reactions to Corporate Social Responsibility”, Journal of Marketing Research, 38(2), 235-243.
  • Servaes, H. & A. Tamayo (2013), “The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Firm Value: The Role of Customer Awareness”, Management Science, 59(5), 1045-1061.
  • Servera-Francés, D. & L. Piqueras-Tomás (2019), “The Effects of Corporate Social Responsibility on Consumer Loyalty Through Consumer Perceived Value”, Economic Research - Ekonomska Istraživanja, 32(1), 66-84.
  • Sharma, R. & P. Aggarwal (2021), “Impact of Mandatory Corporate Social Responsibility on Corporate Financial Performance: The Indian Experience”, Social Responsibility Journal, 18(4), 704-722.
  • Stanaland, A.J. et al. (2011), “Consumer Perceptions of the Antecedents and Consequences of Corporate Social Responsibility”, Journal of Business Ethics, 102, 47-55.
  • Swaen, V. & R. Chumpitaz (2008), “Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Consumer Trust”, Recherche et Applications en Marketing, 23(4), 7-34.
  • Tian, Z. et al. (2011), “Consumer Responses to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in China”, Journal of Business Ethics, 101, 197-212.
  • Wartick, S.L. & P.L. Cochran (1985), “The Evolution of the Corporate Social Performance Model”, Academy of Management Review, 10(4), 758-769.
  • Xu, T.T. et al. (2020), “Pythagorean Fuzzy Entropy and its Application in Multiple-Criteria Decision-Making”, International Journal of Fuzzy Systems, 22(5), 1552-1564.
  • Yager, R.R. (2013), “Pythagorean Membership Grades in Multicriteria Decision Making”, IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, 22(4), 958-965.
  • Zeleny, M. (1982), Multiple Criteria Decision Making, New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Zeng, S. et al. (2016), “A Hybrid Method for Pythagorean Fuzzy Multiple-Criteria Decision Making”, International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making, 15(2), 403-422.
  • Zhang, X. & Z. Xu (2014), “Extension of TOPSIS to Multiple Criteria Decision Making With Pythagorean Fuzzy Sets”, International Journal of İntelligent Systems, 29(12), 1061-1078.

İşletmelerde Kurumsal Sosyal Sorumluluğu Etkileyen Kriterlerin Pisagor Bulanık Entropi Tekniğiyle Tüketici Perspektifinden İncelenmesi

Year 2025, Volume: 33 Issue: 64, 183 - 203

Abdulkadir Keskin , Nilüfer Kıraçlı Leblebicioğlu , Abdurrahman Keskin , Burak Leblebicioğlu

https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2025.02.08

Abstract

Kurumsal sosyal sorumluluk (KSS), işletmeler için bir özdenetim mekanizması ve tüketiciler için şirketleri değerlendirme çerçevesi işlevi görmektedir. Carroll’un (1991) KSS piramidi, bu sorumlulukları kategorize eder ve bunlar, kültürel ve ekonomik bağlamlara bağlı olarak farklılık gösterebilir. Bu çalışma, Carroll’un piramidi bağlamında Türk tüketicilerinin perspektifinden KSS’yi incelemektedir ve bu amaçla uzman görüşmeleri “Pisagor Bulanık Entropi” yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, Türk tüketicilerin işletmelerin “ekonomik” sorumluluklarını en fazla önceliklendirdiğini, bunu “hayırseverlik” sorumluluklarının izlediğini ortaya koymaktadır. “Etik” sorumluluklar biraz daha düşük bir sırada yer alırken, “yasal” sorumluluklar bu bağlamda en az önemli olarak değerlendirilmiştir.

Keywords

Kurumsal Sosyal Sorumluluk Carroll’un Kurumsal Sosyal Sorumluluk Piramidi Pisagor Bulanık Entropi Tüketici

References

  • Aksakal, E. (2021), “Kayak Ekipmanı Seçiminde Dikkate Alınacak Kriterlerin Pisagor Bulanık Entropi Yöntemi ile Değerlendirilmesi”, in: M. Kabak, & B. Erdebili (eds.), Bulanık Çok Kriterli Karar Verme Yöntemleri (188-199), Ankara: Nobel Yayınevi.
  • Aktan, C. & D. Börü (2007), “Kurumsal Sosyal Sorumluluk”, in: C.C. Aktan (eds.), Kurumsal Sosyal Sorumluluk: İşletmeler ve Sorumluluk (11-36), İstanbul: İGİAD Yayınları.
  • Al Mubarak, Z.H. et al. (2019), “Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Bank’s Corporate Image”, Social Responsibility Journal, 15(5), 710-722.
  • Alay, H.K. et al. (2024), “The impact of green business ethics and green financing on sustainable business performance of industries in Türkiye: The mediating role of corporate social responsibility”, Sustainability, 16(17), 7868.
  • Alfakhri, Y. et al. (2020), “Corporate Social Responsibility in Saudi Arabia: Application of Carroll’s Model”, Journal of Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology, 12(6). 1059-1072.
  • Ali, H.Y. et al. (2019), “How Corporate Social Responsibility Boosts Firm Financial Performance: The Mediating Role of Corporate Image and Customer Satisfaction”, Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 27(1), 166-177.
  • Alrubaiee, L.S. et al. (2017), “Relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility and Marketing Performance: The Mediating Effect of Customer Value and Corporate Image”, International Business Research, 10(2), 104-123.
  • Atan, R. & N.A.A. Halim (2012), “The Perception of Muslim Consumers Towards Corporate Social Responsibility”, British Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Sciences, 4(2), 65-80.
  • Atanassov, K.T. (1986), “Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets”, Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 20(1), 87-96.
  • Aysuna-Türkyılmaz, C. & B. Leblebicioğlu (2022), “Z Kuşağına Pazarlama”, in: M. Baş & İ. Erdoğan-Tarakçı (eds.), Pazarlama Teoriden Pratiğe, İstanbul: Efe Akademi Yayınları.
  • Boccia, F. & P. Sarnacchiaro (2018), “The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Consumer Preference: A Structural Equation Analysis”, Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 25(2), 151-163.
  • Branco, M.C. & L.L. Rodrigues (2006), “Corporate Social Responsibility and Resource-Based Perspectives”, Journal of Business Ethics, 69, 111-132.
  • Branco, M.C. & L.L. Rodrigues (2007), “Positioning stakeholder theory within the debate on corporate social responsibility”, Electronic Journal of Business Ethics and Organization Studies, 12(1), 5-15.
  • Bronn, P.S. & A.B. Vrioni (2001), “Corporate Social Responsibility and Cause-Related Marketing: An Overview”, International Journal of Advertising, 20(2), 207-222.
  • Brown, T.J. & P.A. Dacin (1997), “The Company and The Product: Corporate Associations and Consumer Product Responses”, Journal of Marketing, 61(1), 68-84.
  • Carroll, A.B. (1979), “A Three-Dimensional Conceptual Model of Corporate Performance”, Academy of Management Review, 4(4), 497-505.
  • Carroll, A.B. (1991), “The pyramid of corporate social responsibility: Towards the moral management of organizational stakeholders”, Business Horizons, 34(4), 39-48.
  • Carroll, A.B. (1999), “Corporate Social Responsibility: Evolution of a Definitional Construct”, Business Society, 38(3), 268-295.
  • Chen, M. et al. (2015), “The Relationship among Corporate Social Responsibility, Consumer-Company Identification, Brand Prestige, and Purchase Intention”, International Journal of Marketing Studies, 7(5), 33-40.
  • Clarkson, M.B. (1995), “A Stakeholder Framework for Analyzing and Evaluating Corporate Social Performance”, Academy of Management Review, 20(1), 92-117.
  • Commission of The European Communities (2001), Green Paper, Promoting a European framework for Corporate Social Responsibility, <https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/api/files/document/print/en/doc_01_9/DOC_01_9_EN.pdf>, 20.02.2024.
  • Coyne, I.T. (1997), “Sampling in Qualitative Research, Purposeful and Theoretical Sampling; Merging or Clear Boundaries?”, Journal of Advanced Nursing, 26(3), 623-630.
  • Govindan, M.E. et al. (2018), “Supplier selection based on corporate social responsibility practices”, International Journal of Production Economics, 200, 353-379.
  • Guo, W. et al. (2015), “Evaluating The Green Corporate Social Responsibility of Manufacturing Corporations from A Green Industry Law Perspective”, International Journal of Production Research, 53(2), 665-674.
  • Hanaysha, J.R. (2021), “Impact of Price Promotion, Corporate Social Responsibility, and Social Media Marketing on Word of Mouth”, Business Perspectives and Research, 9(3), 446 - 461.
  • Hofstede Insights (2023), Country Comparison Tool, <https://www.hofstede-insights.com/country-comparison/turkey/>, 10.02.2024.
  • Islam, T. et al. (2021). “The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Customer Loyalty: The Mediating Role of Corporate Reputation, Customer Satisfaction, and Trust”, Sustainable Production and Consumption, 25, 123-135.
  • İlbahar, E. et al. (2018), “A Novel Approach to Risk Assessment for Occupational Health and Safety Using Pythagorean Fuzzy AHP & Fuzzy Inference System”, Safety Science, 103, 124-136.
  • Jacobs, M. (1997), “The Environment as Stakeholder”, Business Strategy Review, 6(2), 25-28.
  • Karaman, A.S. & E. Akman (2017), “Taking-off Corporate Social Responsibility Programs: An AHP Application in Airline Industry”, Journal of Air Transport Management, 68, 187-197.
  • Katz, J.P. et al. (2001), “Culture Based Expectations of Corporate Citizenship: A Propositional Framework and Comparison of Four Cultures”, The International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 9(2), 149-171.
  • Kuzucu-Yapar, B. & A. Keskin, (2023), “Determining the Criteria Affecting Tax Ethics in Türkiye Using the Fuzzy DEMATEL Method”, İstanbul İktisat Dergisi, 73(2), 745-780.
  • Lattemann, C. et al. (2009), “CSR communication intensity in Chinese and Indian multinational companies”, Corporate Governance: An International Review, 17(4), 426-442.
  • Lee, E.M. et al. (2012), “Does Perceived Consumer Fit Matter in Corporate Social Responsibility Issues”, Journal of Business Research, 65(11), 1558-1564.
  • Loureiro, S.M. et al. (2012), “The Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility on Consumer Satisfaction and Perceived Value: The Case of The Automobile Industry Sector in Portugal”, Journal of Cleaner Production, 37, 172-178.
  • Maignan, I. (2001), “Consumers’ Perception of Corporate Social Responsibility: A Cross Cultural Perception”, Journal of Business Ethics, 30(1), 57-72.
  • Manasakis, C. (2018), “Business Ethics And Corporate Social Responsibility”, Managerial and Decision Economics, 39(4), 486-497.
  • Mandhachitara, R. & Y. Poolthong (2011), “A Model of Customer Loyalty and Corporate Social Responsibility”, Journal of Services Marketing, 25(2), 122-133.
  • Marin, L. & S. Ruiz (2007), “‘I Need You Too’ Corporate Identity Attractiveness for Consumers and the Role of Social Responsibility”, Journal of Business Ethics, 71, 245-260.
  • Mohammed, A.A. & B. Rashid (2018), “A Conceptual Model of Corporate Social Responsibility Dimensions, Brand Image, and Customer Satisfaction in Malaysian Hotel Industry”, The Kasetsart Journal Social Sciences, 39(2), 358-364.
  • Mohd, W.R.W. & L. Abdullah (2017), “Pythagorean Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process to Multi-Criteria Decision Making”, AIP Conference Proceedings, 040020.
  • Mohr, L.A. & D.J. Webb (2005), “The Effects of Corporate Social Responsibility and Price on Consumer Responses”, The Journal of Consumer Affairs, 39(1), 121-147.
  • Nurunnabi, M. et al. (2019), “CSR in Saudi Arabia and Carroll’s Pyramid: what is ‘known’ and ‘unknown’?”, Journal of Marketing Communications, 26(8), 874-895.
  • Peng, X. & Y. Yang (2015), “Some Results for Pythagorean Fuzzy Sets”, International Journal of Intelligent Systems, 30(11), 1133-1160.
  • Pomering, A. & L.W. Johnson (2009), “Advertising Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives to Communicate Corporate Image: Inhibiting Scepticism to Enhance Persuasion”, Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 14(4), 420-439.
  • Poolthong, Y. & R. Mandhachitara (2009), “Customer Expectations of CSR, Perceived Service Quality and Brand Effect in Thai Retail Banking”, International Journal of Bank Marketing, 27(6), 408-427.
  • Rahim, R.A. et al. (2011), “The Importance of Corporate Social Responsibility on Consumer Behaviour in Malaysia”, Asian Academy of Management Journal, 16(1), 119-139.
  • Ramasamy, B. & M. Yeung (2009), “Chinese Consumers’ Perception of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)”, Journal of Business Ethics, 88, 119-132.
  • Sahin, B. & T.L. Yip (2017), “Shipping Technology Selection for Dynamic Capability Based on Improved Gaussian Fuzzy AHP Model”, Ocean Engineering, 136, 233-242.
  • Sen, S. & C.B. Bhattacharya (2001), “Does Doing Good Always Lead to Doing Better? Consumer Reactions to Corporate Social Responsibility”, Journal of Marketing Research, 38(2), 235-243.
  • Servaes, H. & A. Tamayo (2013), “The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Firm Value: The Role of Customer Awareness”, Management Science, 59(5), 1045-1061.
  • Servera-Francés, D. & L. Piqueras-Tomás (2019), “The Effects of Corporate Social Responsibility on Consumer Loyalty Through Consumer Perceived Value”, Economic Research - Ekonomska Istraživanja, 32(1), 66-84.
  • Sharma, R. & P. Aggarwal (2021), “Impact of Mandatory Corporate Social Responsibility on Corporate Financial Performance: The Indian Experience”, Social Responsibility Journal, 18(4), 704-722.
  • Stanaland, A.J. et al. (2011), “Consumer Perceptions of the Antecedents and Consequences of Corporate Social Responsibility”, Journal of Business Ethics, 102, 47-55.
  • Swaen, V. & R. Chumpitaz (2008), “Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Consumer Trust”, Recherche et Applications en Marketing, 23(4), 7-34.
  • Tian, Z. et al. (2011), “Consumer Responses to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in China”, Journal of Business Ethics, 101, 197-212.
  • Wartick, S.L. & P.L. Cochran (1985), “The Evolution of the Corporate Social Performance Model”, Academy of Management Review, 10(4), 758-769.
  • Xu, T.T. et al. (2020), “Pythagorean Fuzzy Entropy and its Application in Multiple-Criteria Decision-Making”, International Journal of Fuzzy Systems, 22(5), 1552-1564.
  • Yager, R.R. (2013), “Pythagorean Membership Grades in Multicriteria Decision Making”, IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, 22(4), 958-965.
  • Zeleny, M. (1982), Multiple Criteria Decision Making, New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Zeng, S. et al. (2016), “A Hybrid Method for Pythagorean Fuzzy Multiple-Criteria Decision Making”, International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making, 15(2), 403-422.
  • Zhang, X. & Z. Xu (2014), “Extension of TOPSIS to Multiple Criteria Decision Making With Pythagorean Fuzzy Sets”, International Journal of İntelligent Systems, 29(12), 1061-1078.
There are 62 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Welfare Economics
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Abdulkadir Keskin 0000-0002-4795-1028

Nilüfer Kıraçlı Leblebicioğlu 0009-0000-0577-5372

Abdurrahman Keskin 0000-0003-1547-0358

Burak Leblebicioğlu 0000-0001-5370-9265

Early Pub Date April 14, 2025
Publication Date
Submission Date March 22, 2024
Acceptance Date March 8, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 33 Issue: 64

Cite

APA Keskin, A., Kıraçlı Leblebicioğlu, N., Keskin, A., Leblebicioğlu, B. (2025). Examining the Criteria Affecting Corporate Social Responsibility in Businesses from the Consumer Perspective Using the Pythagorean Fuzzy Entropy Technique. Sosyoekonomi, 33(64), 183-203. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2025.02.08
AMA Keskin A, Kıraçlı Leblebicioğlu N, Keskin A, Leblebicioğlu B. Examining the Criteria Affecting Corporate Social Responsibility in Businesses from the Consumer Perspective Using the Pythagorean Fuzzy Entropy Technique. Sosyoekonomi. April 2025;33(64):183-203. doi:10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2025.02.08
Chicago Keskin, Abdulkadir, Nilüfer Kıraçlı Leblebicioğlu, Abdurrahman Keskin, and Burak Leblebicioğlu. “Examining the Criteria Affecting Corporate Social Responsibility in Businesses from the Consumer Perspective Using the Pythagorean Fuzzy Entropy Technique”. Sosyoekonomi 33, no. 64 (April 2025): 183-203. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2025.02.08.
EndNote Keskin A, Kıraçlı Leblebicioğlu N, Keskin A, Leblebicioğlu B (April 1, 2025) Examining the Criteria Affecting Corporate Social Responsibility in Businesses from the Consumer Perspective Using the Pythagorean Fuzzy Entropy Technique. Sosyoekonomi 33 64 183–203.
IEEE A. Keskin, N. Kıraçlı Leblebicioğlu, A. Keskin, and B. Leblebicioğlu, “Examining the Criteria Affecting Corporate Social Responsibility in Businesses from the Consumer Perspective Using the Pythagorean Fuzzy Entropy Technique”, Sosyoekonomi, vol. 33, no. 64, pp. 183–203, 2025, doi: 10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2025.02.08.
ISNAD Keskin, Abdulkadir et al. “Examining the Criteria Affecting Corporate Social Responsibility in Businesses from the Consumer Perspective Using the Pythagorean Fuzzy Entropy Technique”. Sosyoekonomi 33/64 (April 2025), 183-203. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2025.02.08.
JAMA Keskin A, Kıraçlı Leblebicioğlu N, Keskin A, Leblebicioğlu B. Examining the Criteria Affecting Corporate Social Responsibility in Businesses from the Consumer Perspective Using the Pythagorean Fuzzy Entropy Technique. Sosyoekonomi. 2025;33:183–203.
MLA Keskin, Abdulkadir et al. “Examining the Criteria Affecting Corporate Social Responsibility in Businesses from the Consumer Perspective Using the Pythagorean Fuzzy Entropy Technique”. Sosyoekonomi, vol. 33, no. 64, 2025, pp. 183-0, doi:10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2025.02.08.
Vancouver Keskin A, Kıraçlı Leblebicioğlu N, Keskin A, Leblebicioğlu B. Examining the Criteria Affecting Corporate Social Responsibility in Businesses from the Consumer Perspective Using the Pythagorean Fuzzy Entropy Technique. Sosyoekonomi. 2025;33(64):183-20.