Araştırma Makalesi
Yıl 2020,
Cilt: 20 Sayı: 49, 837 - 860, 24.12.2020
Öz
In this study, the perception of shame and stigma from the psycho-social effects of
poverty is being investigated. Shame is a concept that removes individuals from the society
and increases the phenomenon of social exclusion because of they cannot fulfill the living
standards of the society they belong to. Stigmatization can be defined as a situation in which
people discredit their reputation in society because of a attribute, and place them in a low
position and. It strengthens the phenomenon of social exclusion as in the sense of shame and
based on institutional, social and individual factors. Within the scope of the research, face-toface
interviews were conducted with the poor who received help from Social Assistance and
Solidarity Foundation and Süleymanpaşa Municipality Dosteli Aşevi. The research was carried
out with the phenomenology pattern of qualitative research methods. The data collected were
coded and descriptive analysis was made. The findings suggest that feeling of shame is more
felt among the poor family children. This is a factor that affects children’s academic success
and their peer engagement. On the other hand, poor individuals are marginalized by the rest
of the society, they are not invited to social events and invitations, and they have difficulty in
communicating with friends and relatives.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Barreiros, M. (2017). Shame on you the Stigma of Social Welfare Benefits. Lisbon: NOVA.Baumberg, B. (2016). The Stigma of Claiming Benefits: A Quantitative Study. Journal of Social Policy Volume 45, Issue 2, s. 181-199.Baumberg, B., Bell, K., Gaffney, D. (2012). Benefits stigma in Britain. London: Turn2Us.Branscome, N. R., Schmitt, M. T., Harvey, R. D. (1999). Perceiving Pervasive Discrimination Among African Americans: Implications for Group Identification and Well-Being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77(1), s. 135-149.Chase, E., Walker, R. (2012). The Co-construction of Shame in the Context of Poverty: Beyond a Threat to the Social Bond. Sociology 47(4), s. 739–754.Fernando, D., Losada, H. (2002). The Selective Approach to Social Policy in Colombia During the 1990’s . BIEN 9.International Congress. Geneva.Frost, D. M. (2011). Social Stigma and its Consequences for the Socially Stigmatized. Social and Personality Psychology Compass 5 (11).Gugushvili, D., Hirsch , D. (2014). Means-Tested and Universal Approaches to Poverty: International Evidence and how the UK Compares. CRSP Working paper 640.Gugushvili, D., Hirsch, D. (2014a). Means-Testing or Universalism: What Strategies Best Address Poverty? Leicestershire: Loughborough University.Günaydın, D. (2018). Çocuk Yoksulluğu ile Mücadelede Ücretsiz Okul Yemeği: Tekirdağ İlkokullarında Bir Araştırma. Hak-İş Uluslararası Emek ve Toplum Dergisi Cilt 7 Sayı 18, s. 360-395.Gürses, İ. (2008). Yükleme Teorisi ve Din İlişkisi Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme. Uludağ Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Cilt: 17, sayı: 2, s. 359-377.Hernanz, V., Malherbet, F., Pellizzari, M. (2004). Take-Up of Welfare Benefits in OECD Countries: A Review of the Evidence. OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers No. 17 .Hill, K., Kellard, K., Middleton, S., Cox, L., Pound, E. (2007). Understanding Resources in Later Life Views and Experiences of Older People. Joseph Rowntree Foundation.Jo, Y. N. (2015). Psycho-Social Dimensions of Poverty: When Poverty Becomes Shameful. Critical Social Policy 33(3).Kayaoğlu, A. G. (2003). Sefaletin Psikolojisi: Yoksulluk Üzerine Kuramsal İlknotlar. Kurgu Dergisi Sayı:20, s. 219-230.Kent, G. (2016). Shattering the Silence: The power of Purposeful Storytelling in Challenging Social Security Policy Discourses of ‘Blame and Shame’ in Northern Ireland. Critical Social Policy, 36(1) .Li, M., Walker, R. (2018). On the Origins of Welfare Stigma: Comparing Two Social Assistance Schemes in Rural China. Critical Social Policy 2018, Vol. 38(4), s. 667–687 .Lister, R. (2004). Poverty and Social Justice: Recognition and Respect. Bevan Foundation.Macit, M. (2014). Yoksulluk, İnsan Onuru ve Din. Atatürk Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, Sayı 41, s. 101-116.Major, B., O’Brien, L. T. (2005). The Social Psychology of Stigma. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 2005. 56, s. 393–421.Kozak, M. (2017). Bilimsel Araştırma: Tasarım, Yazım ve Yayım Teknikleri (3. Basım). Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.Narayan, D., Chambers, R., Shah, M. K., Petesch, P. (2000). Voices of the Poor Crying Out for Change. New York: Oxford University Press.Oravecz, R., Hárdi, L., Lajtai, L. (2004). Social Transition, Exclusion, Shame and Humiliation. TORTURE Volume 14, Number 1.Pattison, S. (2000). Shame : Theory, Therapy, Theology. Cambridge University Press.Reeder, G. D., Pryor, J. B. (2007). Dual Psychological Processes Underlying Public Stigma and the Implications for Reducing Stigma. Mens Sana Monographs, Vol. 6(1).Reutter, L. I., Stewart, M. J., Veenstra, G., Love, R., Raphael, D., Makwarimba, E. (2009). “Who Do They Think We Are, Anyway?”: Perceptions of and Responses to Poverty Stigma. Qualitative Health Research Volume 19 Number 3 .Reyles, D. Z. (2007). The Ability to go About Without Shame: A Proposal for Internationally Comparable Indicators of Shame. OPHI Working Paper NO. 03.Schrag, C, O. (2006). Heidegger Felsefesinde Fenomenoloji, Varlıkbilim ve Tarih. (Serdar Şen, Çev). ÇTTAD,V/13, 205-215.Sen, A. (1983). Poor, Relatively Speaking. Oxford Economic Papers, New Series, Vol. 35, No. 2. 153-169.Sen, A. (1995). The Political Economy of Targeting. Public Spending and the Poor: Theory and Evidence. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.Sen, A. (2000). Social Exculusion: Concept, Application and Scrutiny. Manila: Asian Development Bank, Social Development Papers No. 1.Simmons, L. A., Yang, N. Y., Wu, Q., Bush, H. M., Crofford, L. J. (2015). Public and Personal Depression Stigma in a Rural American Female Sample. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing 29 , s. 407–412.Slater, R., Farrington, J. (2009). Targeting of Social Transfers: A Review for DFID. Overseas Development Institute.Stets, J. E., & Turner, J. H. (tarih yok). Duygular Sosyolojİsİ El Kİtabi: 2. Cİlt. Kitap İncelemesi: Ayşenur Merve Şafak Uzun.Stubera, J., Schlesinger, M. (2006). Sources of Stigma for Means-Tested Government Programs. Social Science & Medicine 63 , s. 933–945.Sutton, E., Pemberton, S., Fahmy, E., Tamiya, Y. (2014). Stigma, Shame and the Experience of Poverty in Japan and the United Kingdom . Social Policy and Society, vol. 13, no. 01, s. 143-154.Walker, R. (2014). The Shame of Poverty. University Of Oxford Annual Review 2013/14.Walker, R. (2014a). The Shame of Poverty. Oxford Scholarship Online.Walker, R., & Chase, E. (2015). Shame, Stigma and Policy Effectiveness. 4th Conference of the Regulating for Decent Work Network. Geneva.Walker, R., Kyomuhendo, G., Chase, E., Choudhry, S., Gubrium, E. K., JO, Y. N., vd. (2013). Poverty in Global Perspective: Is Shame a Common Denominator? Journal of Social Policy 42(02).Walton, O. (2011). Helpdesk Research Report: Self-esteem, Shame and Poverty. Governance and Social Development Resource Center.World Bank Group. (2001). What the Poor Say . Worl Bank.
Yıl 2020,
Cilt: 20 Sayı: 49, 837 - 860, 24.12.2020
Öz
Bu çalışmada yoksulluğun psiko-sosyal etkilerinden utanma ve damgalanma olgusu
araştırılmaktadır. Utanma, mensubu oldukları toplumun yaşam standartlarını yerine
getirememeleri nedeniyle bireyleri toplumdan uzaklaştıran ve sosyal dışlanma olgusunu
arttıran bir kavramdır. Damgalama ise bireylerin kendilerini farklı kılan ve başkalarının
gözünde değersizleştiren, onları düşük bir konuma yerleştiren bir özelliğe sahip olma olarak
tanımlanabilir. Utanma duygusunda olduğu gibi sosyal dışlanma olgusunu güçlendirir ve
kurumsal, sosyal ve bireysel faktörlere dayanır. Araştırma kapsamında Tekirdağ/ Süleymanpaşa
İlçesinde Sosyal Yardımlaşma ve Dayanışma Vakfı’ndan ve Süleymanpaşa Belediyesi Dosteli
Aşevi’nden yardım alan yoksullarla yüz yüze görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Araştırma nitel araştırma
yöntemlerinden fenomenoloji deseniyle yürütülmüştür. Toplanan veriler kodlanarak
kategoriler oluşturulmuş ve betimsel analize tabi tutulmuştur. Bulgular, utanma duygusunun
özellikle yoksul aile çocukları arasında daha fazla hissedildiği yönündedir. Bu durum
çocukların akademik başarılarını ve akranları ile kaynaşmalarını etkileyen bir faktördür. Diğer
yandan yoksul bireyler toplumun geri kalanı tarafından ötekileştirilmekte, sosyal etkinliklere
ve davetlere çağrılmamakta, arkadaşları ve akrabaları ile iletişim kurmakta zorlanmaktadırlar.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Barreiros, M. (2017). Shame on you the Stigma of Social Welfare Benefits. Lisbon: NOVA.Baumberg, B. (2016). The Stigma of Claiming Benefits: A Quantitative Study. Journal of Social Policy Volume 45, Issue 2, s. 181-199.Baumberg, B., Bell, K., Gaffney, D. (2012). Benefits stigma in Britain. London: Turn2Us.Branscome, N. R., Schmitt, M. T., Harvey, R. D. (1999). Perceiving Pervasive Discrimination Among African Americans: Implications for Group Identification and Well-Being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77(1), s. 135-149.Chase, E., Walker, R. (2012). The Co-construction of Shame in the Context of Poverty: Beyond a Threat to the Social Bond. Sociology 47(4), s. 739–754.Fernando, D., Losada, H. (2002). The Selective Approach to Social Policy in Colombia During the 1990’s . BIEN 9.International Congress. Geneva.Frost, D. M. (2011). Social Stigma and its Consequences for the Socially Stigmatized. Social and Personality Psychology Compass 5 (11).Gugushvili, D., Hirsch , D. (2014). Means-Tested and Universal Approaches to Poverty: International Evidence and how the UK Compares. CRSP Working paper 640.Gugushvili, D., Hirsch, D. (2014a). Means-Testing or Universalism: What Strategies Best Address Poverty? Leicestershire: Loughborough University.Günaydın, D. (2018). Çocuk Yoksulluğu ile Mücadelede Ücretsiz Okul Yemeği: Tekirdağ İlkokullarında Bir Araştırma. Hak-İş Uluslararası Emek ve Toplum Dergisi Cilt 7 Sayı 18, s. 360-395.Gürses, İ. (2008). Yükleme Teorisi ve Din İlişkisi Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme. Uludağ Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Cilt: 17, sayı: 2, s. 359-377.Hernanz, V., Malherbet, F., Pellizzari, M. (2004). Take-Up of Welfare Benefits in OECD Countries: A Review of the Evidence. OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers No. 17 .Hill, K., Kellard, K., Middleton, S., Cox, L., Pound, E. (2007). Understanding Resources in Later Life Views and Experiences of Older People. Joseph Rowntree Foundation.Jo, Y. N. (2015). Psycho-Social Dimensions of Poverty: When Poverty Becomes Shameful. Critical Social Policy 33(3).Kayaoğlu, A. G. (2003). Sefaletin Psikolojisi: Yoksulluk Üzerine Kuramsal İlknotlar. Kurgu Dergisi Sayı:20, s. 219-230.Kent, G. (2016). Shattering the Silence: The power of Purposeful Storytelling in Challenging Social Security Policy Discourses of ‘Blame and Shame’ in Northern Ireland. Critical Social Policy, 36(1) .Li, M., Walker, R. (2018). On the Origins of Welfare Stigma: Comparing Two Social Assistance Schemes in Rural China. Critical Social Policy 2018, Vol. 38(4), s. 667–687 .Lister, R. (2004). Poverty and Social Justice: Recognition and Respect. Bevan Foundation.Macit, M. (2014). Yoksulluk, İnsan Onuru ve Din. Atatürk Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, Sayı 41, s. 101-116.Major, B., O’Brien, L. T. (2005). The Social Psychology of Stigma. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 2005. 56, s. 393–421.Kozak, M. (2017). Bilimsel Araştırma: Tasarım, Yazım ve Yayım Teknikleri (3. Basım). Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.Narayan, D., Chambers, R., Shah, M. K., Petesch, P. (2000). Voices of the Poor Crying Out for Change. New York: Oxford University Press.Oravecz, R., Hárdi, L., Lajtai, L. (2004). Social Transition, Exclusion, Shame and Humiliation. TORTURE Volume 14, Number 1.Pattison, S. (2000). Shame : Theory, Therapy, Theology. Cambridge University Press.Reeder, G. D., Pryor, J. B. (2007). Dual Psychological Processes Underlying Public Stigma and the Implications for Reducing Stigma. Mens Sana Monographs, Vol. 6(1).Reutter, L. I., Stewart, M. J., Veenstra, G., Love, R., Raphael, D., Makwarimba, E. (2009). “Who Do They Think We Are, Anyway?”: Perceptions of and Responses to Poverty Stigma. Qualitative Health Research Volume 19 Number 3 .Reyles, D. Z. (2007). The Ability to go About Without Shame: A Proposal for Internationally Comparable Indicators of Shame. OPHI Working Paper NO. 03.Schrag, C, O. (2006). Heidegger Felsefesinde Fenomenoloji, Varlıkbilim ve Tarih. (Serdar Şen, Çev). ÇTTAD,V/13, 205-215.Sen, A. (1983). Poor, Relatively Speaking. Oxford Economic Papers, New Series, Vol. 35, No. 2. 153-169.Sen, A. (1995). The Political Economy of Targeting. Public Spending and the Poor: Theory and Evidence. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.Sen, A. (2000). Social Exculusion: Concept, Application and Scrutiny. Manila: Asian Development Bank, Social Development Papers No. 1.Simmons, L. A., Yang, N. Y., Wu, Q., Bush, H. M., Crofford, L. J. (2015). Public and Personal Depression Stigma in a Rural American Female Sample. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing 29 , s. 407–412.Slater, R., Farrington, J. (2009). Targeting of Social Transfers: A Review for DFID. Overseas Development Institute.Stets, J. E., & Turner, J. H. (tarih yok). Duygular Sosyolojİsİ El Kİtabi: 2. Cİlt. Kitap İncelemesi: Ayşenur Merve Şafak Uzun.Stubera, J., Schlesinger, M. (2006). Sources of Stigma for Means-Tested Government Programs. Social Science & Medicine 63 , s. 933–945.Sutton, E., Pemberton, S., Fahmy, E., Tamiya, Y. (2014). Stigma, Shame and the Experience of Poverty in Japan and the United Kingdom . Social Policy and Society, vol. 13, no. 01, s. 143-154.Walker, R. (2014). The Shame of Poverty. University Of Oxford Annual Review 2013/14.Walker, R. (2014a). The Shame of Poverty. Oxford Scholarship Online.Walker, R., & Chase, E. (2015). Shame, Stigma and Policy Effectiveness. 4th Conference of the Regulating for Decent Work Network. Geneva.Walker, R., Kyomuhendo, G., Chase, E., Choudhry, S., Gubrium, E. K., JO, Y. N., vd. (2013). Poverty in Global Perspective: Is Shame a Common Denominator? Journal of Social Policy 42(02).Walton, O. (2011). Helpdesk Research Report: Self-esteem, Shame and Poverty. Governance and Social Development Resource Center.World Bank Group. (2001). What the Poor Say . Worl Bank.
Toplam 1 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 24 Aralık 2020 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2020 Cilt: 20 Sayı: 49 |
