FUTBOL TARAFTARLARININ FANATİKLİK DÜZEYLERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ
Year 2021,
Volume: 19 Issue: 4, 257 - 269, 30.12.2021
Seçkin Doğaner
,
Övünç Erdeveciler
,
Velittin Balcı
,
Yalçın Uyar
,
Taylan Özgür Bağış
Musa Ercan
Abstract
Fanatizm olgusu literatürde olumlu ve olumsuz davranışları içeren bir tür bağımlılık veya aşırılık olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Fanatizm davranışı aynı zamanda tanınmış kişi, takım, kulüp veya benzeri unsurlara karşı geliştirilen bir duygu durumu olarak da nitelenmektedir. Bu davranışlar spor ortamları başta olmak üzere birçok alanda kendisini göstermektedir. Özellikle geniş katılımlı spor etkinlikleri fanatizm davranışlarının incelenmesi açısından önemli bulunmaktadır. Bu nedenle araştırmada futbol seyircilerinin fanatiklik düzeylerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada “Sosyal Kimlik Teorisi”nden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmaya Ankara ili içerisinde yer alan toplam 1000 taraftar dahil edilmiştir. Ölçme aracı olarak, demografik soruların dışında Taşmektepligil ve ark., (2015) tarafından geliştirilen 13 soru ve 2 alt boyuttan oluşan “Futbol Taraftarı Fanatiklik Ölçeği” uygulanmıştır. Veriler için gerekli olan normallik ve güvenirlik testleri yapıldıktan sonra demografik yüzdelikler verilmiş ve parametrik testlerden t-Testi ve Anova testleri uygulanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, kadın taraftarların erkeklere göre daha yüksek fanatiklik puanları aldıkları tespit edilmiştir. Aynı zamanda eğitim ve gelir düzeyi açısından istatistiksel farklar olduğu görülmüştür. Maç izleme ortamı ve maç izlemek için tercih edilen yerler açısından da gruplar içerisinde istatistiksel anlamlı farklar olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak taraftarların fanatiklik düzeylerinin demografik değişkenler açısından farklılıklar gösterdiği tespit edilmiş olup, taraftarların fanatiklik düzeyleri yüksek bulunmuştur. Elde edilen sonuçlar literatürde yayınlanmış sonuçlar ile karşılaştırılmış ve yorumlanarak gelecek araştırmalar için öneriler sunulmuştur.
References
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- Duarte, I. C., Afonso, S., Jorge, H., Cayolla, R., Ferreira, C., Castelo-Branco, M. (2017). Tribal Love: The Neural Correlates Of Passionate Engagement İn Football Fans. Social Cognitive And Affective Neuroscience, 12(5), 718-728.
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- Fujita, M., Harrigan, P., Soutar, G. N. (2018). Capturing And Co-Creating Student Experiences in Social Media: A Social Identity Theory Perspective. Journal Of Marketing Theory And Practice, 26(1-2), 55-71.
- Fuschillo, G. (2020). Fans, Fandoms, or Fanaticism? Journal of Consumer Culture, 20(3), 347-365.
- Gantz, W., Lewis, N. (2021). Sports Fanship Changes Across the Lifespan. Communication Sport, 2167479521991812.
- George, D., Mallery M. (2010). SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference, 17.0 update (10a ed.) Boston: Pearson.
- Jovanovska, S. R. (2020). Sports Marketing-Products and Customers. Research in Physical Education, Sport Health, 9(1).
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- Kruger, M., Saayman, M. (2019). Kick-Starting The Experience–An Experience-Based Typology Of Spectators At A Live Action Sport Event. Annals Of Leisure Research, 22(5), 679-698.
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- Richelieu, A. (2021). From Sport To ‘Sportainment’: The Art of Creating An Added-Value Brand Experience For Fans. Journal of Brand Strategy, 9(4), 408-422.
- Scheepers, D., Ellemers, N. (2019). Social Identity Theory. In Social Psychology In Action (pp. 129-143). Springer, Cham.
- Seong, D. H. (2021). How to Utilize Sports Psychology for Better Customer Experience in Sports Retail Store as a Distribution Content Perspective. Journal of Distribution Science, 19(2), 45-52.
- Setiadi, R., Franky, F. (2019). Analysis of The Influence of KTA On the Level of Anarchies Related to The Age and Fanatism Level of Football Supporters in Indonesia. In Journal of International Conference Proceedings (Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 379-383).
- Shane-Nichols, A., McCrohan, D., Chung, T. L. (2016, November). NFL Fanatics Communication of Identity through Apparel and Merchandise: A Gender Comparison. In International Textile and Apparel Association Annual Conference Proceedings (Vol. 73, No. 1). Iowa State University Digital Press.
- Smith, S., Fisher, D., Cole, S. J. (2007). The Lived Meanings Of Fanaticism: Understanding The Complex Role Of Labels And Categories İn Defining The Self İn Consumer Culture. Consumption Markets Culture, 10(2), 77-94.
- Trepte, S., Loy, L. S. (2017). Social Identity Theory And Self‐Categorization Theory. The International Encyclopedia Of Media Effects, 1-13.
- Williams, D. P., Rode, C. R., Slavich, M. A. Camping for the Need of Speed: An Analysis of the Motives of NASCAR Fanatics to RV Camp at Racing Events. Global Sport Business Journal,6(1).
- Zelyurt, M. K. (2019). Futbol Taraftarlığı, Özdeşleşme Ve Kimlik: Taraftarlıktan Fanatizme... Sportif Bakış: Spor ve Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(1), 85-105.
Year 2021,
Volume: 19 Issue: 4, 257 - 269, 30.12.2021
Seçkin Doğaner
,
Övünç Erdeveciler
,
Velittin Balcı
,
Yalçın Uyar
,
Taylan Özgür Bağış
Musa Ercan
References
- Agusman, R., Setiawan, C. (2018). The Phenomenological Study of Fanaticism of Football PSS Sleman Supporters. In2nd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science (YISHPESS 2018) and 1st Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports (CoIS 2018) (pp. 523-525). Atlantis Press.
- Alqmase, M., Al-Muhtaseb, H., Rabaan, H. (2021). Sports-Fanaticism Formalism For Sentiment Analysis in Arabic text. Social Network Analysis and Mining, 11(1), 1-24.
- Atasoy, M. (2019). Examination of the Attitudes of Adanaspor's and Adana Demirspor's Supporters Relevant to Fanaticism. Journal of Education and Learning, 8(1), 158-163.
- Baltas, A. (2021). Football Clubs, Social Changes, and Political Disputes in Interwar Greece. The International Journal of the History of Sport, 37(11), 992-1006.
- Brooks, S. K. (2018). Fanatics: Systematic Literatüre Review Of Factors Associated With Celebrity Worship, And Suggested Directions For Future Research. CurrentPsychology, 1-23.
- Budi, D.R., Widyaningsih, R. (2021). Revealing Fanaticism of Football Supporters: Mass Psychology Perspective. Annals of Tropical Medicine Public Health, 24(03).
- Buraimo, B., Simmons, R., Szymanski, S. (2006). English football. Journal of sportseconomics, 7(1), 29-46.
- Burke, J. R., Larry, C. (2016). Educational Research: Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Approaches. Fifth Edition. SAGE Publications, Incorporated.
- Chung, E., Farrelly, F., Beverland, M. B., Karpen, I. O. (2018). Loyalty or Liability: Resolving the Consumer Fanaticism Paradox. Marketing Theory, 18(1), 3-30.
- Creswell, J.W., (2009). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches, Third Edition, SAGE Press, London.
Da Silva, E. C., LasCasas, A. L. (2017). Sportfans as Consumers: An Approach To Sportmarketing. British Journal of Marketing Studies, 5(4), 36-48.
- Doewes, R. I., Purnama, S. K., Islahuzzaman, N. (2020). The Miracle Of Women Suporters’ Fanaticismin Indonesian Football. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 24(02).
- Duarte, I. C., Afonso, S., Jorge, H., Cayolla, R., Ferreira, C., Castelo-Branco, M. (2017). Tribal Love: The Neural Correlates Of Passionate Engagement İn Football Fans. Social Cognitive And Affective Neuroscience, 12(5), 718-728.
- Dwyer, B., LeCrom, C., Greenhalgh, G. P. (2018). Exploring And Measuring Spectator Sport Fanaticism. Communication Sport, 6(1), 58-85.
- Erdoğan, A., Şirin, E. F. (2021). Adaptation of sport fanaticism scale into Turkısh. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, 23(2), 141-149.
- Fujita, M., Harrigan, P., Soutar, G. N. (2018). Capturing And Co-Creating Student Experiences in Social Media: A Social Identity Theory Perspective. Journal Of Marketing Theory And Practice, 26(1-2), 55-71.
- Fuschillo, G. (2020). Fans, Fandoms, or Fanaticism? Journal of Consumer Culture, 20(3), 347-365.
- Gantz, W., Lewis, N. (2021). Sports Fanship Changes Across the Lifespan. Communication Sport, 2167479521991812.
- George, D., Mallery M. (2010). SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference, 17.0 update (10a ed.) Boston: Pearson.
- Jovanovska, S. R. (2020). Sports Marketing-Products and Customers. Research in Physical Education, Sport Health, 9(1).
- Kayış, A. (2006). “Güvenirlik Analizi (Reliability Analysis)”, SPSS Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli İstatistik Teknikleri, 2.Baskı, Editör: Kalaycı Ş. Asil Yayınları, Ankara.
- Kruger, M., Saayman, M. (2019). Kick-Starting The Experience–An Experience-Based Typology Of Spectators At A Live Action Sport Event. Annals Of Leisure Research, 22(5), 679-698.
- Kumar, D. (2018). Sport Tourism: A New Educational Concept for Sustainable Development. Multidisciplinary Higher Education, Research, Dynamics Concepts: Opportunities Challenges For Sustainable Development (ISBN 978-93-87662-12-4), 1(1), 69-75.
- Kutomanov, S. A., Lipich, T. I., Borisova, O. S., Pocheptsov, S. S. (2019). Football Fans in The Context of Negative Identity.
- Lee, J. H. (2021). Effect of Sports Psychology on Enhancing Consumer Purchase Intention for Retailers of Sports Shops: Literature Content Analysis. Journal of Distribution Science, 19(4), 5-13.
- Mohr, M., Nassis, G. P., Brito, J., Randers, M. B., Castagna, C., Parnell, D., Krustrup, P. (2020). Return to Elite Football After The COVID-19 Lockdown. Managing Sport and Leisure, 1-9.
- Naumenko, Y. (2018). Sport as a socialphenomenon. InSHS Web of Conferences (Vol. 55, p. 02023). EDP Sciences.
- Richelieu, A. (2021). From Sport To ‘Sportainment’: The Art of Creating An Added-Value Brand Experience For Fans. Journal of Brand Strategy, 9(4), 408-422.
- Scheepers, D., Ellemers, N. (2019). Social Identity Theory. In Social Psychology In Action (pp. 129-143). Springer, Cham.
- Seong, D. H. (2021). How to Utilize Sports Psychology for Better Customer Experience in Sports Retail Store as a Distribution Content Perspective. Journal of Distribution Science, 19(2), 45-52.
- Setiadi, R., Franky, F. (2019). Analysis of The Influence of KTA On the Level of Anarchies Related to The Age and Fanatism Level of Football Supporters in Indonesia. In Journal of International Conference Proceedings (Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 379-383).
- Shane-Nichols, A., McCrohan, D., Chung, T. L. (2016, November). NFL Fanatics Communication of Identity through Apparel and Merchandise: A Gender Comparison. In International Textile and Apparel Association Annual Conference Proceedings (Vol. 73, No. 1). Iowa State University Digital Press.
- Smith, S., Fisher, D., Cole, S. J. (2007). The Lived Meanings Of Fanaticism: Understanding The Complex Role Of Labels And Categories İn Defining The Self İn Consumer Culture. Consumption Markets Culture, 10(2), 77-94.
- Trepte, S., Loy, L. S. (2017). Social Identity Theory And Self‐Categorization Theory. The International Encyclopedia Of Media Effects, 1-13.
- Williams, D. P., Rode, C. R., Slavich, M. A. Camping for the Need of Speed: An Analysis of the Motives of NASCAR Fanatics to RV Camp at Racing Events. Global Sport Business Journal,6(1).
- Zelyurt, M. K. (2019). Futbol Taraftarlığı, Özdeşleşme Ve Kimlik: Taraftarlıktan Fanatizme... Sportif Bakış: Spor ve Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(1), 85-105.