Year 2023,
Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 130 - 149, 31.12.2023
Ayhan Duygulu
,
Necati Cemaloğlu
References
- Ahmad, I., & Gao, Y. (2018). Ethical leadership and work engagement: The roles of psychological empowerment and power distance orientation. Management Decision, 56(9), 1991-2005. https://sci-hub.se/10.1108/md-02-2017-0107
- Brown, M. E., & Treviño, L. K. (2006). Ethical leadership: A review and future directions. The Leadership Quarterly, 17(2006), 595-616. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=2658dae92fd7150964cc457c25e477ec0d4b342e
- Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, E. K., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2008). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri (2. bs). Pegem Akademi.
- Chong, J. X., Beenen, G., Gagné, M., & Dunlop, P. D. (2021). Satisfying newcomers’ needs: The role of socialization tactics and supervisor autonomy support. Journal of Business and Psychology, 36(2021), 315-331. https://espace.curtin.edu.au/bitstream/handle/20.500.11937/82435/82497.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y
- Ciulla, J. B. (2005). The state of leadership ethics and the work that lies before us. Business Ethics: A European Review, 14(4), 323-335. http://www1.worldbank.org/publicsector/anticorrupt/LeadershipEthics/CuillaBEER06.pdf
- Clugston, M., Howell, J. P., & Dorfman, P. W. (2000). Does cultural socialization predict multiple bases and foci of commitment?. Journal of management, 26(1), 5-30. https://sci-hub.se/10.1177/014920630002600106
- Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2018). Research methods in education (8th ed.). Routledge. https://kwaracails.edu.ng/library/resources/[Louis_Cohen,_Lawrence_Manion,_Keith_Morrison]_Res(z-lib.org).pdf
- Cooper-Thomas, H. D., & Anderson, N. (2006). Organizational socialization: A new theoretical model and recommendations for future research and HRM practices in organizations. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 21(2006), 492–516. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940610673997
- Cooper-Thomas, H. D., & Anderson, N. (2005). Organizational socialization: A field study into socialization success and rate. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 13(2), 116-128. https://sci-hub.se/10.1111/j.0965-075x.2005.00306.x
- Çokluk, Ö., & Kayrı, M. (2011). Kayıp değerlere yaklaşık değer atama yöntemlerinin ölçme araçlarının geçerlik ve güvenirliği üzerindeki etkisi. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilimleri, 11(1), 289-309. https://docplayer.biz.tr/217014-Kayip-degerlere-yaklasik-deger-atama-yontemlerinin-olcme-araclarinin-gecerlik-ve-guvenirligi-uzerindeki-etkisi.html
- Daniels, M. A., & Greguras, G. J. (2014). Exploring the nature of power distance: Implications for micro- and macro-level theories, processes, and outcomes. Journal of Management, 40(5), 1202-1229. https://sci-hub.se/10.1177/0149206314527131
- Dotse, J., & Asumeng, M. (2014). Power distance as moderator of the relationship between organizational leadership style and employee work attitudes: An empirical study in Ghana. International Journal of Management Sciences and Business Research, 3(5), 63-76. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2724975
- Drazilova, D. W., & Williams, G. (2011). Ethics and public policy. In I. Pigeot & W. Ahrens (Eds.), (pp. 7-21). springer series on epidemiology and public health. Springer.
- Erdoğan, U., & Dönmez, B. (2019). Development and validation of organizational socialization scale. Inonu University, Journal of the Faculty of Education, 20(1), 288-302. http://abakus.inonu.edu.tr/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11616/18998/Makale%20Dosyas%C4%B1.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
- Fang, R., Duffy, M. K., & Shaw, J. D. (2011). The organizational socialization process: Review and development of a social capital model. Journal of Management, 37(1), 127-152. https://sci-hub.se/10.1177/0149206310384630
- Filstad, C. (2011). Organizational commitment through organizational socialization tactics. Journal of Workplace Learning, 23(6), 376-390. https://sci-hub.se/10.1108/13665621111154395
- Ghosh, A. (2011). Power distance in organizational contexts-A review of collectivist cultures. Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, 47(1), 89-101. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23070557
- Gini, A. (1998). Moral leadership and business ethics. In J. B. Ciulla (Ed.), Ethics, the heart of leadership (pp. 27–45). Quorum Books. https://academic.udayton.edu/lawrenceulrich/LeaderArticles/Moral%20LEADERSHIP.pdf
- Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2014). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.). Pearson Education Limited.
- Hayes, A. F. (2018). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression based approach. The Guilford Press. https://edisciplinas.usp.br/pluginfile.php/5725353/mod_resource/content/1/HAYES%20-%20Introduction%20to%20Mediation%2C%20Moderation%2C%20and%20Conditional%20Process%20Analysis.%20A%20Regression-based%20Approach%20%282018%29.pdf
- Hegarty, N., & Moccia, S. (2018). Components of ethical leadership and their importance in sustaining organizations over the long term. The Journal of Values Based Leadership, 11(1), 1-11. https://scholar.valpo.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1199&context=jvbl
- Hober, B., Schaarschmidt, M., & von Korflesch, H. (2021). Internal idea contests: Work environment perceptions and the moderating role of power distance. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 6(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2019.11.003
- Howitt, D., & Cramer, D. (2017). Research methods in psychology (5th ed). Pearson Education Limited.
- Kadi, A. (2015). Investigating teachers’ organizational socialization levels and perceptions about leadership styles of their principals. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 3(4), 101-109. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1067247.pdf
- Kelidbari, H. R. R., Fadaei, M., & Ebrahimi, P. (2016). The role of ethical leadership on employee performance in Guilan University of medical sciences. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 230(2016), 463-470. https://sci-hub.se/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.09.058
- Khatri, N. (2009). Consequences of power distance orientation in organisations. Vision, 13(1), 1-9. https://sci-hub.se/10.1177/097226290901300101
- Kılılnç, S., & Erkutlu, H. V. (2017). Yöneticilerin etik liderlik davranışlarının örgütsel özdeşleşme, sapkın davranışlar ve sinizme etkisi (Master's thesis, Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi). http://acikerisim.nevsehir.edu.tr/xmlui/bitstream/handle/20.500.11787/294/Sevgi_K%20l%20%E9%8F%AETez.pdf?sequence=1
- Klein, H. J., & Weaver, N. A. (2000). The effectiveness of an organizational-level orientation training program in the socialization of new hires. Personnel Psychology, 53(1), 47-66. https://sci-hub.se/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2000.tb00193.x
- Korkmaz, S. (2018). Dindarlık ile ego sağlamlığı ve empati arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi. Bilimname, 2018(36), 587-607. https://doi.org/10.28949/bilimname.439858
- Lawton, A., Rayner, J., & Lasthuizen, K. (2013). Ethics and management in the public sector. Routledge.https://erl.ucc.edu.gh/jspui/bitstream/123456789/2973/1/%5BAlan_Lawton%2C_Julie_Rayner%2C_Karin_Lasthuizen%5D_Ethi%28BookZZ.org%29.pdf
- Loi, R., Lam, L.W., & Chan, K.W. (2012). Coping with job insecurity: The role of procedural justice, ethical leadership and power distance orientation. Journal of Business Ethics 108(2012), 361-372. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-1095-3
- Madhukar, V., & Sharma, S. (2017). Organisational climate: A conceptual perspective. International Journal of Management, IT & Engineering, 7(8), 276-293. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325057614_Organisational_Climate_A_Conceptual_Perspective
- Martin, W. E., & Bridgmon, K. D. (2012). Quantitative and statistical research methods: From hypothesis to results. Jossey-Bass.
- Men, L. R. (2015). The role of ethical leadership in ınternal communication: Influences on communication symmetry, leader credibility, and employee engagement. Public Relations Journal, 9(1), 1-22. https://www.prsa.org/publications-and-news/Vol9/No1
- Mullane, S. P. (2009). Ethics and leadership. The Johnson A, Edosomwan Leadership Institute, University of Miami. https://sites.education.miami.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Sports_ethics-and-leadership.pdf
- Nikoi, A. A. A. (2008). Ethical leadership and business decision: Making in contemporary times. International Journal of Business and Management, 3(10), 183-193. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.672.6585&rep=rep1&type=pdf
- Northam, D., & Dunn, J. (2005). Leadership and ethics: The relationship of leadership style in maintaining organizational ethical and moral behavior. AthabascaUniversity. http://dtpr.lib.athabascau.ca/action/download.php?filename=mba-06/open/DanielNorthamProject.pdf
- Obicci, P. A. (2014). Effects of ethical leadership on employee performance in Uganda. Net Journal of Business Management, 3(1), 1-12. http://www.netjournals.org/pdf/NJBM/2015/1/14-024.pdf
- Poohongthong, C., Surat, P., & Sutipan, P. (2014). A study on the relationships between ethical leadership, work-life balance, organizational socialization, and organizational citizenship behavior of teachers in Northern Thailand. The Journal of Behavioral Science, 9(2), 17-28. https://so06.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/IJBS/article/download/20100/pdf/
- Pitzer-Brandon, D. M. (2013). The impact of erhical leadership on employee organizational citizenship behaviors, Doctoral Dissertation, Capella University, Minneapolis. https://pqdtopen.proquest.com/doc/1473916470.html?FMT=AI
- Saks, A. M., & Gruman, J. A. (2018). Socialization resources theory and newcomers’ work engagement: A new pathway to newcomer socialization. Career Development International, 23(1), 12-32. https://sci-hub.se/10.1108/cdi-12-2016-0214
- Shaw, J. D., Gupta, N., & Delery, J. E. 2005. Alternative conceptualizations of the relationship between voluntary turnover and organizational performance. Academy of Management Journal, 48(1), 50-68. https://sci-hub.se/10.5465/amj.2005.15993112
- Stockemer, D. (2019). Quantitative methods for the social sciences: A practical introduction with examples in SPSS and stata. Springer International Publishing.
- Taormina, R. J., & Bauer, T. N. (2000). Organizational socialization in two cultures: Results from the United States and Hong Kong. The International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 8(3), 262-289. https://sci-hub.se/10.1108/eb028919
- Tuna, M., Bircan, H., & Yeşiltaş, M. (2012). Etik liderlik ölçeği’nin geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalişmasi: antalya örneği. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 26(2), 143-155.
- Turan, G. A. (2019). Öğretmen görüşlerine göre örgütsel sosyalleşme ile dönüşümcü liderlik arasindaki ilişki, Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Marmara University, İstanbul. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
- Tyler, T. R., Lind, E. A., & Huo, Y. J. (2000). Cultural values and authority relations: The psychology of conflict resolution across cultures. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 6(4), 1138–1163. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8971.6.4.1138
- Whitton, H. (2009). Developing the “ethical competence” of public officials. In R. W. Cox (Ed.), Ethics and integrity in public administration: Concepts and cases (pp. 236-255) içinde. M.E. Sharpe, Inc. https://www.academia.edu/9917160/Ethics_and_Integrity_in_Public_Administration_Concepts_and_Cases
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The Impact of Organizational Power Distance on Organizational Socialization: The Mediating Role of Ethical Leadership
Year 2023,
Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 130 - 149, 31.12.2023
Ayhan Duygulu
,
Necati Cemaloğlu
Abstract
The aim of this study is to figure out the interrelationships among organizational power distance, ethical leadership and organizational socialization. Ethical leadership can contribute to the factors which enable organizations function more efficiently and effectively. Organizational power distance and organizational socialization can be regarded to be the most important components of organizational effectiveness. In this study, the mediating role of ethical leadership for the impact of organizational power-distance on organizational socialization was scrutinized through the opinions of 361 teachers in Kastamonu. The study is in a descriptive survey model. The analysis was carried out through Hayes Process Analysis on SPSS. It was found out that there is a significant interrelationship between organizational power-distance and organizational socialization and ethical leadership has a mediating role for this interrelationship between these two variables. Ethical leadership serves as a fully mediating role for the relationship between organizational power distance and organizational socialization.
References
- Ahmad, I., & Gao, Y. (2018). Ethical leadership and work engagement: The roles of psychological empowerment and power distance orientation. Management Decision, 56(9), 1991-2005. https://sci-hub.se/10.1108/md-02-2017-0107
- Brown, M. E., & Treviño, L. K. (2006). Ethical leadership: A review and future directions. The Leadership Quarterly, 17(2006), 595-616. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=2658dae92fd7150964cc457c25e477ec0d4b342e
- Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, E. K., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2008). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri (2. bs). Pegem Akademi.
- Chong, J. X., Beenen, G., Gagné, M., & Dunlop, P. D. (2021). Satisfying newcomers’ needs: The role of socialization tactics and supervisor autonomy support. Journal of Business and Psychology, 36(2021), 315-331. https://espace.curtin.edu.au/bitstream/handle/20.500.11937/82435/82497.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y
- Ciulla, J. B. (2005). The state of leadership ethics and the work that lies before us. Business Ethics: A European Review, 14(4), 323-335. http://www1.worldbank.org/publicsector/anticorrupt/LeadershipEthics/CuillaBEER06.pdf
- Clugston, M., Howell, J. P., & Dorfman, P. W. (2000). Does cultural socialization predict multiple bases and foci of commitment?. Journal of management, 26(1), 5-30. https://sci-hub.se/10.1177/014920630002600106
- Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2018). Research methods in education (8th ed.). Routledge. https://kwaracails.edu.ng/library/resources/[Louis_Cohen,_Lawrence_Manion,_Keith_Morrison]_Res(z-lib.org).pdf
- Cooper-Thomas, H. D., & Anderson, N. (2006). Organizational socialization: A new theoretical model and recommendations for future research and HRM practices in organizations. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 21(2006), 492–516. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940610673997
- Cooper-Thomas, H. D., & Anderson, N. (2005). Organizational socialization: A field study into socialization success and rate. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 13(2), 116-128. https://sci-hub.se/10.1111/j.0965-075x.2005.00306.x
- Çokluk, Ö., & Kayrı, M. (2011). Kayıp değerlere yaklaşık değer atama yöntemlerinin ölçme araçlarının geçerlik ve güvenirliği üzerindeki etkisi. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilimleri, 11(1), 289-309. https://docplayer.biz.tr/217014-Kayip-degerlere-yaklasik-deger-atama-yontemlerinin-olcme-araclarinin-gecerlik-ve-guvenirligi-uzerindeki-etkisi.html
- Daniels, M. A., & Greguras, G. J. (2014). Exploring the nature of power distance: Implications for micro- and macro-level theories, processes, and outcomes. Journal of Management, 40(5), 1202-1229. https://sci-hub.se/10.1177/0149206314527131
- Dotse, J., & Asumeng, M. (2014). Power distance as moderator of the relationship between organizational leadership style and employee work attitudes: An empirical study in Ghana. International Journal of Management Sciences and Business Research, 3(5), 63-76. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2724975
- Drazilova, D. W., & Williams, G. (2011). Ethics and public policy. In I. Pigeot & W. Ahrens (Eds.), (pp. 7-21). springer series on epidemiology and public health. Springer.
- Erdoğan, U., & Dönmez, B. (2019). Development and validation of organizational socialization scale. Inonu University, Journal of the Faculty of Education, 20(1), 288-302. http://abakus.inonu.edu.tr/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11616/18998/Makale%20Dosyas%C4%B1.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
- Fang, R., Duffy, M. K., & Shaw, J. D. (2011). The organizational socialization process: Review and development of a social capital model. Journal of Management, 37(1), 127-152. https://sci-hub.se/10.1177/0149206310384630
- Filstad, C. (2011). Organizational commitment through organizational socialization tactics. Journal of Workplace Learning, 23(6), 376-390. https://sci-hub.se/10.1108/13665621111154395
- Ghosh, A. (2011). Power distance in organizational contexts-A review of collectivist cultures. Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, 47(1), 89-101. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23070557
- Gini, A. (1998). Moral leadership and business ethics. In J. B. Ciulla (Ed.), Ethics, the heart of leadership (pp. 27–45). Quorum Books. https://academic.udayton.edu/lawrenceulrich/LeaderArticles/Moral%20LEADERSHIP.pdf
- Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2014). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.). Pearson Education Limited.
- Hayes, A. F. (2018). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression based approach. The Guilford Press. https://edisciplinas.usp.br/pluginfile.php/5725353/mod_resource/content/1/HAYES%20-%20Introduction%20to%20Mediation%2C%20Moderation%2C%20and%20Conditional%20Process%20Analysis.%20A%20Regression-based%20Approach%20%282018%29.pdf
- Hegarty, N., & Moccia, S. (2018). Components of ethical leadership and their importance in sustaining organizations over the long term. The Journal of Values Based Leadership, 11(1), 1-11. https://scholar.valpo.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1199&context=jvbl
- Hober, B., Schaarschmidt, M., & von Korflesch, H. (2021). Internal idea contests: Work environment perceptions and the moderating role of power distance. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 6(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2019.11.003
- Howitt, D., & Cramer, D. (2017). Research methods in psychology (5th ed). Pearson Education Limited.
- Kadi, A. (2015). Investigating teachers’ organizational socialization levels and perceptions about leadership styles of their principals. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 3(4), 101-109. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1067247.pdf
- Kelidbari, H. R. R., Fadaei, M., & Ebrahimi, P. (2016). The role of ethical leadership on employee performance in Guilan University of medical sciences. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 230(2016), 463-470. https://sci-hub.se/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.09.058
- Khatri, N. (2009). Consequences of power distance orientation in organisations. Vision, 13(1), 1-9. https://sci-hub.se/10.1177/097226290901300101
- Kılılnç, S., & Erkutlu, H. V. (2017). Yöneticilerin etik liderlik davranışlarının örgütsel özdeşleşme, sapkın davranışlar ve sinizme etkisi (Master's thesis, Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi). http://acikerisim.nevsehir.edu.tr/xmlui/bitstream/handle/20.500.11787/294/Sevgi_K%20l%20%E9%8F%AETez.pdf?sequence=1
- Klein, H. J., & Weaver, N. A. (2000). The effectiveness of an organizational-level orientation training program in the socialization of new hires. Personnel Psychology, 53(1), 47-66. https://sci-hub.se/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2000.tb00193.x
- Korkmaz, S. (2018). Dindarlık ile ego sağlamlığı ve empati arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi. Bilimname, 2018(36), 587-607. https://doi.org/10.28949/bilimname.439858
- Lawton, A., Rayner, J., & Lasthuizen, K. (2013). Ethics and management in the public sector. Routledge.https://erl.ucc.edu.gh/jspui/bitstream/123456789/2973/1/%5BAlan_Lawton%2C_Julie_Rayner%2C_Karin_Lasthuizen%5D_Ethi%28BookZZ.org%29.pdf
- Loi, R., Lam, L.W., & Chan, K.W. (2012). Coping with job insecurity: The role of procedural justice, ethical leadership and power distance orientation. Journal of Business Ethics 108(2012), 361-372. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-1095-3
- Madhukar, V., & Sharma, S. (2017). Organisational climate: A conceptual perspective. International Journal of Management, IT & Engineering, 7(8), 276-293. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325057614_Organisational_Climate_A_Conceptual_Perspective
- Martin, W. E., & Bridgmon, K. D. (2012). Quantitative and statistical research methods: From hypothesis to results. Jossey-Bass.
- Men, L. R. (2015). The role of ethical leadership in ınternal communication: Influences on communication symmetry, leader credibility, and employee engagement. Public Relations Journal, 9(1), 1-22. https://www.prsa.org/publications-and-news/Vol9/No1
- Mullane, S. P. (2009). Ethics and leadership. The Johnson A, Edosomwan Leadership Institute, University of Miami. https://sites.education.miami.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Sports_ethics-and-leadership.pdf
- Nikoi, A. A. A. (2008). Ethical leadership and business decision: Making in contemporary times. International Journal of Business and Management, 3(10), 183-193. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.672.6585&rep=rep1&type=pdf
- Northam, D., & Dunn, J. (2005). Leadership and ethics: The relationship of leadership style in maintaining organizational ethical and moral behavior. AthabascaUniversity. http://dtpr.lib.athabascau.ca/action/download.php?filename=mba-06/open/DanielNorthamProject.pdf
- Obicci, P. A. (2014). Effects of ethical leadership on employee performance in Uganda. Net Journal of Business Management, 3(1), 1-12. http://www.netjournals.org/pdf/NJBM/2015/1/14-024.pdf
- Poohongthong, C., Surat, P., & Sutipan, P. (2014). A study on the relationships between ethical leadership, work-life balance, organizational socialization, and organizational citizenship behavior of teachers in Northern Thailand. The Journal of Behavioral Science, 9(2), 17-28. https://so06.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/IJBS/article/download/20100/pdf/
- Pitzer-Brandon, D. M. (2013). The impact of erhical leadership on employee organizational citizenship behaviors, Doctoral Dissertation, Capella University, Minneapolis. https://pqdtopen.proquest.com/doc/1473916470.html?FMT=AI
- Saks, A. M., & Gruman, J. A. (2018). Socialization resources theory and newcomers’ work engagement: A new pathway to newcomer socialization. Career Development International, 23(1), 12-32. https://sci-hub.se/10.1108/cdi-12-2016-0214
- Shaw, J. D., Gupta, N., & Delery, J. E. 2005. Alternative conceptualizations of the relationship between voluntary turnover and organizational performance. Academy of Management Journal, 48(1), 50-68. https://sci-hub.se/10.5465/amj.2005.15993112
- Stockemer, D. (2019). Quantitative methods for the social sciences: A practical introduction with examples in SPSS and stata. Springer International Publishing.
- Taormina, R. J., & Bauer, T. N. (2000). Organizational socialization in two cultures: Results from the United States and Hong Kong. The International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 8(3), 262-289. https://sci-hub.se/10.1108/eb028919
- Tuna, M., Bircan, H., & Yeşiltaş, M. (2012). Etik liderlik ölçeği’nin geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalişmasi: antalya örneği. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 26(2), 143-155.
- Turan, G. A. (2019). Öğretmen görüşlerine göre örgütsel sosyalleşme ile dönüşümcü liderlik arasindaki ilişki, Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Marmara University, İstanbul. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
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- Whitton, H. (2009). Developing the “ethical competence” of public officials. In R. W. Cox (Ed.), Ethics and integrity in public administration: Concepts and cases (pp. 236-255) içinde. M.E. Sharpe, Inc. https://www.academia.edu/9917160/Ethics_and_Integrity_in_Public_Administration_Concepts_and_Cases
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