Araştırma Makalesi
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THE RELATIONSHIP OF ANXIETY LEVELS OF WOMEN RECOVERING FROM COVID-19 WITH MENSTRUAL CYCLE CHANGES

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3, 284 - 300, 20.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.70813/ssd.1411339

Öz

Aim: This study aimed to determine menstrual cycle changes and anxiety levels in women with COVID-19 after recovery.
Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between 25 October 2021 and 27 February 2022 on 324 women who were diagnosed with COVID-19 and recovered at the Pandemic Outpatient Clinic of Kayseri City Training and Research Hospital. Study data were collected using a Personal Information Form, A Menstrual Symptom Scale, and a State-Trait Anxiety Inventory.
Findings: Women's scores on the Menstrual Symptom Scale varied according to age, BMI, marital status, education level and time elapsed after COVID-19 recovery (p<0.05). While there was an increase in length of menstrual cycle, duration of menstrual bleeding, severity of dysmenorrhea and number of analgesics used in the menstrual cycle after COVID-19 infection compared to before COVID-19 infection (p<0.05), there was no difference in the number of pads used (p >0.05). There was a weak positive correlation between women's state anxiety score and the negative effects sub-dimension (r=.131; p<0.05). There was a statistically significant positive and weak correlation between state anxiety score and menstrual symptom scale negative effects (r=0.232; p<0.001), menstrual pain symptoms (r=0.240; p<0.001), coping methods sub-dimension (r= 0.147; p =0.008) and total scale score (r=0.237; p<0.001).
Results: As a result of this study, it can be said that having COVID-19 infection and anxiety may cause menstrual cycle irregularities in women. Nurses should assess the menstrual cycles of women with COVID-19 infection and refer them to appropriate treatment and counseling services if necessary.

Kaynakça

  • ACOG Committee. (2015). “Opinion No. 651: Menstruation in girls and adolescents: Using the menstrual cycle as a vital sign”, Obstet Gynecol, 126, e143-146.
  • Al-Najjar, M. A. A., Al-Alwany, R. R., Al-Rshoud, F. M., Abu-Farha, R. K., & Zawiah, M. (2022). “Menstrual changes following COVID-19 infection: A cross-sectional study from Jordan and Iraq”, PLoS ONE, 17(6), e0270537.
  • Ansong, E., Arhin, S. K., Cai, Y., Xu, X., & Wu, X. (2019). “Menstrual characteristics, disorders and associated risk factors among female international students in Zhejiang Province, China: A cross-sectional survey”, BMC Women's Health, 19, 35.
  • Arora, T., Grey, I., Östlundh, L., Lam, K. B. H., Omar, O. M., & Arnone, D. (2022). “The prevalence of psychological consequences of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies”, J Health Psychol, 27(4), 805-824.
  • Arslan Özkan, H., & Abalı Çetin, S. (2019). “Üreme Organları Fonksiyon Bozuklukları”, H. Arslan Özkan (Ed.), Hemşirelik ve Ebelik İçin Kadın Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları, içinde (625-631), Ankara: Akademisyen Kitabevi.
  • Beaglehole, B., Mulder, R. T., Frampton, C. M., Boden, J. M., Newton-Howes, G., & Bell, C. J. (2018). “Psychological distress and psychiatric disorder after natural disasters: Systematic review and meta-analysis”, BJPsych, 213(6), 716-722.
  • Bruinvels, G., Goldsmith, E., Blagrove, R. C., Martin, D., Shaw, L., & Piasecki, J. (2021). “How lifestyle changes within the COVID-19 global pandemic have affected the pattern and symptoms of the menstrual cycle, MedRxiv. 1-30. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.01.21250919
  • Chesney, M. A., & Tasto, D. L. (1975). “The development of the menstrual symptom questionnaire”, Behav Res Ther, 13(4), 237-244.
  • Choudhury, S. A., & Nath, P. (2020). “Abnormal uterine bleeding; its prevalence, causes and management in a tertiary care hospital”, N Indian J OBGYN, 7(1), 52-7.
  • Cohen, J. (1988). “Set correlation and contingency tables”, Appl Psychol Meas, 12(4), 425-434.
  • Demir, Ö., Sal, H., & Comba, C. (2021). “Triangle of COVID, anxiety and menstrual cycle”, JOGR, 1(8), 1257-1261.
  • Ding, T., Wang, T., Zhang, J., Cui, P., Chen, Z., Jiang, J., Zhou, D., Wang, K., Lin, J., Li, A., & Zheng, Y. (2021). “Analysis of ovarian injury associated with COVID-19 disease in reproductive-aged women in Wuhan, China: An observational study”, Front Med, 8, 635255.
  • Direkvand-Moghadam, A., Sayehmiri, K., Delpisheh, A., & Kaikhavandi, S. (2014). “Epidemiology of premenstrual syndrome (PMS)-a systematic review and meta-analysis study”, JCDR, 8(2), 106-109.
  • Güvenç, G., Seven, M., & Akyüz, A. (2014). “Menstrüasyon semptom ölçeği'nin türkçe'ye uyarlanması”, TAF Prev Med Bull, 13(5), 367-374.
  • Lagha, M., Hamdi, G., Dhaouadi, N., Chebli, S., & Ridha, R. (2022). “Depression in women recovered from COVID-19”, Eur Psychiatry, 65, S490-S490.
  • Lebar, V., Laganà, A. S., Chiantera, V., Kunič, T., & Lukanović, D. (2022). “The effect of covid-19 on the menstrual cycle: A systematic review”, J Clin Med, 11(13),3800.
  • Madaan, S., Talwar, D., Jaiswal, A., Chouksey, P., Agrawal, S., & Singh, A. (2022). “Post-COVID-19 menstrual abnormalities and infertility: Repercussions of the pandemic”, J Educ Health Promot, 11(1), 170, 2022.
  • Mitsuhashi, R., Sawai, A., Kiyohara, K., Shiraki, H., & Nakata, Y. (2022). “Factors associated with the prevalence and severity of menstrual-related symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis”, Int J Enviro. Res Public Healt, 20(1),569.
  • Muharam, R., Agiananda, F., Budiman, Y. F., Mawarti, R., & Affandi, B. (2022). “Menstrual cycle changes and mental health states of women hospitalized due to COVID-19”, PLoS ONE, 17(6), e0270658.
  • Nagma, S., Kapoor, G., Bharti, R., Batra, A., Aggarwal, A., & Sablok, A. (2015). “To evaluate the effect of perceived stress on menstrual function”, JCDR, 9, QC01-QC03.
  • Öner, N., & Le Compte, A. (1998). Süreksiz Durumluk/Sürekli Kaygı Envanteri El Kitabı, İstanbul: Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Yayınevi.
  • Sharp, G. C., Fraser, A., Sawyer, G., Cornish, R. P., Tilling, K., & Jaspers, L. (2022). “The COVID-19 pandemic and the menstrual cycle: Research gaps and opportunities”, Int J Epidemiol, 51(3),691-700.
  • Shufelt, C., Torbati, T., & Dutra, E. (2017). “Hypothalamic amenorrhea and the long-term health consequences” Semin Reprod Med, 35,256–262.
  • Spielberger, C. D., Gonzalez-Reigosa, F., Martinez-Urrutia, A., Natalicio, L. F., & Natalicio, D. S. (1971). “The state-trait anxiety inventory”, IJP, 5 (3 & 4).
  • T.C. Resmi Gazete, (2020). Sayı 27515. Hemşirelik yönetmeliği, https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/ (Erişim Tarihi: 27.11.2023).
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). “Using multivariate statistics”, J Multivar Anal, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1217-5
  • Talwar, S., Srivastava, S., Sakashita, M., Islam, N., & Dhir, A. (2022). “Personality and travel intentions during and after the COVID-19 pandemic: An artificial neural network (ANN) approach”, J Bus Res, 142, 400-411.
  • Taşkaldıran, I., Vuraloğlu, E., Bozkuş, Y., Turhan Iyidir, Ö., Nar, A., & Başçıl Tütüncü, N. (2022). “Menstrual changes after COVID-19 infection and COVID-19 vaccination”, Int J Clin Pract, 2022,3199758. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3199758
  • Taşkın, L. (2019). “Üreme Sisteminin Fizyolojisi”, L, Taşkın (Ed.), Doğum ve Kadın Sağlığı Hemşireliği, içinde (47-56), Ankara: Akademisyen Kitabevi.
  • Tripathy, S., & Mohapatra, S. (2022). “The potential impact of COVID-19 on women's reproductive and mental health: A questionnaire study”, J Obstet Gynaecol, 42(7), 3328-3335.
  • Vigil, P., Meléndez, J., Soto, H., Petkovic, G., Bernal, Y. A., & Molina, S. (2022). “Chronic stress and ovulatory dysfunction: Implications in times of COVID-19”, Front Glob Women’s, 3, 866104.
  • Wang, Y.-X., Arvizu, M., Rich-Edwards, J. W., Stuart, J. J., Manson, J. E., Missmer, S. A., Chavarro, J. E., & Hu, F. B. (2020). “Menstrual cycle regularity and length across the reproductive lifespan and risk of premature mortality: Prospective cohort study”, BMJ, 371,m3464.

COVID-19 SONRASI İYİLEŞEN KADINLARIN ANKSİYETE DÜZEYLERİNİN MENSTRUAL SİKLUS DEĞİŞİKLİKLERİ İLE İLİŞKİSİ

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3, 284 - 300, 20.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.70813/ssd.1411339

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmada COVID-19 geçiren kadınların iyileşme sonrası menstrüel siklus değişimleri ve kaygı düzeylerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı kesitsel türde olan çalışma 25 Ekim 2021- 27 Şubat 2022 tarihleri arasında, Kayseri Şehir Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesinin Pandemi Polikliniğinde COVID-19 tanısı almış ve iyileşmiş olan 324 kadın ile yapılmıştır. Çalışma verileri Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Menstrual Semptom Ölçeği, Durumluluk-Sürekli Kaygı envanteri ile toplanmıştır.
Bulgular: Kadınların menstrual semptom ölçeği puanları; yaş, BKİ, medeni durum, eğitim düzeyi, COVID-19 iyileşmesi sonrası geçen süreye göre değişmektedir (p<0.05). Kadınların COVID-19 enfeksiyonu sonrası COVID-19 enfeksiyonu öncesine göre menstrual siklus süresi, menstrual kanama süresi, dismenore şiddeti ve menstrual siklusta kullanılan analjezi saysısında artış olurken (p<0.05), kullanılan ped sayısında farklılık bulunmamaktadır (p>0.05). Kadınların durumluluk kaygı puanı ile negatif etkiler alt boyutu arasında pozitif yönlü zayıf bir ilişki bulunmaktadır (r=0,131; p<0,05). Sürekli kaygı ölçeği puanı ile menstrual semptom ölçeği negatif etkiler (r=0,232; p<0,001), menstrual ağrı belirtileri (r=0,240; p<0,001), baş etme yöntemleri alt boyutları (r=0,147; p=0,008) ve ölçek toplam puanı (r=0,237; p<0,001) arasında arasında pozitif yönlü zayıf bir ilişki bulunmaktadır.
Sonuç: Bu bulgulara dayanarak, COVID-19 enfeksiyonunun ve kaygının kadınlarda menstrual siklus düzensizliklerine neden olabileceği söylenebilir. Hemşireler COVID-19 enfeksiyonu geçirmiş olan kadınların mesntrual siklus özelliklerini değerlendirmeli ve gerektiğinde uygun tedavi ve danışmanlık hizmetlerine yönlendirmelidir.

Etik Beyan

Research Hospital Medical Medical Specialisation Training Board and written ethics committee approval was obtained from the Clinical Research Ethics Committee (534/2021).

Destekleyen Kurum

The authors declared that this study received no financial support.

Teşekkür

The author is grateful to patients to this study.

Kaynakça

  • ACOG Committee. (2015). “Opinion No. 651: Menstruation in girls and adolescents: Using the menstrual cycle as a vital sign”, Obstet Gynecol, 126, e143-146.
  • Al-Najjar, M. A. A., Al-Alwany, R. R., Al-Rshoud, F. M., Abu-Farha, R. K., & Zawiah, M. (2022). “Menstrual changes following COVID-19 infection: A cross-sectional study from Jordan and Iraq”, PLoS ONE, 17(6), e0270537.
  • Ansong, E., Arhin, S. K., Cai, Y., Xu, X., & Wu, X. (2019). “Menstrual characteristics, disorders and associated risk factors among female international students in Zhejiang Province, China: A cross-sectional survey”, BMC Women's Health, 19, 35.
  • Arora, T., Grey, I., Östlundh, L., Lam, K. B. H., Omar, O. M., & Arnone, D. (2022). “The prevalence of psychological consequences of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies”, J Health Psychol, 27(4), 805-824.
  • Arslan Özkan, H., & Abalı Çetin, S. (2019). “Üreme Organları Fonksiyon Bozuklukları”, H. Arslan Özkan (Ed.), Hemşirelik ve Ebelik İçin Kadın Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları, içinde (625-631), Ankara: Akademisyen Kitabevi.
  • Beaglehole, B., Mulder, R. T., Frampton, C. M., Boden, J. M., Newton-Howes, G., & Bell, C. J. (2018). “Psychological distress and psychiatric disorder after natural disasters: Systematic review and meta-analysis”, BJPsych, 213(6), 716-722.
  • Bruinvels, G., Goldsmith, E., Blagrove, R. C., Martin, D., Shaw, L., & Piasecki, J. (2021). “How lifestyle changes within the COVID-19 global pandemic have affected the pattern and symptoms of the menstrual cycle, MedRxiv. 1-30. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.01.21250919
  • Chesney, M. A., & Tasto, D. L. (1975). “The development of the menstrual symptom questionnaire”, Behav Res Ther, 13(4), 237-244.
  • Choudhury, S. A., & Nath, P. (2020). “Abnormal uterine bleeding; its prevalence, causes and management in a tertiary care hospital”, N Indian J OBGYN, 7(1), 52-7.
  • Cohen, J. (1988). “Set correlation and contingency tables”, Appl Psychol Meas, 12(4), 425-434.
  • Demir, Ö., Sal, H., & Comba, C. (2021). “Triangle of COVID, anxiety and menstrual cycle”, JOGR, 1(8), 1257-1261.
  • Ding, T., Wang, T., Zhang, J., Cui, P., Chen, Z., Jiang, J., Zhou, D., Wang, K., Lin, J., Li, A., & Zheng, Y. (2021). “Analysis of ovarian injury associated with COVID-19 disease in reproductive-aged women in Wuhan, China: An observational study”, Front Med, 8, 635255.
  • Direkvand-Moghadam, A., Sayehmiri, K., Delpisheh, A., & Kaikhavandi, S. (2014). “Epidemiology of premenstrual syndrome (PMS)-a systematic review and meta-analysis study”, JCDR, 8(2), 106-109.
  • Güvenç, G., Seven, M., & Akyüz, A. (2014). “Menstrüasyon semptom ölçeği'nin türkçe'ye uyarlanması”, TAF Prev Med Bull, 13(5), 367-374.
  • Lagha, M., Hamdi, G., Dhaouadi, N., Chebli, S., & Ridha, R. (2022). “Depression in women recovered from COVID-19”, Eur Psychiatry, 65, S490-S490.
  • Lebar, V., Laganà, A. S., Chiantera, V., Kunič, T., & Lukanović, D. (2022). “The effect of covid-19 on the menstrual cycle: A systematic review”, J Clin Med, 11(13),3800.
  • Madaan, S., Talwar, D., Jaiswal, A., Chouksey, P., Agrawal, S., & Singh, A. (2022). “Post-COVID-19 menstrual abnormalities and infertility: Repercussions of the pandemic”, J Educ Health Promot, 11(1), 170, 2022.
  • Mitsuhashi, R., Sawai, A., Kiyohara, K., Shiraki, H., & Nakata, Y. (2022). “Factors associated with the prevalence and severity of menstrual-related symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis”, Int J Enviro. Res Public Healt, 20(1),569.
  • Muharam, R., Agiananda, F., Budiman, Y. F., Mawarti, R., & Affandi, B. (2022). “Menstrual cycle changes and mental health states of women hospitalized due to COVID-19”, PLoS ONE, 17(6), e0270658.
  • Nagma, S., Kapoor, G., Bharti, R., Batra, A., Aggarwal, A., & Sablok, A. (2015). “To evaluate the effect of perceived stress on menstrual function”, JCDR, 9, QC01-QC03.
  • Öner, N., & Le Compte, A. (1998). Süreksiz Durumluk/Sürekli Kaygı Envanteri El Kitabı, İstanbul: Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Yayınevi.
  • Sharp, G. C., Fraser, A., Sawyer, G., Cornish, R. P., Tilling, K., & Jaspers, L. (2022). “The COVID-19 pandemic and the menstrual cycle: Research gaps and opportunities”, Int J Epidemiol, 51(3),691-700.
  • Shufelt, C., Torbati, T., & Dutra, E. (2017). “Hypothalamic amenorrhea and the long-term health consequences” Semin Reprod Med, 35,256–262.
  • Spielberger, C. D., Gonzalez-Reigosa, F., Martinez-Urrutia, A., Natalicio, L. F., & Natalicio, D. S. (1971). “The state-trait anxiety inventory”, IJP, 5 (3 & 4).
  • T.C. Resmi Gazete, (2020). Sayı 27515. Hemşirelik yönetmeliği, https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/ (Erişim Tarihi: 27.11.2023).
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). “Using multivariate statistics”, J Multivar Anal, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1217-5
  • Talwar, S., Srivastava, S., Sakashita, M., Islam, N., & Dhir, A. (2022). “Personality and travel intentions during and after the COVID-19 pandemic: An artificial neural network (ANN) approach”, J Bus Res, 142, 400-411.
  • Taşkaldıran, I., Vuraloğlu, E., Bozkuş, Y., Turhan Iyidir, Ö., Nar, A., & Başçıl Tütüncü, N. (2022). “Menstrual changes after COVID-19 infection and COVID-19 vaccination”, Int J Clin Pract, 2022,3199758. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3199758
  • Taşkın, L. (2019). “Üreme Sisteminin Fizyolojisi”, L, Taşkın (Ed.), Doğum ve Kadın Sağlığı Hemşireliği, içinde (47-56), Ankara: Akademisyen Kitabevi.
  • Tripathy, S., & Mohapatra, S. (2022). “The potential impact of COVID-19 on women's reproductive and mental health: A questionnaire study”, J Obstet Gynaecol, 42(7), 3328-3335.
  • Vigil, P., Meléndez, J., Soto, H., Petkovic, G., Bernal, Y. A., & Molina, S. (2022). “Chronic stress and ovulatory dysfunction: Implications in times of COVID-19”, Front Glob Women’s, 3, 866104.
  • Wang, Y.-X., Arvizu, M., Rich-Edwards, J. W., Stuart, J. J., Manson, J. E., Missmer, S. A., Chavarro, J. E., & Hu, F. B. (2020). “Menstrual cycle regularity and length across the reproductive lifespan and risk of premature mortality: Prospective cohort study”, BMJ, 371,m3464.
Toplam 32 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Doğum ve Kadın Hastalıkları Hemşireliği
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Özlem Kaplan 0000-0003-1050-8804

Salime Mucuk 0000-0003-4787-7515

Merve Gül Şahin 0000-0002-1181-6086

Ali Çetinkaya 0000-0001-8485-0982

Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Aralık 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 28 Aralık 2023
Kabul Tarihi 30 Mayıs 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Kaplan, Ö., Mucuk, S., Şahin, M. G., Çetinkaya, A. (2024). THE RELATIONSHIP OF ANXIETY LEVELS OF WOMEN RECOVERING FROM COVID-19 WITH MENSTRUAL CYCLE CHANGES. Selçuk Sağlık Dergisi, 5(3), 284-300. https://doi.org/10.70813/ssd.1411339