EVALUATION OF THE RATE OF HEPATITIS A IMMUNITY IN A SMALL CITY AFTER THE VACCINATION PROGRAM: ONE CENTER EXPERIENCE

Year 2023, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 60 - 72, 04.05.2023

Gökçe Celep , Hüseyin Burak Özçelik , Sümeyye Evsile

https://doi.org/10.55895/sshs.1230912

Abstract

Purpose: Hepatitis A is an infectious disease caused by hepatitis A virus (HAV). Symptomatic infection causes health care costs with loss of labor and school time. HAV outbreaks may cause economic problems by disrupting trade and tourism. The aim of this study is to determine the rate of immunity against HAV infection in a sample of pediatric population.
Methods: The study group consisted of all children who underwent anti-HAV IgG evaluation for any reason between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2020. The data about age, date of birth, sex, residence, vaccination status were retrospectively collected from the hospital record system. Anti-HAV IgG status was determined by chemiluminescent microparticle immunassay kits. The statistical analyses were presented with descriptive methods.
Results: Overall 1189 children aged 1-17 years old enrolled to the study. The rate of anti HAV IgG seropositivity was 41.2% in the whole study group. The rates of completed vaccination scheme and seropositivity were 10.7% and 92.2%. Natural immunity rate was 32.6%.
Conclusion: The 7-17 age group was found to be susceptible to the acute infection, they were considered as the new target population of vaccination. Vaccination seemed to be the most effective way of providing seropositivity to get rid of acute infection risk and eliminating geographic and socioeconomic differences.

Keywords

Hepatitis A, Natural immunity, Seroprevalance, Vaccination

Supporting Institution

None

Project Number

None

Thanks

None

References

• Askling, H. H., Rombo, L., Andersson, Y., Martin, S., & Ekdahl, K. (2009). Hepatitis A risk in travelers. Journal of travel medicine, 16(4), 233-238.
• Carrillo-Santisteve, P., Tavoschi, L., Severi, E., Bonfigli, S., Edelstein, M., Byström, E., Dominguez, A. (2017). Seroprevalence and susceptibility to hepatitis A in the European Union and European Economic Area: a systematic review. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 17(10), e306- e319.
• Ciocca, M. (2000). Clinical course and consequences of hepatitis A infection. Vaccine, 18, S71-S74. Control, E. C. f. D. P. a. (2014). Food-and waterborne diseases and zoonoses Annual epidemiological report. Retrieved June 2022, from http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications/Publications/food-waterborne-diseases-annualepidemiological-report-2014.pdf
• Dawid, H. (2008). Control of Communicable Diseases Mannual; Hepatitis A (H. Dawid Ed. 18 ed.). Washington DC: American Public Health Association.
• Demiray, T., Köroğlu, M., Jacobsen, K. H., Özbek, A., Terzi, H. A., & Altındiş, M. (2016). Hepatitis A virus epidemiology in Turkey as universal childhood vaccination begins: seroprevalence and endemicity by region. The Turkish Journal of Pediatrics, 58(5), 480.
• Derya, D., Necmi, A., Emre, A., & Akgun, Y. (2005). Decline of maternal hepatitis A antibodies during the first 2 years of life in infants born in Turkey. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 73(2).
• Garcia-Comas, L., Ordobas, M., Sanz, J. C., Ramos, B., Arce, A., & Barranco, D. (2016). Population study of seroprevalence of antibodies against hepatitis A virus in the Community of Madrid, 2008-2009. Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica, 34(1), 33-38.
• Guzelkucuk, Z., Camurdan, A. D., Beyazova, U., Bozdayı, G., Civil, F., & Kocak, A. A. (2019). Waning Time of Maternally Derived Anti-Hepatitis A and Anti-Varicella Zoster Virus Antibodies. Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, 14(03), 116-120.
• Jacobsen, K., & Koopman, J. (2005). The effects of socioeconomic development on worldwide hepatitis A virus seroprevalence patterns. International journal of epidemiology, 34(3), 600- 609.
• Jacobsen, K. H. (2009). The global prevalence of hepatitis A virus infection and susceptibility: a systematic review.
• Jacobsen, K. H., & Wiersma, S. T. (2010). Hepatitis A virus seroprevalence by age and world region, 1990 and 2005. Vaccine, 28(41), 6653-6657.
• Kader, Ç., Göçmen, A. Y., Demir, M. I., Çolak, N. Y., Gök, S. E., Arıkan, F. İ., . . . Erbay, A. (2019). Hepatitis A immunity in Yozgat, Turkey. Annals of Saudi Medicine, 39(1), 37-41.
• Koroglu, M., Jacobsen, K. H., Demiray, T., Ozbek, A., Erkorkmaz, U., & Altindis, M. (2017). Socioeconomic indicators are strong predictors of hepatitis A seroprevalence rates in the Middle East and North Africa. Journal of infection and public health, 10(5), 513-517.
• Köse, Ş., Ödemiş, I., Çelik, D., Tatar, G., Akbulut, I., & Çiftdoğan, D. Y. (2017). Hepatitis A, B, C and HIV seroprevalence among Syrian refugee children admitted to outpatient clinics. Le infezioni in medicina, 25(4), 339-343.
• Lemon, S. M., Ott, J. J., Van Damme, P., & Shouval, D. (2018). Type A viral hepatitis: A summary and update on the molecular virology, epidemiology, pathogenesis and prevention. Journal of Hepatology, 68(1), 167-184.
• MacDonald, E., Steens, A., Stene-Johansen, K., Lassen, S. G., Midgley, S., Lawrence, J., Frank, C. (2013). Increase in hepatitis A in tourists from Denmark, England, Germany, the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden returning from Egypt, November 2012 to March 2013. Eurosurveillance, 18(17), 20468.
• Mohd Hanafiah, K., Jacobsen, K. H., & Wiersma, S. T. (2011). Challenges to mapping the health risk of hepatitis A virus infection. International journal of health geographics, 10(1), 1-8. Ott, J. J., Irving, G., & Wiersma, S. T. (2012). Long-term protective effects of hepatitis A vaccines. A systematic review. Vaccine, 31(1), 3-11.
• Sharara, S. L., & Kanj, S. S. (2014). War and infectious diseases: challenges of the Syrian civil war. PLoS pathogens, 10(11), e1004438.
• Tavoschi, L., Severi, E., Niskanen, T., Boelaert, F., Rizzi, V., Liebana, E., Coulombier, D. (2015). Food-borne diseases associated with frozen berries consumption: a historical perspective, European Union, 1983 to 2013. Eurosurveillance, 20(29), 21193.
• Turkish Ministry of Health. (2022). Hepatitis A Vaccination Cover Letter. Retrieved June 2022, from https://dosyaism.saglik.gov.tr WHO/UNICEF. (2015). Progress on sanitation and drinking water: 2015 update and MDG assessment: World Health Organization. World Health Organization, WHO. (2000). Hepatitis A vaccines. WklyEpidemiol Rec(75), 38-44.
• World Health Organization, WHO. (2012). WHO position paper on hepatitis A vaccines. WklyEpidemiol Rec, 76, 261-276.
• World Health Organization, WHO. (2016). The Global Prevalence of Hepatitis A Virus Infection and Susceptibility: A Systematic Review. Retrieved june, 2022, from http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/70180/1/WHO_IVB_10.01_eng.pdf.
• World Health Organization, WHO. (2019). The immunological basis for immunization series (Vol. Hepatitis A). Geneva: World Health Organization.