Akdeniz Bölgesi, Göller Yöresi’nde yer alan Burdur’da ilk Türk İslam yerleşimi XI. yüzyılda başlamış olup bölgede Anadolu Selçuklu Devleti, Hamidoğulları, Osmanlı Devleti hakimiyetini sürdürmüştür. Burdur, Osmanlı Dönemi’nde 1923’e kadar Konya vilayetine bağlı nahiye iken 1923’te Cumhuriyet’in ilanıyla il olmuştur.
Türk İslam döneminde Burdur’da pek çok eser inşa edilmiş ancak 1914 yılında meydana gelen deprem nedeniyle yapılar zarar görmüştür. Deprem sonrası I. Dünya Savaşı’nın devam etmesine rağmen şehir merkezinde hasarlı yapıların ileri gelenler ve halk tarafından yeniden onarılması hem savaşın hem de depremin yaralarını sarmak anlamında önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bu süreçte Burdur il merkezinde onarımı yapılan camilerin mihrapları ise çalışmanın konusunu oluşturmaktadır. İslâm sanatı içerisindeki gelişimi uzun bir döneme yayılan mihrap, her dönemin sanat ve üslup anlayışını yansıtacak şekilde zaman içerisinde değişip gelişerek, dini mimarinin en önemli elemanı haline gelmiştir.
Mihraplar inşa edildikleri dönemin form, üslup ve süsleme anlayışını yansıtacak biçimde kronolojik olarak ele alınmıştır. Mihrapların özellikleri, malzemesi ve süslemeleri tek tek değerlendirilmiş, benzer mihraplarla karşılaştırılarak şehir, bölge ve Türk mimarisine katkıları üzerinde durulmaya çalışılmıştır. Burdur il merkezinde ele alınan on üç mihrap ise bu değişim ve gelişimin gösterildiği örneklerdendir.
Pamukkale Üniversitesi BAP
SOBE2019008
Desteklerinden dolayı birime teşekkür ederiz.
Located in the Lake District of the Mediterranean Region, Burdur encompasses a rich historical background in which the settlement itself can be dated back to the Neolithic Age. The first Turkish-Islamic settlement in Burdur started with the Anatolian Seljuk State in the 11th century. With the disintegration of the Seljuk State in Anatolia, the Hamid Beylik (Principality) was active in the area until the second half of the 14th century. The region’s sovereignty under the Ottoman State commenced during the reign of Murad I. While Burdur was attached to the Hamid Sanjak according to the 15th and 16th century Cadastral (Tahrir) Record Books during the Ottoman Period, a sanjak had been established centered in Burdur in the 19th century which, until 1923, was bound to the province of Konya. With the proclamation of the Republic, Burdur became a province.
Many structures were constructed in the city center of Burdur during the Turkish-Islamic period, however, most of these buildings had been even out demolished due to the earthquake that occurred in 1914. Amongst these structures, the only building that survived to the present without suffering any damage during the earthquake is the Saden Mosque which was constructed in the years 1861 and 1862. After the earthquake, the efforts of the people and notables of the city to reconstruct the damaged buildings in the city center until the first half of the 20th century despite the on-going World War I have an important place in terms of healing wounds created both by the war and the earthquake. The mihrabs (niches) of Gazi (Ghazi) Mosque, Şeyh (Sheikh) Sinan Mosque, Hacı (Haji) Mahmut Mosque, Hacı (Haji) Abdullah Mosque, Great (Ulu) Mosque, Hecin Dede Mosque, Necatibey Mosque, Eski-Yeni (Old New) Mosque, Mustafa Hoca (Hodja) Mosque, Recep Mosque and Taşdemir Mosque that underwent repairs in Burdur city center (excluding Saden Mosque) during this period constitute the subject of the article. As a result of the literature review of these mihrabs, no periodic publication was found within the field of Art History. During the field studies, the measurements of the thirteen mihrabs were acquired as well as photographed, sketched and described.
Mihrabs, whose development in Islamic art spans over a long period of time, have developed and changed over time reflecting the understanding of art and style of every period and thus have become one of the most important elements of religious architecture exposing the economy, fashion, preference and the desire of the patron of the era.
The thirteen mosque mihrabs located in the city center of Burdur have been studied chronologically in a way that would reflect the understanding of form, style and decoration of the period in which they were built. The iconographies of the floral motifs, S-C curve branches, large acanthus leaves, curtain and oil lamp motifs that appear in the mihrabs are also attempted to be explained. The mihrabs examined in the study reflect the form and decoration that are encountered both in those of the late Ottoman era and early years of the Republic. Moreover, the mihrabs have been compared with similar work and thus their contributions to the city, region and Turkish architecture have been tried to be elaborated on. The thirteen mihrabs undertaken in the Burdur city center are examples that demonstrate this change and progress.
SOBE2019008
Primary Language | Turkish |
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Subjects | Islamic Arts, Art History |
Journal Section | RESEARCH |
Authors | |
Project Number | SOBE2019008 |
Early Pub Date | September 23, 2023 |
Publication Date | September 23, 2023 |
Published in Issue | Year 2023 Volume: 32 Issue: 1 |