İLERİ YAŞLARDA KİNEZYOFOBİ

Year 2021, Volume: 30 Issue: 2, 116 - 125, 30.04.2021

Rengin Güzel , Jale İrdesel , Yeşim Gökçe Kutsal

https://doi.org/10.17942/sted.899387

Cited By: 4

Abstract

Kinezyofobi (hareket etme korkusu); zarar görme ya da tekrar yaralanmaktan kaçınmak için fiziksel harekete karşı aşırı ve mantıksız bir korku olarak tanımlanır. Kronik ağrıda yaygınlığı %50-70 arasında değişmektedir. Yaşlılarda kinezyofobi için en önemli risk faktörü kas-iskelet sistemi ile ilişkili sorunlardan kaynaklanan kronik ağrıdır. Frailite- kırılganlık, Parkinson hastalığı, erken ve orta evre demans ve nöropatik ağrı da yaşlılarda kinezyofobi ile ilişkilendirilmiştir. Kinezyofobi bu yaş grubunda mobilite ve dengenin önemli bir belirleyicisi olup kas güçsüzlüğü, fonksiyonel kapasitede azalma, engellilik, yaşam kalitesinde azalma ile ilişkilidir. Düşme korkusu nedeniyle aktivitelerden kaçınma da yaşlıda sedanter davranışı artıran önemli bir faktördür. Kinezyofobi genellikle Tampa Kinezyofobi Ölçeği ile değerlendirilir.
Kinezyofobinin önlenmesi yaşlı bireylerin sağlıklı yaşam sürdürmeleri için önemlidir. Mobilite yaşlıların fonksiyonel bağımsızlıklarını korumalarında kritik öneme sahiptir ve mobilitesi azalan yaşlılarda morbidite ve mortalite oranları daha yüksektir. Düzenli fiziksel aktivite ve fitness egzersizleri kinezyofobiyi önleyebilir; tedavisinde terapötik egzersizler ve bilişsel davranışsal tedavi yer almaktadır.
Kinezyofobi, kalıcı ağrının önemli bir boyutu olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Dolayısı ile günlük pratik hekimlik uygulamalarında kinezyofobinin değerlendirilmesi klinisyenlere yaşlı hastaya yaklaşımda yol gösterici olacaktır.

Keywords

yaşlı, kronik ağrı, hareket, korku

KINESIOPHOBIA IN ADVANCED AGE

Abstract

Kinesophobia (fear of movement); is defined as an excessive, irrational and unreasonable fear of movement, due to a feeling of vulnerability to a painful injury or reinjury. Its prevalence in chronic pain varies between 50-70%. The most important risk factor for kinesophobia in the elderly is chronic pain related to the musculoskeletal system. Frailty, Parkinson disease, mild and moderate stage dementia and neuropathic pain are also associated with kinesophobia in the elderly. Kinesiophobia is an important determinant of mobility and balance in this age group and is associated with muscle weakness, decreased functional capacity, disability, and decreased quality of life. Avoiding activities due to fear of falling is also an important factor that increases sedentary behavior in the elderly. Kinesiophobia is usually assessed with the Tampa Kinesophobia Scale.
Prevention of kinesophobia is important for elderly people to maintain a healthy life. Mobility is critical for the elderly to maintain their functional independence, morbidity and mortality rates are higher in elderly people with reduced mobility. Regular physical activity and fitness exercises can prevent kinesiophobia. Therapeutic exercises and cognitive behavioral therapy constitute the treatment.
Kinesiophobia is defined as an important dimension of persistent pain. Therefore, evaluation of kinesiophobia in daily practice will guide clinicians in approaching elderly patients.

Keywords

elderly, chronic pain, movement, fear

References

• Roelofs J, van Breukelen G, Sluiter J, Frings-Dresen MHW, Goossens M, Thibault P et al. Norming of the tampa scale for kinesiophobia across pain diagnoses and various countries. Pain 2011;152:1090–5.
• Vlaeyen JW, KoleSnijders AM, Rotteveel AM, Ruesink R, Heuts PH. The role of fear of movement (re)injury in pain disability. J Occup Rehabil 1995;5:235–52.
• Vlaeyen JW, Linton SJ. Fear-avoidance model of chronic musculoskeletal pain: 12 years on. Pain 2012;153:1144-7.
• Leeuw M, Goossens ME, Linton SJ, Crombez G, Boersma K, Vlaeyen JW. The fear-avoidance model of musculoskeletal pain: current state of scientific evidence. J Behav Med 2007;30:77-94.
• Luque-Suarez A, Martinez-Calderon J, Falla D. Role of kinesiophobia on pain, disability and quality of life in people suffering from chronic musculoskeletal pain: a systematic review. Br J Sports Med 2019;53:554-9.
• Gökçe Kutsal Y. Geriatric syndromes. International Journal on Ageing in Developing Countries 2019, 4: 41-56.
• Kutsal YG, Özdemir O, Karahan S, Akyol Y, Borman P, Doğan A et al. Musculoskeletal pain in elderly patients with osteoporosis: A multicenter study. Turk J Phys Med Rehab 2012; 58:263-6.
• Rastogi R, Meek BD. Management of chronic pain in elderly, frail patients: finding a suitable, personalized method of control. Clin Interv Aging 2013; 8:37-46.
• Ordu Gokkaya NK, Gokce-Kutsal Y, Borman P, Ceceli E, Doğan A, Eyigör S et al. Pain and quality of life (QoL) in elderly: the Turkish experience. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2012; 55:357-62.
• Torrance N, Smith BH, Bennett MI, Lee AJ. The epidemiology of chronic pain of predominantly neuropathic origin. Results from a general population survey. J Pain 2006;7:281-9.
• Bouhassira D, Lantéri-Minet M, Attal N, Laurent B, Touboul C. Prevalence of chronic pain with neuropathic characteristics in the general population. Pain 2008;136:380-7.
• Jay GW, Barkin RL. Neuropathic pain: Etiology, pathophysiology, mechanisms, and evaluations. Dis Mon 2014;60:6-47.
• Gokce Kutsal Y, Eyigor S, Dogan A, Zardoust S, Durmuş B, Evcik D et al. Neuropathic pain in elderly. A multicenter study. Turkish Journal of Geriatrics 2016;19:9-18.
• Pereira LS, Sherrington C, Ferreira ML, Tiedemann A, Ferreira PH, Blyth FM, et al. Self-reported chronic pain is associated with physical performance in older people leaving aged care rehabilitation. Clin Interv Aging 2014;14:259-65.
• Knapik A, Dąbek J, Brzęk A. Kinesiophobia as a problem in adherence to physical activity recommendations in elderly Polish patients with coronary artery disease. Patient Prefer Adherence 2019;13:2129–35.
• Larsson C, Hansson EE, Sundquist K, Jakobsson U. Kinesiophobia and its relation to pain characteristics and cognitive affective variables in older adults with chronic pain. BMC Geriatr 2016; 16:128.
• Svensson GL, Lundberg M, Ostgaard HC, Wendt GK. High degree of kinesiophobia after lumbar disc herniation surgery: a cross-sectional study of 84 patients. Acta Orthop 2011;82:732-6.
• Ishak NA, Zahari Z, Justine M. Kinesiophobia, pain, muscle functions, and functional performances among older persons with low back pain. Pain Res Treat 2017; 2017: 3489617.
• Miller RP, Kori SH, Todd DD. The Tampa Scale: a measure of kinesiofobia. Clin J Pain. 1991;7:51-2.
• Vlaeyen J W, Crombez G, Linton S J. The fear-avoidance model of pain. Pain 2016;157,1588-9.
• Larsson C, Hansson EE, Sundquist K, Jakobsson U. Psychometric properties of the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK-11) among older people with chronic pain. Physiother Theory Pract 2014;30:421–8.
• Archer KR, Phelps KD, Seebach CL, Song Y, Lee H R, Wegener ST. Comparative study of short forms of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia: fear of movement in a surgical spine population. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2012;93:1460-2.
• Acar S, Savcı S, Keskinoğlu P, Akdeniz B, Özpelit E, Kahraman BM et al. Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia for heart Turkish version study: cross-cultural adaptation, exploratory factor analysis, and reliability. J Pain Res 2016;23;445-51.
• Özyemişci Taşkıran Ö, Demirsoy N, Atan T, Yüksel S, Coskun O, Aytur YK et al. Development and validation of a scale to measure fear of activity in patients with coronary artery disease (Fact-CAD) Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2020;101:479-86.
• Branstrom, H, Fahlstrom, M. Kinesiophobia in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain: differences between men and women. J Rehabil Med 2008;40,375-80.
• Santos SN, Ehms ASE, Diógenes SP. Kinesiophobia and associated factors in elderly females with chronic musculoskeletal pain: pilot study. Revista Dor 2016;17:188-191.
• Tunca Yılmaz Ö, Yakut Y, Uygur F, Uluğ N. Tampa Kinezyofobi Ölçeği’nin Türkçe versiyonu ve test-tekrar test güvenirliği. Fizyoterapi Rehabilitasyon 2011;22:44-9.
• Davis JC, Bryan S, Best JR, Li LC, Hsu CL, Gomez C et al. Mobility predicts change in older adults’ health-related quality of life: evidence from a Vancouver falls prevention prospective cohort study. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2015;13:101.
• Saulicz M, Saulicz E, Knapik A, Linek P, Rottermund J, Myśliwiec A et al. Impact of physical activity and fitness on the level of kinesiophobia in women of perimenopausal age. Prz Menopauzalny 2016;15:104-11.
• Vincent HK, Seay AN, Montero C, Conrad BP, Hurley W, Vincent KR. “Kinesiophobia and fear-avoidance beliefs in overweight older adults with chronic low-back pain: relationship to walking endurance: part II,” Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2013;92:439–45.
• Vincent HK, Omli MR, Day T, Hodges M, Vincent KR, George SZ. Fear of movement, quality of life, and selfreported disability in obese patients with chronic lumbar pain. Pain Med 2011;12:154–64.
• Stubbs B, Patchay S, Soundy A, Schofield P. The avoidance of activities due to fear of falling contributes to sedentary behavior among community-dwelling older adults with chronic musculoskeletal pain: a multisite observational study. Pain Med 2014;15:1861-71.
• Mortazavi H, Tabatabaeichehr M, Golestani A, Armat MR, Yousefi MR. The effect of Tai Chi exercise on the risk and fear of falling in older adults. Mater Sociomed 2018;30:38-42.
• Lin M-R, Hwang H-F, Wang Y-W, Chang S-H, Wolf SL. Community-based Tai Chi and its effect on injurious falls, balance, gait, and fear of falling in older people. Phys Ther 2006; 86:1189-201.
• Hosseini L, Kargozar E, Sharifi F, Negarandeh R, Memari A-H, Navab E. Tai Chi Chuan can improve balance and reduce fear of falling in community dwelling older adults: a randomized control trial. J Exerc Rehabil 2018;14:1024-31.
• Steultjens MPM, J. Dekker J, Bijlsma JWJ. Avoidance of activity and disability in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. The mediating role of muscle strength. Arthritis Rheum 2002;46:1784–8.
• Alaca N. The relationships between pain beliefs and kinesiophobia and clinical parameters in Turkish patients with chronic knee osteoarthritis: a cross-sectional study. JPMA 2019;69:823-7.
• Pisters MF, Veenhof C, Van Dijk GM, CARPA Study Group. Avoidance of activity and limitations in activities in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee: a 5 year follow-up study on the mediating role of reduced muscle strength. Osteoarthrtis and Cartilage 2014;22:171-7.
• Erden A, Seçil Gülhan Güner SC. Impact of exercise on quality of life, body awareness, kinesiophobia and the risk of falling among young older adults. Cukurova Med J 2018;43:941-50
• Lorente GD, De Stefani LFB, Martins MRI. Kinesiophobia, adherence to treatment, pain and quality of life in fibromyalgia syndrome patients. Rev Dor. São Paulo 2014;15:121-5.
• Cruz-Díaz D, Romeu M, Velasco-González C, Martínez-Amat A, Hita-Contreras F. The effectiveness of 12 weeks of Pilates intervention on disability, pain and kinesiophobia in patients with chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil 2018;32:1249–57.
• Carter IR, Lord JL. Clinical inquiries. How effective are exercise and physical therapy for chronic low back pain? J Fam Pract 2002;51:209.
• Hayden JA, Van Tulder MW, Malmivaara A, Koes BW. Exercise therapy for treatment of non-specific low back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005; 20:CD000335.
• Vincent HK, George SZ, Seay AN, Vincent KR, Hurley RW. Resistance exercise, disability, and pain catastrophizing in obese adults with back pain. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014;46:1693-701.
• Natour J, Cazotti Lde A, Ribeiro LH, Baptista AS, Jones A. Pilates improves pain, function and quality of life in patients with chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil 2015; 29: 59–68.
• Da Luz Jr MA, Costa LO, Fuhro FF, Manzoni ACT, Oliveira NTB, Cabral CMN. Effectiveness of mat Pilates or equipment-based Pilates exercises in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain: a randomized controlled trial. Phys Ther 2014; 94: 623–31.
• Miyamoto GC, Costa LO, Galvanin T, Cabral CMN. Efficacy of the addition of modified Pilates exercises to a minimal intervention in patients with chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial. Phys Ther 2013; 93: 310–20.
• Cruz-Díaz D, Bergamin M, Gobbo S, Martínez-Amat A, Hita-Contreras FH. Comparative effects of 12 weeks of equipment based and mat Pilates in patients with chronic low back pain on pain, function and transversus abdominis activation. A randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Med 2017;33: 72–7.
• Wells C, Kolt GS, Bialocerkowski A. Defining Pilates exercise: a systematic review. Complement Ther Med 2012;20:253–62.
• Cruz-Díaz D, Martínez-Amat A, Osuna-Pérez MC, de la Torre-Cruz MJ, Hita-Contreras FH. Short-and long-term effects of a six-week clinical Pilates program in addition to physical therapy on postmenopausal women with chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial. Disabil Rehabil 2016;38:1300–8.
• Martinez-Calderon J, Flores-Cortes M, Morales-Asencio JM, Luque-Suarez A. Conservative interventions reduce fear in individulas with chronic low back pain: A systematic review. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2020;101:329-58.
• Cheng JOS, Cheng S-T. Effectiveness of physical and cognitive-behavioural intervention programmes for chronic musculoskeletal pain in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. PLoS ONE 2019;14(10): e0223367
• Gόrska M. The cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of patients suffering from kinesiophobia. Pol J Aviat Med Bioeng Psychol 2016;22:43-50.
• McCracken, LM, Turk DC. Behavioral and cognitive–behavioral treatment for chronic pain: outcome, predictors of outcome, and treatment process. Spine 2002;27:2564-73.
• Monticone M, Ambrosini E, Rocca B, Magni S, Brivio F, Ferrante S. A multidisciplinary rehabilitation programme improves disability, kinesiophobia and walking ability in subjects with chronic low back pain: results of a randomised controlled pilot study. Eur Spine J 2014;23:2105–13.
• Monticone M, Ambrosini E, Rocca B, Cazzaniga D, Liquori V, Foti C. Group-based task-oriented exercises aimed at managing kinesiophobia improved disability in chronic low back pain. Eur J Pain 2016;20:541-51.
• Monticone M, Ambrosini E, Rocca B, Cazzaniga D, Liquori V, Pedrocchi A et al. Group-based multimodal exercises integrated with cognitive-behavioural therapy improve disability, pain and quality of life of subjects with chronic neck pain: A randomized controlled trial with one-year follow-up. Clin Rehabil 2017;31:742-52.
• Thompson DP, Oldham JA, Woby SR. Does adding cognitive-behavioural physiotherapy to exercise improve outcome in patients with chronic neck pain? A randomised controlled trial. Physiotherapy 2016;102:170-7.