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Covid-19 Pandemisine Seroepidemiyolojik Yaklaşım

Year 2021, Volume: 30 Issue: 4, 278 - 287, 07.09.2021
https://doi.org/10.17942/sted.892713

Abstract

Seroepidemiyoloji, biyolojik belirteçler aracılığıyla toplumda bulaşıcı hastalıklarla ilgili mevcut/geçmiş enfeksiyonun dağılımını ve risk faktörlerini incelemek için bir hedef toplumdan ya da toplumdan seçilen örnekten kan örneklerinin sistematik olarak toplanması test edilmesi ve raporlanmasıdır. Kesin tanı konulmuş COVID-19 olgularının epidemiyolojik sürveyansı, tüm enfeksiyonların yalnızca bir kısmını yakalayabilir. “Semptom yoksa test yok” politikaları ve enfeksiyonun büyük kısmının asemptomatik ya da subklinik semptomlarla seyretmesi gibi nedenlerle Covid-19 olgularının büyük bir kısmı tespit edilememektedir. Seroepidemiyolojik araştırmalar ise SARS-CoV-2 virüsüne karşı toplumda antikorları olan nüfusun oranını belirleyerek, toplumda virüs ile enfekte olmuş bireylerin tespit edilmesini ve salgının asıl boyutunun değerlendirilmesini sağlamaktadır. Aynı zamanda enfeksiyon bulaş zincirine yönelik planlanan halk sağlığı önlemlerinin izlenmesi ve değerlendirilmesinde önemli rol üstlenmektedir. Bu çalışma kapsamında; seroepidemiyoloji kavramına, önemine, seroepidemiyolojik araştırmalar için kullanılan serolojik testlere, serprevalansı etkileyen faktörlere, Dünya’da SARS-CoV-2 seroepidemiyolojisi bağlamında yapılan araştırmalara değinilmektedir. Böylelikle, halk sağlığı alanında çalışan araştırmacılara SARS-CoV-2 enfeksiyonuna yönelik seroepidemiyolojik araştırmalar hakkında bir temel oluşturulmaya çalışılmıştır.

References

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  • 16. Wajnberg A, Amanat F, Firpo A, Altman DR, Bailey MJ, Mansour M, vd. SARS-CoV-2 infection induces robust, neutralizing antibody responses that are stable for at least three months. medRxiv. 17 Temmuz 2020;2020.07.14.20151126.
  • 17. Wajnberg A, Amanat F, Firpo A, Altman DR, Bailey MJ, Mansour M, vd. Robust neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 infection persist for months. Science. 04 Aralık 2020;370(6521):1227-30.
  • 18. Peeling RW, Wedderburn CJ, Garcia PJ, Boeras D, Fongwen N, Nkengasong J, vd. Serology testing in the COVID-19 pandemic response. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 01 Eylül 2020;20(9):e245-9.
  • 19. Huang C, Huang L, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Gu X, vd. 6-month consequences of COVID-19 in patients discharged from hospital: a cohort study. The Lancet. 16 Ocak 2021;397(10270):220-32.
  • 20. WHO.Population-based age-stratified seroepidemiological investigation protocol for coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) infection.23 Ocak 2021. Erişim adresi: https://www.who.int/publications-detail-redirect/WHO-2019-nCoV-Seroepidemiology-2020
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  • 22. Protocol of a population-based prospective COVID-19 cohort study Munich, Germany (KoCo19) | medRxiv .[05 Ocak 2021]. Erişim adresi: https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.28.20082743v1
  • 23. Sereina H, Jessie DB, Steven A, Ine W, Esra E, Lisbeth P, vd. Seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against SARS coronavirus 2 in Belgium – a prospective cross-sectional nationwide study of residual samples. medRxiv. 30 Temmuz 2020;2020.06.08.20125179.
  • 24. Sood N, Simon P, Ebner P, Eichner D, Reynolds J, Bendavid E, vd. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2–Specific Antibodies Among Adults in Los Angeles County, California, on April 10-11, 2020. JAMA. 16 Haziran 2020;323(23):2425-7.
  • 25. Merkely B, Szabó AJ, Kosztin A, Berényi E, Sebestyén A, Lengyel C, vd. Novel coronavirus epidemic in the Hungarian population, a cross-sectional nationwide survey to support the exit policy in Hungary. GeroScience. 01 Ağustos 2020;42(4):1063-74.
  • 26. Resultados preliminares do primeiro Inquérito Serológico Nacional COVID-19 – Relatório - INSA [İnternet]. [a.yer 01 Mart 2021]. Erişim adresi: http://www.insa.min-saude.pt/resultados-preliminares-do-primeiro-inquerito-serologico-nacional-covid-19-relatorio/
  • 27. Carrat F, Lamballerie X de, Rahib D, Blanche H, Lapidus N, Artaud F, vd. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 among adults in three regions of France following the lockdown and associated risk factors: a multicohort study. medRxiv. 18 Eylül 2020;2020.09.16.20195693.
  • 28. Xu X, Sun J, Nie S, Li H, Kong Y, Liang M, vd. Seroprevalence of immunoglobulin M and G antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in China. Nature Medicine. Ağustos 2020;26(8):1193-5.
  • 29. Hallal PC, Hartwig FP, Horta BL, Silveira MF, Struchiner CJ, Vidaletti LP, vd. SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence in Brazil: results from two successive nationwide serological household surveys. Lancet Glob Health. Kasım 2020;8(11):e1390-8.
  • 30. Prakash O, Solanki B, Sheth JK, Joshi B, Kadam M, Vyas S, vd. Assessing seropositivity for IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in Ahmedabad city of India: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open [İnternet]. 05 Ocak 2021 [a.yer 18 Ocak 2021];11(1). Erişim adresi: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7786546
  • 31. Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in Geneva, Switzerland (SEROCoV-POP): a population-based study - The Lancet [İnternet]. [a.yer 05 Ocak 2021]. Erişim adresi: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-67362031304-0/fulltext
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  • 34. Poustchi H, Darvishian M, Mohammadi Z, Shayanrad A, Delavari A, Bahadorimonfared A, vd. SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence in the general population and high-risk occupational groups across 18 cities in Iran: a population-based cross-sectional study. Lancet Infect Dis. 15 Aralık 2020;
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  • 36. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. Covid19.[07 Mart 2021]. Erişim adresi: https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/
  • 37. Alali WQ, Bastaki H, Longenecker JC, Aljunid SM, AlSeaidan M, Chehadeh W, vd. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in migrant workers in Kuwait. Journal of Travel Medicine [İnternet]. 05 Aralık 2020 [a.yer 06 Şubat 2021];(taaa223). Erişim adresi: https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/taaa223
  • 38. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Seroprevalence Among Adults in a Tropical City of the Caribbean Area, Colombia: Are We Much Closer to Herd Immunity Than Developed Countries? | Open Forum Infectious Diseases | Oxford Academic [İnternet]. [a.yer 03 Mart 2021]. Erişim adresi: https://academic.oup.com/ofid/article/7/12/ofaa550/5977863
  • 39. Figar S, Pagotto V, Luna L, Salto J, Manslau MW, Mistchenko AS, vd. Community-level SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence Survey in urban slum dwellers of Buenos Aires City, Argentina: a participatory research. medRxiv. 16 Temmuz 2020;2020.07.14.20153858.
  • 40. Ng OT, Marimuthu K, Koh V, Pang J, Linn KZ, Sun J, vd. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and transmission risk factors among high-risk close contacts: a retrospective cohort study. The Lancet Infectious Diseases [Internet]. 02 Kasım 2020 [a.yer 18 Ocak 2021];0(0). Erişim adresi: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(20)30833-1/abstract
Year 2021, Volume: 30 Issue: 4, 278 - 287, 07.09.2021
https://doi.org/10.17942/sted.892713

Abstract

References

  • Kaynaklar 1. Remuzzi A, Remuzzi G. COVID-19 and Italy: what next? Lancet. 2020;395(10231):1225-8.
  • 2. WHO.Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard.16 Şubat 2021. Erişim adresi: https://covid19.who.int
  • 3. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı.Covid19.16 Şubat 2021. Erişim adresi: https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/
  • 4. Vos ERA, Hartog G den, Schepp RM, Kaaijk P, Vliet J van, Helm K, vd. Nationwide seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and identification of risk factors in the general population of the Netherlands during the first epidemic wave. J Epidemiol Community Health .30 Kasım 2020; Erişim adresi: https://jech.bmj.com/content/early/2020/11/28/jech-2020-215678
  • 5. Sood N, Simon P, Ebner P, Eichner D, Reynolds J, Bendavid E, vd. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2–Specific Antibodies Among Adults in Los Angeles County, California, on April 10-11, 2020. JAMA. 16 Haziran 2020;323(23):2425-7.
  • 6. Pollán M, Pérez-Gómez B, Pastor-Barriuso R, Oteo J, Hernán MA, Pérez-Olmeda M, vd. Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Spain (ENE-COVID): a nationwide, population-based seroepidemiological study. The Lancet. 22 Ağustos 2020;396(10250):535-44.
  • 7. Jiles R, Klevens M, Hughes E. Surveillance and Seroepidemiology. Içinde: Kaslow RA, Stanberry LR, Le Duc JW, editörler. Viral Infections of Humans: Epidemiology and Control.Boston, MA: Springer US; 2014.s. 63-79. Erişim adresi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7448-8_4
  • 8. Arnold BF, Scobie HM, Priest JW, Lammie PJ. Integrated Serologic Surveillance of Population Immunity and Disease Transmission - Volume 24, Number 7—July 2018 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC. 11 Ocak 2021; Erişim adresi: https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/24/7/17-1928_article
  • 9. Nogrady B. What the data say about asymptomatic COVID infections. Nature. 18 Kasım 2020;587(7835):534-5.
  • 10. He J, Guo Y, Mao R, Zhang J. Proportion of asymptomatic coronavirus disease 2019: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Medical Virology. 2021;93(2):820-30.
  • 11. CDC. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) [İnternet]. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2020 [a.yer 12 Ocak 2021]. Erişim adresi: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/covid-data/seroprevalance-surveys-tell-us.html
  • 12. openFDA.05 Ocak 2021. Erişim adresi:https://open.fda.gov/apis/device/covid19serology/
  • 13. Post N, Eddy D, Huntley C, van Schalkwyk MCI, Shrotri M, Leeman D, vd. Antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans: A systematic review. PLoS One [İnternet]. 31 Aralık 2020 [a.yer14Ocak2021];15(12).Erişimadresi:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7775097/
  • 14. Schroeder HW, Cavacini L. Structure and Function of Immunoglobulins. J Allergy Clin Immunol. Şubat 2010;125(2 0 2):S41-52.
  • 15. Velikova TV, Kotsev SV, Georgiev DS, Batselova HM. Immunological aspects of COVID-19: What do we know? World J Biol Chem. 27 Eylül 2020;11(2):14-29.
  • 16. Wajnberg A, Amanat F, Firpo A, Altman DR, Bailey MJ, Mansour M, vd. SARS-CoV-2 infection induces robust, neutralizing antibody responses that are stable for at least three months. medRxiv. 17 Temmuz 2020;2020.07.14.20151126.
  • 17. Wajnberg A, Amanat F, Firpo A, Altman DR, Bailey MJ, Mansour M, vd. Robust neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 infection persist for months. Science. 04 Aralık 2020;370(6521):1227-30.
  • 18. Peeling RW, Wedderburn CJ, Garcia PJ, Boeras D, Fongwen N, Nkengasong J, vd. Serology testing in the COVID-19 pandemic response. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 01 Eylül 2020;20(9):e245-9.
  • 19. Huang C, Huang L, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Gu X, vd. 6-month consequences of COVID-19 in patients discharged from hospital: a cohort study. The Lancet. 16 Ocak 2021;397(10270):220-32.
  • 20. WHO.Population-based age-stratified seroepidemiological investigation protocol for coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) infection.23 Ocak 2021. Erişim adresi: https://www.who.int/publications-detail-redirect/WHO-2019-nCoV-Seroepidemiology-2020
  • 21. CDC. Cases, Data, and Surveillance [İnternet]. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.06 Şubat 2021; Erişim adresi: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/covid-data/seroprevalence-types.html
  • 22. Protocol of a population-based prospective COVID-19 cohort study Munich, Germany (KoCo19) | medRxiv .[05 Ocak 2021]. Erişim adresi: https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.28.20082743v1
  • 23. Sereina H, Jessie DB, Steven A, Ine W, Esra E, Lisbeth P, vd. Seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against SARS coronavirus 2 in Belgium – a prospective cross-sectional nationwide study of residual samples. medRxiv. 30 Temmuz 2020;2020.06.08.20125179.
  • 24. Sood N, Simon P, Ebner P, Eichner D, Reynolds J, Bendavid E, vd. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2–Specific Antibodies Among Adults in Los Angeles County, California, on April 10-11, 2020. JAMA. 16 Haziran 2020;323(23):2425-7.
  • 25. Merkely B, Szabó AJ, Kosztin A, Berényi E, Sebestyén A, Lengyel C, vd. Novel coronavirus epidemic in the Hungarian population, a cross-sectional nationwide survey to support the exit policy in Hungary. GeroScience. 01 Ağustos 2020;42(4):1063-74.
  • 26. Resultados preliminares do primeiro Inquérito Serológico Nacional COVID-19 – Relatório - INSA [İnternet]. [a.yer 01 Mart 2021]. Erişim adresi: http://www.insa.min-saude.pt/resultados-preliminares-do-primeiro-inquerito-serologico-nacional-covid-19-relatorio/
  • 27. Carrat F, Lamballerie X de, Rahib D, Blanche H, Lapidus N, Artaud F, vd. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 among adults in three regions of France following the lockdown and associated risk factors: a multicohort study. medRxiv. 18 Eylül 2020;2020.09.16.20195693.
  • 28. Xu X, Sun J, Nie S, Li H, Kong Y, Liang M, vd. Seroprevalence of immunoglobulin M and G antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in China. Nature Medicine. Ağustos 2020;26(8):1193-5.
  • 29. Hallal PC, Hartwig FP, Horta BL, Silveira MF, Struchiner CJ, Vidaletti LP, vd. SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence in Brazil: results from two successive nationwide serological household surveys. Lancet Glob Health. Kasım 2020;8(11):e1390-8.
  • 30. Prakash O, Solanki B, Sheth JK, Joshi B, Kadam M, Vyas S, vd. Assessing seropositivity for IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in Ahmedabad city of India: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open [İnternet]. 05 Ocak 2021 [a.yer 18 Ocak 2021];11(1). Erişim adresi: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7786546
  • 31. Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in Geneva, Switzerland (SEROCoV-POP): a population-based study - The Lancet [İnternet]. [a.yer 05 Ocak 2021]. Erişim adresi: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-67362031304-0/fulltext
  • 32. Gudbjartsson DF, Norddahl GL, Melsted P, Gunnarsdottir K, Holm H, Eythorsson E, vd. Humoral Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 in Iceland. New England Journal of Medicine [Internet]. 01 Eylül 2020 [a.yer 06 Şubat 2021]; Erişim adresi: https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa2026116
  • 33. Uyoga S, Adetifa IMO, Karanja HK, Nyagwange J, Tuju J, Wanjiku P, vd. Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in Kenyan blood donors. medRxiv. 29 Temmuz 2020;2020.07.27.20162693.
  • 34. Poustchi H, Darvishian M, Mohammadi Z, Shayanrad A, Delavari A, Bahadorimonfared A, vd. SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence in the general population and high-risk occupational groups across 18 cities in Iran: a population-based cross-sectional study. Lancet Infect Dis. 15 Aralık 2020;
  • 35. T.C Sağlık Bakanlığı. Covid-19 Seroprevalans Araştırmasının İkincisi Başladı (21.10.2020) [07 Mart 2021]. Erişim adresi: /TR,76505/covid-19-seroprevalans-arastirmasinin-ikincisi-basladi-21102020.html
  • 36. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. Covid19.[07 Mart 2021]. Erişim adresi: https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/
  • 37. Alali WQ, Bastaki H, Longenecker JC, Aljunid SM, AlSeaidan M, Chehadeh W, vd. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in migrant workers in Kuwait. Journal of Travel Medicine [İnternet]. 05 Aralık 2020 [a.yer 06 Şubat 2021];(taaa223). Erişim adresi: https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/taaa223
  • 38. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Seroprevalence Among Adults in a Tropical City of the Caribbean Area, Colombia: Are We Much Closer to Herd Immunity Than Developed Countries? | Open Forum Infectious Diseases | Oxford Academic [İnternet]. [a.yer 03 Mart 2021]. Erişim adresi: https://academic.oup.com/ofid/article/7/12/ofaa550/5977863
  • 39. Figar S, Pagotto V, Luna L, Salto J, Manslau MW, Mistchenko AS, vd. Community-level SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence Survey in urban slum dwellers of Buenos Aires City, Argentina: a participatory research. medRxiv. 16 Temmuz 2020;2020.07.14.20153858.
  • 40. Ng OT, Marimuthu K, Koh V, Pang J, Linn KZ, Sun J, vd. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and transmission risk factors among high-risk close contacts: a retrospective cohort study. The Lancet Infectious Diseases [Internet]. 02 Kasım 2020 [a.yer 18 Ocak 2021];0(0). Erişim adresi: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(20)30833-1/abstract
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Review
Authors

Ezgi Emli Alpay 0000-0002-2728-1792

Belgin Ünal 0000-0002-4354-8266

Publication Date September 7, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 30 Issue: 4

Cite

Vancouver Emli Alpay E, Ünal B. Covid-19 Pandemisine Seroepidemiyolojik Yaklaşım. JCME. 2021;30(4):278-87.