Deprem Sonrası Zorunlu Uzaktan Eğitim Sürecinde Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Sosyal Onay İhtiyacı ile Öz Anlayışları Arasındaki İlişkide Depresyonun Aracı Rolü

Year 2024, Issue: 54, 33 - 44, 30.08.2024

Ayşe Eliüşük Bülbül

https://doi.org/10.52642/susbed.1406881

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, sosyal onay ihtiyacı ile öz anlayış arasındaki ilişkide depresyonun aracı rolünü incelemektir. Örneklem grubu, 6 Şubat depremi sonrasında zorunlu olarak uzaktan eğitim alan öğrencilerden oluşmaktadır. Örneklem grubu 244’ü (%72,8) kadın 91’i (%21,2) erkek; olmak üzere toplam 335 üniversite öğrencisi oluşmaktadır. Araştırma verileri 2023 yılı Mart ve Nisan ayında toplanmıştır. Çalışmada veri toplama aracı olarak “Kişisel Bilgi Formu”, “Öz Anlayış Ölçeği”, “Sosyal Onay Ölçeği” ve “Beck Depresyon Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Üniversite öğrencilerinin sosyal onay ihtiyacı ve öz anlayış düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkide depresyonun aracı rolünü test etmek amacıyla bootstrap yöntemiyle regresyon analizi yapılmıştır. Analizlerde Process makro kullanılmıştır. Model oluşturulurken depremlerin ve sosyal değişimlerin öğrencilerin psikolojik sağlığı üzerindeki etkilerini anlamak amaçlanmıştır. Deprem travması, sosyal ilişkiler ve öz anlayış gibi faktörler arasındaki ilişki ve depresyon üzerindeki etkileri ele alır. Özellikle uzaktan eğitimdeki öğrencilerin yaşadığı zorlukları anlamak için önemlidir. Araştırma değişkenleri açısından, üniversite öğrencilerinin yaş ve cinsiyete göre yapılan t-testleri sonucunda gruplar arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır. Öğrencilerin depresyon ve öz anlayış arasında negatif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmaktadır. Öz anlayış ile sosyal onay arasında negatif yönde anlamlı ilişki vardır. Öz anlayış ve sosyal onay arasında negatif yönde anlamlı ilişki bulunmaktadır. Üniversite öğrencilerinin sosyal onay ihtiyacı ve öz anlayışları arasındaki ilişkide depresyonun kısmi aracı role sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Buradan hareketle üniversite öğrencilerinin sosyal onay ihtiyacı ve depresyon düzeyleri arttıkça öz anlayışı azalacağı söylenebilir. Aynı zamanda öz anlayış arttıkça depresyon ve sosyal onayı azaltacağı da düşünülebilir.

Keywords

Aracılık, Depresyon, Öz Anlayış, Sosyal Onay İhtiyacı

The Mediatory Role of Depression in the Relationship between Social Approval Needs and Self-Compassion Among University Students in Distance Education

Abstract

This research aims to explore the mediating role of depression in the correlation between the need for social approval and self-compassion. Main focus of the study is to understand the mechanisms that affect university students’ self-compassion during the compulsory distance education following the earthquake on February 6th. The sample consists of 244 females (72.8%) and 91 males (21.2%), totaling 335 university students. Data were collected in March and April of 2023, utilizing the 'Personal Information Form,' 'Self-Compassion Scale,' 'Social Approval Scale,' and 'Beck Depression Scale'. Regression analysis employing the bootstrap method was utilized to assess the mediating role of depression in the relationship between the university students' need for social approval and self-compassion, with the Process macro used for the analyses. The model was created to understand the effects of earthquakes and social changes on students' psychological well-being. It examines the relationship between earthquake trauma, social relationships, self-understanding, and their effects on depression. It is essential for understanding the challenges faced by students in distance education. T-tests conducted on age and gender indicated no significant differences between groups concerning the research variables. The study identified a significant negative correlation between depression and self-compassion among students engaged in distance education. Additionally, a significant negative association was found between self-compassion and the need for social approval. The results revealed negative and significant relationships between self-compassion and social approval. Furthermore, It has been observed that depression has a partial mediating role in the relationship between university students' social approval needs and self-understanding. It is suggested that an increase in the need for social approval and depression levels among university students may contribute to a decrease in self-compassion. Conversely, an elevation in self-compassion may lead to a reduction in depression levels and the need for social approval. It can also be considered that increasing self-compassion may decrease depression and the need for social approval

Keywords

Mediation, Depression, Self-Compassion, Need for Social Approval

References

• Abbott, E., Oh, W., Dai, Y., Feuer, C., Chan, L., Carr, B. G., & Nadkarni, G. N. (2023). Joint modeling of social determinants and clinical factors defines subphenotypes in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survival (Preprint). https://doi.org/10.2196/preprints.51844
• Aker, AT (2006). 1999 Marmara depremleri epidemiyolojik bulgular ve toplum ruh sağlığı politikaları üzerine bir inceleme. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 17 (3), 204. https://www.turkpsikiyatri.com/PDF/C17S3/en/1999Marmara.pdf
• Akimoto, K., Asano, S., Satoh, Y., & Yokogushi, K. (2023). Changes in respiratory, physical, and mental conditions in moderate and severe COVID-19 cases at our convalescent rehabilitation ward. Japanese Journal Of Comprehensive Rehabilitation Science, 14, 10–15. https://doi.org/10.11336/jjcrs.14.10
• Allen, A., Goldwasser, E. & Leary, M., (2012). Self-compassion and well-being among older adults. Self and Identity, 11, 428–453. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2011.595082
• Beck, A. T., Ward, C. H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., & Erbauch, J. (1961). Beck Depression Inventory [dataset]. In PsycTESTS Dataset. American Psychological Association (APA). https://doi.org/10.1037/t00741-000
• Beck, A. T. (1970). Cognitive therapy: Nature and relation to behavior therapy. Behavior Therapy, 1(2), 184–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7894(70)80030-2
• Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss: Vol. 1. Attachment. Basic Books.
• Canlı, D. & Karaşar, B. (2021). Predictors of major depressive disorder: the need for social approval and self-esteem. Alpha Psychiatry, 22(1), 38-42. https://doi.org/10.5455/apd.97683
• Chen, B., Li, M., Zhao, H., Liao, R., Lu, J., Tu, J., Zou, Y., Teng, X., Huang, Y., Liu, J., Huang, P., & Wu, J. (2023). Effect of multicomponent ıntervention on functional decline in chinese older adults: a multicenter randomized clinical trial. The Journal Of Nutrition, Health & Aging, 27(11), 1063–1075. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-023-2031-9
• Chiba, T., Iketani, S., Han, K., & Ono, A. (2009). A comprehensive model of anxiety in gift giving. International Review Of Business Research Papers, 5(4), 322-334.
• Değirmenci, E. ve Demirli, C. (2019). Çekirdek veya Geniş Ailede Yetişen Bireylerde Sosyal Onay İhtiyacı ile Benliğin Farklılaşması Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. Akademik Platform Eğitim ve Değişim Dergisi, 2(1), 79-95. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/apjec/issue/50946/664688
• Deniz, M.E., Kesici, Ş. & Sümer, A.S. (2008) The validity and reliability of the turkish version of the self-compassion scale. Social Behavior And Personality, 36(9), 1151-1160. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2008.36.9.1151
• Dobson, K. S., & Dozois, D. J. (Eds.). (2011). Risk factors in depression. Elsevier.
• Erdoğan, C. N., & Aksoy, Ö. N. (2020). Deprem stresi ile baş etme stratejileri Balıkesir örneği. Sosyal Bilimler Akademi Dergisi, 3(2), 88-103. https://doi.org/10.38004/sobad.704072
• Flynn, C. F. (2020). Facilitating Civility in Distance Education. In Socioeconomics, Diversity, and the Politics of Online Education (pp. 1-16). IGI Global.
• Geçtan, E. (2012). Psikanaliz ve Sonrası. İstanbul: Metis Yayıncılık.
• Hayes, J. (2018). Process models of change. The Theory and Practice of Change Management, 4–19. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-352-00132-7_1
• He, F., Qi, X., Feng, Q., Zhang, Q., Pan, N., Yang, C., & Liu, S. (2023). Research on augmented reality navigation of in vitro fenestration of stent-graft based on deep learning and virtual-real registration. Computer assisted surgery (Abingdon, England), 28(1), 2289339. https://doi.org/10.1080/24699322.2023.2289339
• Hill, A. B. (1965). The environment and disease: Association or causation? Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 58(5), 295–300. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1898525/
• Hisli, N. (1989). Beck depresyon envanterinin üniversite öğrencileri için geçerliği ve güvenirliği. Psikoloji Dergisi, 7(23), 3-13.
• Karasar, N. (2018). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemi. Nobel Yayınları.
• Karaşar, B. (2021). Karşılıklı bağımlılık: depresyon, sosyal onay ihtiyacı ve kendini sevme/özyeterlik açısından bir değerlendirme. Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi, 29(1), 117-126. https://doi.org/10.24106/kefdergi.738845
• Karaşar, B., & Öğülmüş, S. (2016). Need for social approval scale: the validity and reliability. Ege Journal of Education. 17(1), 84-104.
• Krieger, T., Altenstein,D., Baettig,I., Doerig, M.ve Holtfort,N.(2013). Self-compassion in depression: associations with depressive symptoms, rumination, and avoidance in depressed outpatients. Behaivor Therapy, 44(3), 501-513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2013.04.004
• Krieger,T.,Berger, T. ve Holtforth, M.(2016). The relationship of self-compassion and depression: Cross-lagged panel analyses in depressed patients after outpatient therapy. Journal of Affective Disorders, 20(2), 39-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.05.032
• Leahy, R., (2018), Bilişsel Terapi ve Uygulamaları, İstanbul: Litera Yayıncılık,
• Clarke, J., & Morley, C. (2022). Risk assessments and critical social work. In Practice Skills in Social Work and Welfare (pp. 141-154). Routledge.
• Neff, K. (2004). Self compassion and pyschological well-being. Constructivism in The Human Science, 9(2), 27-37.
• Neff, K. D. (2003a). The development and validation of a scale to measure selfcompassion. Self and Identity, 2(3), 223-250.https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860309027
• Neff, K. D. (2003b). self-compassion: An alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward oneself. Self and Identity, 2(2), 85-101.https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860309032
• Neff, K. D. (2021). Öz şefkat: Kendine nazik olmanın kanıtlanmış gücü (1. Baskı) (E. Güldemler, Çev.) Diyojen Yayıncılık
• Neff K, Germer C. The role of self-compassion in psychotherapy. World Psychiatry. 2022;21(1):58-59. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20925
• Öztürk, M.O. (2004). Ruh sağlığı ve bozuklukları, Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, İstanbul. Papouli, E., Chatzifotiou, S., & Tsairidis, C. (2020). The use of digital technology at home during the COVID-19 outbreak:Views of social work students in Greece. Social Work Education, 39(8), 1107–1115. https://doi.org/10.1080/02615479.2020.1807496
• Pauley, G. & McPherson, S., (2010). The experience and meaning of compassion and self-compassion for individuals with depression or anxiety. psychology and psychotherapy. Theory, Research and PracticeVolume, 83(2). https://doi.org/10.1348/147608309X471000 Peleg-Popko, O. (2002). Bowen theory: A study of differentiation of self, social anxiety, andphysiological symptoms. Contemporary Family Therapy, 24(2), 355–369. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015355509866
• Pullmer,R., Chung,J., Samson, L., Balanji, S. ve Zaitsoff, S. (2019). A systematic review of the relation between self-compassion and depressive symptoms in adolescents. Journal of Adolescence,74,210-220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.06.006
• Blatt, S. J., Quinlan, D. M., Pilkonis, P. A., & Shea, M. T. (1995). Impact of perfectionism and need for approval on the brief treatment of depression: the National Institute of Mental Health Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program revisited. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 63(1), 125–132. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-006x.63.1.125
• Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern epidemiology (Vol. 3). Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
• Selçuk, E. B., Demir, A. Ç., Erbay, L. G., Özcan, Ö. Ö., Gürer, H., & Dönmez, Y. E. (2021). Anxiety, depression and post‐traumatic stress disorder symptoms in adolescents during the COVID‐19 outbreak and associated factors. International Journal of Clinical Practice, 75(11). Portico. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcp.14880
• Sumer, N., Karanci, A. N., Berument, S. K., & Gunes, H. (2005). Personal resources, coping self‐efficacy, and quake exposure as predictors of psychological distress following the 1999 earthquake in Turkey. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 18(4), 331–342. Portico. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.20032
• Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In W. G. Austin & S. Worchel (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 33-47). Brooks/Cole.
• Türkçapar, H. M. (2018). Bilişsel Davranışçı Terapi. 11. Baskı. İstanbul: Epsilon Yayınevi.
• Wójtowicz-Szefler, M., Grzankowska, I., & Deja, M. (2023). The mental condition of Polish adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic and war in Ukraine. Frontiers in public health, 11, 125-138. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1257384 Yang, Y., Zhang,M. ve Kou, Y. (2016). Self-compassion and life satisfaction: the mediating role of hope. Personality and Individual Differences, 98, 91-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.03.086
• Yılmaz, S. & Arık, R.S. (2019). Eğitimde araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
• Zhang, Y., Fang, X., Huang, W., Li, Q., Hu, F., & Liu, H. (2023). Record resolution of nanometal surface energy transfer optical nanoruler projects 3d spatial configuration of aptamers on a living Cell Membrane. Nano letters, 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04322. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04322.
• Zhang, D., Li, X., & Xue, J. (2015). Education Inequality between Rural and Urban Areas of the People’s Republic of China, Migrants’ Children Education, and Some Implications. Asian Development Review, 32(1), 196–224. https://doi.org/10.1162/adev_a_00042