Research Article
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Karar Verme Davranışı Üzerine Fenomenolojik Bir Değerlendirme

Year 2021, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 115 - 132, 31.12.2021

Abstract

Rasyonel bir süreç olarak her karar verme modeli, alternatifler arasında seçim yapmak için çok adımlı rasyonel bir süreci tanımlar. Öncelikle, hedefler formüle edilir, karar verme kriterleri belirlenir, alternatifleri oluşturulur, analiz gerçekleştirilir, muhtemel ve alternatif hal tarzları oluşturulur ve böylece karar vericiye onama veya reddetmekten başka bir seçenek sunmayan mükemmel bir karar verme süreci işletilmiş olur. Her karar verme modeli, elbette rasyonel bir süreç olarak, birey ve teşekküllerin faydalarını en üst düzeye çıkaran ve herhangi bir maliyeti en aza indiren seçimler yapacağı varsayımı üzerine bina edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte birey ve ortak bir akıl süreci işletmesi bakımından teşekküllerin çoğu kez rasyonel karar verme davranışını mümkün kılmayan, duygusal arka planlarının ve apriori bilgilerin etkisinde kalarak, karar verme süreci içerisinde rasyonel hareket edemedikleri yönünde görüşler de mevcuttur. Ne var ki bireyler ve teşekküller her zaman faydalarını maksimize edecek kararları vermezler, çünkü rasyonel bir seçimi mümkün kılacak tam ve mükemmel bilgiye sahip olunabilmesi çoğu kez mümkün değildir. Karar verme sürecine etki eden verilerin toplanabileceği ve analiz edilebileceği ölçülebilir kriterler her zaman yeterli bir biçimde mevcut değildir. Her zaman, her alternatifi diğerlerine karşı değerlendirmek için kafi bir bilişsel yeteneğe, zamana ve kaynaklara sahip olunmasını beklemek gerçekçi değildir. Nitekim, karar verme süreci, etik kaygılar veya fedakarlığın değeri gibi ölçülemeyen faktörleri dikkate almaz. Bu bakış açısından hareketle bu çalışmada fenomenolojik hermenötik bilimsel yöntem ışığında ve teorik bir çerçevede, karar verme süreci ve duygusal arka planların karar verme davranışı üzerine etkisi izah edilmeye çalışılmıştır.

References

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  • Dvoskin, J.A. (2002). Knowledge is Not Power-Knowledge is Obligation. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law 33, 533-540.
  • Eimontaite, I., Nicolle, A., Schindler, I., and Goel, V. (2013). The effect of partner-directed emotion in social exchange decision-making. Frontiers in Psychology 4(469). doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00469
  • Frith, C. D., and Singer, T. (2008). The role of social cognition in decision making. PubMed Central, 363(1511), 3875–3886. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2008.0156
  • Garcés, M., and Finkel, L. (2019). Emotional Theory of Rationality. Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience 13(11). doi: 10.3389/fnint.2019.00011.
  • Gigerenzer, G., and Gaissmaier, W. (2011). Heuristic Decision Making. Annual Review of Psychology 62, 451-482. doi: 10.1146/annurev-psych-120709-145346.
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  • Reniers, R. L. E. P., Corcoran, R., Völlm, B. A., Mashru, A., Howard, R., and Liddle, P. F. (2012). Moral decision-making, ToM, empathy and the default mode network. Biological Psychology, 90(3), 202–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2012.03.009
  • Saaty, T.L. (2008). Decision making with the analytic hierarchy process. International Journal of Services Sciences 1(1), 83-9.
  • Şengöz, M. (2020). Askeri Sevk ve İdarenin Bilim ve Sanatla Olan İlişkisi Üzerine Kavramsal Bir Çalişma. İmgelem, 4 (6), 205-224 .
  • Willemert, Cathy (2004). Science, Phlosophy. Ensiklopedia Antropology.

A Phenomenological Evaluation On Decision-Making Behavior

Year 2021, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 115 - 132, 31.12.2021

Abstract

Rational decision making describes a multi-step process for deciding between serious of alternatives. First, objectives are formulated, decision criteria are determined, alternatives are created, analysis is performed, probable and alternative states of affairs are established, and thus a perfect decision-making process is operated that offers the decision maker no choice but to approve or reject. The rational decision-making model is built on the assumption that individuals and entities will make choices that maximize their benefits and minimize any costs. However, there are also opinions that organizations cannot act rationally in the decision-making process due to their emotional engagements and a priori information, which often do not make rational decision-making behaviour possible in terms of the individual and the operation of a collective mind process. However, individuals and entities do not always make decisions that maximize their utility, because it is often not possible to have complete and perfect information to enable a rational choice. Indeed, the rational decision-making model does not consider unmeasurable factors such as moral concerns, prejudices, emotional engagements or beliefs. It ensures that personal feelings, loyalties or a sense of obligation are not taken into account. In this respect, the rational decision-making model has unrealistic assumptions to simplify possible choices and estimations, because decision makers often have limited rationality, that is, a limited time frame and information set, to make rational decisions. For this reason, rational decision-making may enable the operation of a satisfactory, not optimal, decision-making process in practice. From this point of view, in this study, a critique on the rational decision-making model and emotional engagements on decision-making behaviour has been tried to be explained in the light of the phenomenological hermeneutic scientific method.

References

  • Anonymous (2012). “6.3 Emotions and Interpersonal Communication.” A Primer on Communication Studies, 1.0, pp. 355–365.
  • Bruch, E., and Feinberg, F. (2017). Decision-Making Processes in Social Contexts. Annual Review of Sociology, 43(1), 207–227. doi: 10.1146/annurev-soc-060116-053622
  • Dricu, M., and Frühholz, S. (2019). A neurocognitive model of perceptual decision-making on emotional signals. Human Brain Mapping 41(6). https://doi-org.ezproxy.hofstra.edu/10.1002/hbm.24893
  • Dvoskin, J.A. (2002). Knowledge is Not Power-Knowledge is Obligation. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law 33, 533-540.
  • Eimontaite, I., Nicolle, A., Schindler, I., and Goel, V. (2013). The effect of partner-directed emotion in social exchange decision-making. Frontiers in Psychology 4(469). doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00469
  • Frith, C. D., and Singer, T. (2008). The role of social cognition in decision making. PubMed Central, 363(1511), 3875–3886. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2008.0156
  • Garcés, M., and Finkel, L. (2019). Emotional Theory of Rationality. Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience 13(11). doi: 10.3389/fnint.2019.00011.
  • Gigerenzer, G., and Gaissmaier, W. (2011). Heuristic Decision Making. Annual Review of Psychology 62, 451-482. doi: 10.1146/annurev-psych-120709-145346.
  • Organ, D. W., Podsakoff, P. M., and MacKenzie, S. B. (2006). Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications, Inc., 81-82
  • Pfister, H.-R., and Böhm, G. (2008). The multiplicity of emotions: A framework of emotional functions in decision making. Judgment and Decision Making, 3(1), 5–17. Retrieved from http://journal.sjdm.org/bb1.pdf
  • Reniers, R. L. E. P., Corcoran, R., Völlm, B. A., Mashru, A., Howard, R., and Liddle, P. F. (2012). Moral decision-making, ToM, empathy and the default mode network. Biological Psychology, 90(3), 202–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2012.03.009
  • Saaty, T.L. (2008). Decision making with the analytic hierarchy process. International Journal of Services Sciences 1(1), 83-9.
  • Şengöz, M. (2020). Askeri Sevk ve İdarenin Bilim ve Sanatla Olan İlişkisi Üzerine Kavramsal Bir Çalişma. İmgelem, 4 (6), 205-224 .
  • Willemert, Cathy (2004). Science, Phlosophy. Ensiklopedia Antropology.
There are 14 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Murat Şengöz 0000-0001-6597-0161

Publication Date December 31, 2021
Submission Date October 6, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 9 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Şengöz, M. (2021). Karar Verme Davranışı Üzerine Fenomenolojik Bir Değerlendirme. Takvim-I Vekayi, 9(2), 115-132.

Takvim-i Vekayi (تقويم وقايع)