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Effects of Drought and Salinity Stress on Early Seedling Growth and Antioxidant Activity in Hulled Einkorn (Triticum monococcum ssp. monococcum) and Bread (Triticum aestivum L.) Wheats

Year 2016, Volume: 25 Issue: 1, 107 - 116, 01.07.2016

Fatma Pehlivan Karakaş

https://doi.org/10.21566/tbmaed.08296

Abstract

This study was conducted to determine the effects of drought and salinity stress on early seedling growth and antioxidant activity [total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenger activity] of 2 hulled einkorn (Triticum monococcum spp. monococcum; AA; 2n=14)  populations (Pop-1 and Pop-2) and 4 bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.; AABBDD; 2n=42) cultivars (cv. Gerek-79, İkizce, Demir-2000 ve Gün-91) grown in Turkey. Two different salt concentrations [0.0 (distilled water) and 50 mm NaCl) and 3 different osmotic pressures (0 MPa., -0.5 MPa. and -1.0MPa), which were created by polyethylene glycol (PEG-600) were used. After ten days, early seedling growth parameters such as shoot lenght, root lenght, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight, and root dry weight were measured. Although some seeds germinated under -1.0 MPa. osmotic pressure, none of them reached early seedling growth. Statistically significant differences for early seedling growth parameters and antioxidant activities of wheats were recorded (p<0.05). The maximum shoot length (15.01 ± 2.53 cm), root length (9.67 ± 1.75 cm), shoot fresh weight (100.58 ± 22.47 mg), and shoot dry weight (10.47 ± 2.46 mg) were in the control grup of Demir-2000. The highest root fresh weight (95.30 ± 15.94 mg) and root dry weight (9.66 ± 1.6 mg) were in the control group of Gün-91. The highest total phenolic content (31.23 ± 1.81 mg GAE/gr) and total flavonoid (84.00 ± 6.01mg QE/gr) contents were in Gerek-79 and Demir-2000 under salt stress, respectively. When free radical scavenging antioxidant activities were compared, Demir-2000 had the lowest IC50 values (13.98 ± 0.25 mg/L)) under salt stress among all entries. The highest antioxidant activity of Demir-2000 under salt stress demonstrated that antioxidant defense of that was more effective than other available wheat cultivars

Keywords

Wheat; drought stress; salt stress; Gerek-79; İkizce; Demir-2000; Gün-91

References

  • Abdel-Aal E.S.M. and Rabalski I., 2008. Bioactive compounds and their antioxidant capacity in selected primitive and modern wheat species. Open Agriculture Journal. 2:7-14
  • Abdoli M. and Saeidi, M., 2012. Effects of water deficiency stress during seed growth on yield and its components, germination and seedling growth parameters of some wheat cultivars. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences. 4(15):1110-1118
  • Akgül H., 2003. Tuzluluk. Eğiridir Bahçe Kültürleri
  • Araştırma Enstitüsü, Ziraat Mühendisliği Dergisi. Sayı 340, Ankara.
  • Andersson A.A.M., Andersson R., Piironen V., Lampi A.M., Nystrom L., Boros D., Fras A., Gebruers K., Courtin C.M., Delcour J.A., Rakszegi M., Bedo Z., Ward J.L., Shewry P.R. and Aman P., 2013. Contents of dietary fibre components and their relation to associated bioactive components in whole grain wheat samples from the healthgrain diversity screen. Food Chemistry. 136:1243-1248
  • Babbar N., Oberoi H.S., Uppal D.S. and Patil R.T., 2011. Total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of extracts obtained from six important fruit residues. Food Research International. 44:391-396
  • Balkan A., ve Gençtan T., 2013. Ekmeklik buğdayda (Triticum aestivum L.) osmotik stresin çimlenme ve erken fide gelişimi üzerine etkisi. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi. 10:44-52
  • Begum F., Karmoker JL., Fattah QA. and Maniruzzaman AFM., 1992. The effect of salinity and its correlation with K+, Na+, Cl- accumulation in germinating seeds of Triticum aestivum L. cv. Akbar. Plant Cell Phsysiology 33:1009-1114
  • Benlioğlu B., ve Özkan U., 2015. Bazı arpa çeşitlerinin (Hordeum vulgare L.) çimlenme dönemlerinde farklı dozlardak tuz stresine tepkilerinin belirlenmesi. Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 24(2):109-114
  • Brand-Williams W., Cuvelier M.E. and Berset C.L.W.T., 1995. Use of a free-radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. LWT-Food Science and Technology 28(1):25-30
  • Chang C.C., Yang M.H., Wen H.M. and Chern J.C., 2002. Estimation of total flavonoid content in propolis by two complementary colorimetric methods. J. Food Drug Analysis. 10:178-182
  • Chaudhary, M.T., Merrett, M.J. and Wainwright, S.J.,1997. Growth, ion content and proline accumulation in NaCl-selected and non-selected cell lines of lucerne cultured on sodium and potassium salts. Plant Science. 127:71-79
  • Datta J. K., Banerjee A. and Mondal N. K., 2009. Impact of salt stress on five varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars under laboratory condition Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 13(3):93-97
  • Dewanto V., Wu X.Z., Adom K.K. and Liu R.H., 2002. Thermal processing enhances the nutritional value of tomatoes by increasing total antioxidant activity. Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry. 50:3010-3014
  • Dumlupınar Z., Kara R., Dokuyucu T. ve Akkaya A., 2007. Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesinde yetiştirilen bazı makarnalık buğday genotiplerinin çimlenme ve fide karakterlerine elektrik akımı ve tuz konsantrasyonlarının etkileri. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. 10(2):100-110
  • Eker S., Cömertpay G., Konuşkan Ö., Ülger A.C., Öztürk L. and Çakmak İ., 2006. Effect of salinity stress on dry matter production and ion accumulation in hybrid maize varieties. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry. (30):365-373
  • Falk K.L., Tokuhisa J.G. and Gershenzon J., 2007. The effect of sulfur nutrition on plant glucosinolate content: physiology and molecular mechanisms. Plant Biolology. 9:573-581
  • Geerts S., Raes D., Garcia M., Vacher J., Mamani R., Mendoza J., Huanca R., Morales B., Miranda R., Cusicanqui J. and Taboada C., 2008. Introducing deficit irrigation to stabilize yields of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). European Journal of Agronomy. 28:427-436
  • Giambanelli E., Ferioli F., Kocaoglu B., Jorjadze M., Alexieva I., Darbinyan N. and DAntuono L.F., 2013. A comparative study of bioactive compounds in primitive wheat populations from Italy, Turkey, Georgia, Bulgaria and Armenia. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 93:3490-3501
  • Heun M., Schafer-Pregl R., Klawan D., Castagna R., Accerbi, M., Borghi B. and Salamini F., 1997. Site of einkorn wheat domestication identified by DNA fingerprinting. Science. 278:1312-1314
  • Hidalgo A., Brandolini,A., Pompei,C. and Piscozzi,R., 2006. Carotenoids and tocols of einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum ssp. monococcum L.). Journal of Cereal Science. 44:182-193
  • Huang T., Xu M., Lee A., Cho S. and Qi L., 2015. Consumption of whole grains and cereal fiber and total and cause-specific mortality: prospective analysis of 367,442 individuals. BMC Medicine, 13:59
  • Kalefetoğlu T. and Ekmekçi Y., 2005. The effect of drought on plants and tolerance mechanisms. Gazi University Journal of Science. 18 (4):723- 740
  • Karagoz A., and Zencirci N., 2005. Variation in wheat (Triticum spp.) landraces from different altitudes of three regions of Turkey. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution. 52:775-785
  • Karakas F.P. and Turker A.U., 2013. An efficient in vitro regeneration system for Bellis perennis L. and comparison of phenolic contents of field-grown and in vitro-grown leaves by LC-MS/MS. Industrial Crops. and Products. 48:162-170
  • Karakullukçu E. ve Adak M.S., 2008. Bazı nohut (Cicer arietinum L.) çeşitlerinin tuza toleranslarının belirlenmesi. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 14(4):313-319
  • Keles Y. and Oncel I., 2002. Response of antioxidative defence system to temperature and water stress combinations in wheat seedlings. Plant Sci. Lett. 163:783-790
  • Khakwani A.A., Dennett M.D. and Munir M., 2011. Drought tolerance screening of wheat varieties by inducing water stress conditions Songklanakarin. Journal of Science and Technology. 33(2):135-142
  • Kleinwachter M. and Selmar D., 2015. New insights explain that drought stress enhances the quality of spice and medicinal plants: potential applications. Agronomy for Sustainable Development. 35:121-131
  • McMaster G.S. and Wilhelm W.W., 2003. Phenological responses of wheat and barley to water and temperature: improving simulation models. Journal of Agricultural Science. 141:129-147
  • Mahajan S.and Tuteja N., 2005. Cold, salinity and drought stresses: An overview. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 444:139-158
  • Majid S.A., Asghar R.and Murtaza, G., 2007. Potassium-calcium interrelationship linked to drought tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Pakistan Journal of Botany. 39:1609-1621
  • Narouni Rad M.R., Abdul Kadir M., Rafii M.Y., Jaafar H.Z. and Naghavi M.R., 2012. Bulked segregant analysis for relative water content to detect quantitative trait loci in wheat under drought stress. Genetic and Molecular Research: GMR 11(4):3882-3888
  • Öztürk A., 1990. Kuraklığın kışlık buğdayın gelişmesi ve verimine etkisi. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry. 23(1999):531-540
  • Pirgozliev V., Rose S.P., Pellny T., Amerah A.M., Wickramasinghe M., Ulker M., Rakszegi M., Bedo Z., Shewry P.R. and Lovegrove A., 2015. Energy utilization and growth performance of chickens fed novel wheat inbred lines selected for different pentosan levels with and without xylanase supplementation. Poultry Science. 94:232-239
  • Radi A.A., Farghaly F.A. and Hamada A.F., 2013. Physiological and biochemical responses of salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive wheat and bean cultivars to salinity. Journal of Biology and Earth Sciences. 3(1 ):72-88
  • Salamini F., Ozkan H., Brandolini A., Schafer-Pregl R. and Martin W., 2002. Genetics and geography of wild cereal domestication in the near east. Nature Reviews Genetics. 3:429-441
  • Serpen A,. Gokmen V., Karagoz A. and Koksel H., 2008. Phytochemical quantification and total antioxidant capacities of emmer (Triticum dicoccon Schrank) and einkorn (Triticum monococcum L.) wheat landraces. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry. 56:7285-7292
  • Tepe B., Sarikurkcu C., Berk S., Alim A. and Akpulat H.A., 2011. Chemical composition, radical scavenging and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of Thymus boveii and Thymus hyemalis. Records of Natural Products. 5:208-220
  • Turkan I. and Demiral T., 2009. Recent developments in understanding salinity tolerance. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 67:2-9
  • Vida G., Szunics L., Veisz O., Bedo Z., Lang L., Arendas T., Bonis P. and Rakszegi M., 2014. Effect of genotypic, meteorological and agronomic factors on the gluten index of winter durum wheat. Euphytica. 197:61-71
  • Visioli F., Borsani L., Galli C., 2000. Diet and prevention of coronary heart disease: the potential role of phytochemicals. Cardiovascular Research. 47:419-425
  • Yıldız M. ve Terzi H., 2007. Bitkilerin yüksek sıcaklık stresine toleransının hücre canlılığı ve fotosentetik pigmentasyon testleri ile belirlenmesi. Erciyes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi. 23 (1-2):47-60
  • Yılmaz E., Levent T. A. ve Bürün B., 2011. Bitkilerin tuz stresi etkilerine karşı geliştirdikleri tolerans stratejileri. C.B.U. Journal of Science. 7:47-66
  • Zencirci N., 1998. Genetic relationships of Turkish bread wheat cultivars. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry. 99:333-340

Kavuzlu Siyez (Triticum monococcum ssp. monococcum) ve Ekmeklik (Triticum aestivum L.) Buğdaylarda Kurak ve Tuz Stresinin Erken Fide Gelişimi ve Antioksidan Aktivite Üzerine Etkisi

Year 2016, Volume: 25 Issue: 1, 107 - 116, 01.07.2016

Fatma Pehlivan Karakaş

https://doi.org/10.21566/tbmaed.08296

Abstract

Bu çalışma, ülkemizde yetiştirilen 2 kavuzlu siyez (Triticum monococcum spp. monococcum; AA; 2n=14) buğday populasyonu (Populasyon-1 ve Populasyon-2) ve 4 tescilli ekmeklik (Triticum aestivum L.; AABBDD; 2n=42) buğday çeşidinde (Gerek-79, İkizce, Demir-2000 ve Gün-91) kurak ve tuz stresinin erken fide gelişimi ve antioksidan aktivite [toplam fenolik içeriği, toplam flavonoit içeriği ve 2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) serbest radikal giderici etki] üzerine olan etkilerini belirleyebilmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmada 2 farklı tuz konsantrasyonu [0.0 (saf su) ve 50 mM NaCl) ve polietilen glikolle (PEG-600) oluşturulan 3 farklı osmotik basınç (0 MPa., -0.5 MPa. ve -1.0 MPa.) kullanılmıştır. Deneme başlangıcından 10 gün sonra çim uzunluğu, kök uzunluğu, çim yaş ağırlığı, çim kuru ağırlığı, kök yaş ağırlığı ve kök kuru ağırlığı ölçülmüştür. -1.0 MPa.’lık osmotik basınç altında bazı çeşitler çimlenmelerine karşın fide geliştirememişlerdir. Buğday çeşitleri arasında erken fide gelişim parametreleri ve antioksidan aktiviteleri bakımından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Çim uzunluğu (15.01 ± 2.53 cm), kök uzunluğu (9.67 ± 1.75 cm), çim yaş (100.58 ± 22.47 mg) ve çim kuru (10.47 ± 2.46 mg) ağırlığı en fazla Demir-2000 buğday çeşidinin kontrol grubunda, en yüksek kök yaş (95.30 ± 15.94 mg) ve kök kuru (9.66 ± 1.6 mg) ağırlık Gün-91’in kontrol grubunda, en yüksek toplam fenolik madde içeriği Gerek-79’un (31.23 ± 1.81 mg GAE/gr), en yüksek flavonoit madde içeriği ise Demir-2000’in (84.00 ± 6.01mg KE/gr) tuz stresi altındaki gruplarında belirlenmiştir. En iyi antioksidan aktivite, en düşük IC50 (13.98 ± 0.25 mg/L) değeriyle tuz stresi altındaki Demir-2000’de görülmüştür. Demir-2000’in tuz stresi altında çimlendirilmesiyle antioksidan aktivitesinin anlamlı bir şekilde artması, bu çeşidin tuz stresi altında antioksidan savunma mekanizmasını diğer buğday çeşitlerinden daha etkin kullandığı şeklinde değerlendirilmiştir.

 

Keywords

Buğday; kuraklık stresi; tuz stresi; Gerek-79; İkizce; Demir-2000; Gün-91

References

  • Abdel-Aal E.S.M. and Rabalski I., 2008. Bioactive compounds and their antioxidant capacity in selected primitive and modern wheat species. Open Agriculture Journal. 2:7-14
  • Abdoli M. and Saeidi, M., 2012. Effects of water deficiency stress during seed growth on yield and its components, germination and seedling growth parameters of some wheat cultivars. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences. 4(15):1110-1118
  • Akgül H., 2003. Tuzluluk. Eğiridir Bahçe Kültürleri
  • Araştırma Enstitüsü, Ziraat Mühendisliği Dergisi. Sayı 340, Ankara.
  • Andersson A.A.M., Andersson R., Piironen V., Lampi A.M., Nystrom L., Boros D., Fras A., Gebruers K., Courtin C.M., Delcour J.A., Rakszegi M., Bedo Z., Ward J.L., Shewry P.R. and Aman P., 2013. Contents of dietary fibre components and their relation to associated bioactive components in whole grain wheat samples from the healthgrain diversity screen. Food Chemistry. 136:1243-1248
  • Babbar N., Oberoi H.S., Uppal D.S. and Patil R.T., 2011. Total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of extracts obtained from six important fruit residues. Food Research International. 44:391-396
  • Balkan A., ve Gençtan T., 2013. Ekmeklik buğdayda (Triticum aestivum L.) osmotik stresin çimlenme ve erken fide gelişimi üzerine etkisi. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi. 10:44-52
  • Begum F., Karmoker JL., Fattah QA. and Maniruzzaman AFM., 1992. The effect of salinity and its correlation with K+, Na+, Cl- accumulation in germinating seeds of Triticum aestivum L. cv. Akbar. Plant Cell Phsysiology 33:1009-1114
  • Benlioğlu B., ve Özkan U., 2015. Bazı arpa çeşitlerinin (Hordeum vulgare L.) çimlenme dönemlerinde farklı dozlardak tuz stresine tepkilerinin belirlenmesi. Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 24(2):109-114
  • Brand-Williams W., Cuvelier M.E. and Berset C.L.W.T., 1995. Use of a free-radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. LWT-Food Science and Technology 28(1):25-30
  • Chang C.C., Yang M.H., Wen H.M. and Chern J.C., 2002. Estimation of total flavonoid content in propolis by two complementary colorimetric methods. J. Food Drug Analysis. 10:178-182
  • Chaudhary, M.T., Merrett, M.J. and Wainwright, S.J.,1997. Growth, ion content and proline accumulation in NaCl-selected and non-selected cell lines of lucerne cultured on sodium and potassium salts. Plant Science. 127:71-79
  • Datta J. K., Banerjee A. and Mondal N. K., 2009. Impact of salt stress on five varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars under laboratory condition Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 13(3):93-97
  • Dewanto V., Wu X.Z., Adom K.K. and Liu R.H., 2002. Thermal processing enhances the nutritional value of tomatoes by increasing total antioxidant activity. Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry. 50:3010-3014
  • Dumlupınar Z., Kara R., Dokuyucu T. ve Akkaya A., 2007. Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesinde yetiştirilen bazı makarnalık buğday genotiplerinin çimlenme ve fide karakterlerine elektrik akımı ve tuz konsantrasyonlarının etkileri. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. 10(2):100-110
  • Eker S., Cömertpay G., Konuşkan Ö., Ülger A.C., Öztürk L. and Çakmak İ., 2006. Effect of salinity stress on dry matter production and ion accumulation in hybrid maize varieties. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry. (30):365-373
  • Falk K.L., Tokuhisa J.G. and Gershenzon J., 2007. The effect of sulfur nutrition on plant glucosinolate content: physiology and molecular mechanisms. Plant Biolology. 9:573-581
  • Geerts S., Raes D., Garcia M., Vacher J., Mamani R., Mendoza J., Huanca R., Morales B., Miranda R., Cusicanqui J. and Taboada C., 2008. Introducing deficit irrigation to stabilize yields of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). European Journal of Agronomy. 28:427-436
  • Giambanelli E., Ferioli F., Kocaoglu B., Jorjadze M., Alexieva I., Darbinyan N. and DAntuono L.F., 2013. A comparative study of bioactive compounds in primitive wheat populations from Italy, Turkey, Georgia, Bulgaria and Armenia. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 93:3490-3501
  • Heun M., Schafer-Pregl R., Klawan D., Castagna R., Accerbi, M., Borghi B. and Salamini F., 1997. Site of einkorn wheat domestication identified by DNA fingerprinting. Science. 278:1312-1314
  • Hidalgo A., Brandolini,A., Pompei,C. and Piscozzi,R., 2006. Carotenoids and tocols of einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum ssp. monococcum L.). Journal of Cereal Science. 44:182-193
  • Huang T., Xu M., Lee A., Cho S. and Qi L., 2015. Consumption of whole grains and cereal fiber and total and cause-specific mortality: prospective analysis of 367,442 individuals. BMC Medicine, 13:59
  • Kalefetoğlu T. and Ekmekçi Y., 2005. The effect of drought on plants and tolerance mechanisms. Gazi University Journal of Science. 18 (4):723- 740
  • Karagoz A., and Zencirci N., 2005. Variation in wheat (Triticum spp.) landraces from different altitudes of three regions of Turkey. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution. 52:775-785
  • Karakas F.P. and Turker A.U., 2013. An efficient in vitro regeneration system for Bellis perennis L. and comparison of phenolic contents of field-grown and in vitro-grown leaves by LC-MS/MS. Industrial Crops. and Products. 48:162-170
  • Karakullukçu E. ve Adak M.S., 2008. Bazı nohut (Cicer arietinum L.) çeşitlerinin tuza toleranslarının belirlenmesi. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 14(4):313-319
  • Keles Y. and Oncel I., 2002. Response of antioxidative defence system to temperature and water stress combinations in wheat seedlings. Plant Sci. Lett. 163:783-790
  • Khakwani A.A., Dennett M.D. and Munir M., 2011. Drought tolerance screening of wheat varieties by inducing water stress conditions Songklanakarin. Journal of Science and Technology. 33(2):135-142
  • Kleinwachter M. and Selmar D., 2015. New insights explain that drought stress enhances the quality of spice and medicinal plants: potential applications. Agronomy for Sustainable Development. 35:121-131
  • McMaster G.S. and Wilhelm W.W., 2003. Phenological responses of wheat and barley to water and temperature: improving simulation models. Journal of Agricultural Science. 141:129-147
  • Mahajan S.and Tuteja N., 2005. Cold, salinity and drought stresses: An overview. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 444:139-158
  • Majid S.A., Asghar R.and Murtaza, G., 2007. Potassium-calcium interrelationship linked to drought tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Pakistan Journal of Botany. 39:1609-1621
  • Narouni Rad M.R., Abdul Kadir M., Rafii M.Y., Jaafar H.Z. and Naghavi M.R., 2012. Bulked segregant analysis for relative water content to detect quantitative trait loci in wheat under drought stress. Genetic and Molecular Research: GMR 11(4):3882-3888
  • Öztürk A., 1990. Kuraklığın kışlık buğdayın gelişmesi ve verimine etkisi. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry. 23(1999):531-540
  • Pirgozliev V., Rose S.P., Pellny T., Amerah A.M., Wickramasinghe M., Ulker M., Rakszegi M., Bedo Z., Shewry P.R. and Lovegrove A., 2015. Energy utilization and growth performance of chickens fed novel wheat inbred lines selected for different pentosan levels with and without xylanase supplementation. Poultry Science. 94:232-239
  • Radi A.A., Farghaly F.A. and Hamada A.F., 2013. Physiological and biochemical responses of salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive wheat and bean cultivars to salinity. Journal of Biology and Earth Sciences. 3(1 ):72-88
  • Salamini F., Ozkan H., Brandolini A., Schafer-Pregl R. and Martin W., 2002. Genetics and geography of wild cereal domestication in the near east. Nature Reviews Genetics. 3:429-441
  • Serpen A,. Gokmen V., Karagoz A. and Koksel H., 2008. Phytochemical quantification and total antioxidant capacities of emmer (Triticum dicoccon Schrank) and einkorn (Triticum monococcum L.) wheat landraces. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry. 56:7285-7292
  • Tepe B., Sarikurkcu C., Berk S., Alim A. and Akpulat H.A., 2011. Chemical composition, radical scavenging and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of Thymus boveii and Thymus hyemalis. Records of Natural Products. 5:208-220
  • Turkan I. and Demiral T., 2009. Recent developments in understanding salinity tolerance. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 67:2-9
  • Vida G., Szunics L., Veisz O., Bedo Z., Lang L., Arendas T., Bonis P. and Rakszegi M., 2014. Effect of genotypic, meteorological and agronomic factors on the gluten index of winter durum wheat. Euphytica. 197:61-71
  • Visioli F., Borsani L., Galli C., 2000. Diet and prevention of coronary heart disease: the potential role of phytochemicals. Cardiovascular Research. 47:419-425
  • Yıldız M. ve Terzi H., 2007. Bitkilerin yüksek sıcaklık stresine toleransının hücre canlılığı ve fotosentetik pigmentasyon testleri ile belirlenmesi. Erciyes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi. 23 (1-2):47-60
  • Yılmaz E., Levent T. A. ve Bürün B., 2011. Bitkilerin tuz stresi etkilerine karşı geliştirdikleri tolerans stratejileri. C.B.U. Journal of Science. 7:47-66
  • Zencirci N., 1998. Genetic relationships of Turkish bread wheat cultivars. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry. 99:333-340
There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Fatma Pehlivan Karakaş

Publication Date July 1, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 25 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Pehlivan Karakaş, F. (2016). Effects of Drought and Salinity Stress on Early Seedling Growth and Antioxidant Activity in Hulled Einkorn (Triticum monococcum ssp. monococcum) and Bread (Triticum aestivum L.) Wheats. Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 25(1), 107-116. https://doi.org/10.21566/tbmaed.08296
AMA Pehlivan Karakaş F. Effects of Drought and Salinity Stress on Early Seedling Growth and Antioxidant Activity in Hulled Einkorn (Triticum monococcum ssp. monococcum) and Bread (Triticum aestivum L.) Wheats. Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi. August 2016;25(1):107-116. doi:10.21566/tbmaed.08296
Chicago Pehlivan Karakaş, Fatma. “Effects of Drought and Salinity Stress on Early Seedling Growth and Antioxidant Activity in Hulled Einkorn (Triticum Monococcum Ssp. Monococcum) and Bread (Triticum Aestivum L.) Wheats”. Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi 25, no. 1 (August 2016): 107-16. https://doi.org/10.21566/tbmaed.08296.
EndNote Pehlivan Karakaş F (August 1, 2016) Effects of Drought and Salinity Stress on Early Seedling Growth and Antioxidant Activity in Hulled Einkorn (Triticum monococcum ssp. monococcum) and Bread (Triticum aestivum L.) Wheats. Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi 25 1 107–116.
IEEE F. Pehlivan Karakaş, “Effects of Drought and Salinity Stress on Early Seedling Growth and Antioxidant Activity in Hulled Einkorn (Triticum monococcum ssp. monococcum) and Bread (Triticum aestivum L.) Wheats”, Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 107–116, 2016, doi: 10.21566/tbmaed.08296.
ISNAD Pehlivan Karakaş, Fatma. “Effects of Drought and Salinity Stress on Early Seedling Growth and Antioxidant Activity in Hulled Einkorn (Triticum Monococcum Ssp. Monococcum) and Bread (Triticum Aestivum L.) Wheats”. Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi 25/1 (August 2016), 107-116. https://doi.org/10.21566/tbmaed.08296.
JAMA Pehlivan Karakaş F. Effects of Drought and Salinity Stress on Early Seedling Growth and Antioxidant Activity in Hulled Einkorn (Triticum monococcum ssp. monococcum) and Bread (Triticum aestivum L.) Wheats. Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2016;25:107–116.
MLA Pehlivan Karakaş, Fatma. “Effects of Drought and Salinity Stress on Early Seedling Growth and Antioxidant Activity in Hulled Einkorn (Triticum Monococcum Ssp. Monococcum) and Bread (Triticum Aestivum L.) Wheats”. Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, vol. 25, no. 1, 2016, pp. 107-16, doi:10.21566/tbmaed.08296.
Vancouver Pehlivan Karakaş F. Effects of Drought and Salinity Stress on Early Seedling Growth and Antioxidant Activity in Hulled Einkorn (Triticum monococcum ssp. monococcum) and Bread (Triticum aestivum L.) Wheats. Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2016;25(1):107-16.
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