The View and the Attitude of Allies High Commissioners Toward Istanbul During the Declaration of National Pact

Year 2017, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 281 - 304, 14.07.2017

Resul Yavuz

Abstract

The Ottoman State entered into a new process with the
Mondros Armistice Treaty in which it was declared defeat from the World War I
and the uncoocupied part of the country were subjected to occupation movements
of the Allied Powers. During this period, while Ottoman Government was trying
to react against occupations by diplomatic channels, it had diplomatic
negotiations with the Allied Powers, especially Britain at Paris Peace
Conference where the future of the State was to be determined. But despite the
attitude of the government, with the passing of Mustafa Kemal to Anatolia, the
organization of resistance in Anatolia against the occupations had put a
struggle for Allies that they had never thought of in the Near East. This was
also the beginning of a new era in which that would change the post-war Allied
plans completely for Anatolia and Middle East.

Although the high commissioners in Istanbul warned their
governments about the resistance, the Allied Powers ignored the “Kemalist Resistance” in the first place
and this caused waste of time necessary for Turks to enforce the peace
conditions without using force.

Especially against the adoption of the National Pact in the Ottoman
Parliament in January 1920, the reactions of the Allied High Commissioners and
the Allied governments in the aftermath of these efforts soon brought new
developments in Anatolia and the Near East for both sides.As a matter of fact,
the occupation of Istanbul which was held to give lesson to Kemalists at the
time of London negotiations became an instrument for the speed up of the
developments that would lead to the emergence of a new national state in
Istanbul and caused the resistance itself to find an independent place

Keywords

National Pact, Istanbul, High Commissioner, Parliament, London Conference

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