Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Hayvanların Sağlığını, Refahını ve Üretimini Değerlendirmek İçin Temassız ve Tahribatsız Bir Araç Olarak Kızılötesi Termografi

Year 2018, Volume: 14 Issue: 2, 89 - 98, 31.12.2018

Abstract

Kızılötesi termal görüntüleme teknolojisi,
çevresel ve fizyolojik koşullara bağlı olarak hayvan metabolizmasındaki termal
değişimleri belirlemek için kullanılan temassız ve tahribatsız bir test
aracıdır. Bu teknoloji, hastalıkların tespit edilmesinde giderek artan bir
kullanıma sahiptir ve kanatlı hayvanlar ile büyükbaş hayvancılıkta genel stres
ve ağrıyı belirlemek için yararlı bir araç olarak kullanılabilir. Bu çalışma,
hayvancılıkta termal görüntüleme teknolojisinin kullanım alanlarına
değinmektedir. Örneğin, stres izleme, erken hastalık tespiti, sağlık ve refah
değerlendirmesi, korku ve / veya ağrı tespiti gibi. Bu çalışmada ayrıca,
kızılötesi teknolojisinin hayvancılıkta kullanımı ile birlikte, hayvancılık
endüstrisindeki hayvan sağlığı ve refahına ilişkin neden ve sonuçların
tartışılmasının sağlanması amaçlanmaktadır. Termal görüntüleme, cilt
sıcaklıklarındaki değişiklikleri hızlı ve uzaktan ölçerek hayvanlardaki bazı
anormallikleri belirlemek için kullanılabilir. Bilindiği gibi, anormal vücut
ısısı hastalığın önemli bir göstergesidir.  Ayrıca hamilelik ve yem verimliliği gibi çiftlik
hayvanlarının fizyolojik durumları da bu yöntem ile tespit edilebilir. Son yıllarda,
sığırlarda topallamayı belirlemek ve kontrol etmek için termografinin
değerlendirilmesini tartışan birçok çalışma yapılmıştır. Örneğin, inflamasyon
veya yaralanma ile ilişkili olarak ineklerin ayak lezyonlarının tespit edilmesi
amacıyla kullanılmış ve bu araştırma sonuçlarına göre, termal görüntüleme
teknolojisinin, hedef alandaki sıcaklık değişimlerini ve maksimum ayak
sıcaklığını tespit etme yeteneğine sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Termal
görüntüleme son zamanlarda, hayvanlarda korku ve / veya ağrıya bağlı tepkileri
tespit etmek için göz ısısındaki değişimlerin kullanılabileceğini de
göstermiştir. Örneğin, göz ısıları ölçülerek, sığır, bizon ve geyik gibi
hayvanların stres durumları bu teknoloji ile tespit edilmiştir. Aynı yöntem
başka bir çalışmada ise atlardaki stresin belirlenmesi amacıyla kullanılmış
olup bu yöntem koyunlar ve keçilerde dahil olmak üzere bir çok çiftlik
hayvanının sahip olduğu farklı problemlerin tespiti amacıyla kullanılabilir.
Örneğin, yeni doğan civcivlerin sağlık durumlarının tespiti ve büyükbaş
hayvanların sahip olduğu mastitit probleminin tespiti amacıyla termal
görüntüleme teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Son çalışmalar, buzağılardaki orbital
bölgenin termal görüntülerinin, hayvan hastalıklarının erken evrelerde, klinik
bulguların ortaya çıkmasından neredeyse bir hafta önce etkili bir şekilde
belirlenebildiğini göstermiştir. Termal görüntüleme tekniği, çok yönlü
özellikleri, temassız ve tahribatsız çalışabilme özelliği ve sahip olduğu yüksek
hassasiyet nedeniyle hayvancılıkta sayısız uygulamaya sahiptir. Bu avantajlar, çiftlik
hayvanlarının sağlık ve refah durumunu belirlemek için termal görüntülemenin yararlı
bir yöntem olduğunu göstermektedir. Termal görüntüleme teknolojisi sadece bir
teşhis yöntemi olarak değil, aynı zamanda rutin hayvancılık yönetimini
değerlendirmek için de kullanılmıştır. Ancak, her ne kadar hayvanların ısısal
paternlerindeki değişikliklerin tespit edilmesinde hassas olsa da, bu
metodoloji ısısal değişimlerin nedenlerini tanımlamak için yeterli olmayabilir
ve ekstra analiz yöntemleri ile desteklenmesi gerekebilir.                                                      

References

  • Alves, F. M., S. Felix, G. A. Almeida, I. C. L. Paz, 2012. Impact Of Exposure To Cold On Layer Production. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science 14:223-226.
  • Alsaaod, C., J. Syring, M. G. Dietrich, 2014. A Field Trial Of Infrared Thermography As A Non-Invasive Diagnostic Tool For Early Detection Of Digital Dermatitis In Dairy Cows. The Veterinary Journal 199:281–285.
  • Benesch, A., S. Hilsberg, 2003. Infrarot-Thermographische Untersuchungen Der Oberflächentemperatur Bei Zebras. Zool Gart 73:74–82.
  • Berry, R. J., A. D. Kennedy, S. L. Scott, 2003. Daily Variation In The Udder Surface Temperature Of Dairy Cows Measured By Infrared Thermography: Potential For Mastitis Detection. Can Vet J 83:687–693.
  • Bouzida, N., A. Bendada, X.P. Maldague, 2009. Visualization Of Body Thermoregulation By Infrared Imaging. Journal of Thermal Biology 34:120-126.
  • Bowers, S., S. Gandy, B. Anderson, 2009. Assessment Of Pregnancy In The Late-Gestation Mare Using Digital Infrared Thermography. Theriogenology 72:372–377.
  • Campbell, G. S., J. M. Norman, 1998. An Introduction To Environmental Biophysics. 2nd ed. New York: Springer Verlag 172–174.
  • Cangar, Ö., J. M. Aerts, J. Buyse, 2008. Quantification Of The Spatial Distribution Of Surface Temperatures Of Broilers. Poultry Science 87: 2493-2499.
  • Cook, N. J., A. B. Smykot, D. E. Holm, 2006. Assessing Feather Cover Of Laying Hens By Infrared Thermography. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 15: 274-279.
  • Cooper, M. A., K.W. Washburn, 1998. The Relationships Of Body Temperature To Weight Gain, Feed Consumption, And Feed Utilization In Broilers Under Heat Stress. Poultry Science 77: 237-242.
  • Church, J. S., P. R. Hegadoren, M. J. Paetkau, 2014. Influence Of Environmental Factors On Infrared Eye Temperature Measurements In Cattle. Res Vet Sci 96:220–226.
  • Dawkins, M. S., 1990. From An Animal's Point Of View: Motivation, Fitness And Animal Welfare. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 13:1-9.
  • Dawson, C., J. F. V. Vincent, G. Jeronimidis, 1999. Heat Transfer Through Penguin Feathers. Journal of Theoretical Biology 199: 291-295.
  • Direttiva 2010/63/UE del Parlamento Europeo e del Consiglio, del 22 settembre 2010 sulla protezione de¬gli animali utilizzati a fini scientifici (Testo rilevante ai fini del SEE). Gazzetta Ufficiale dell’Unione Europea, L 276/33
  • Durrant, B. S., N. Ravida, T. Spady, 2006. New Technologies For The Study Of Carnivore Reproduction. Theriogenology 66:1729–1736.
  • Eddy, A. L., L. M. Van Hoogmoed, J. R. Snyder, 2001. The Role Of Thermography In The Management Of Equine Lameness. The Veterinary Journal 162: 172–181.
  • Edgar, J. L., C. J. Nicol, C. A. Pugh, 2013. Surface Temperature Changes In Response To Handling In Domestic Chickens. Physiology & Behavior 119:195-200.
  • Ferreira, V. M. O. S., N. S. I. Francisco, M. I. Belloni, 2011. Infrared Thermography Applied To The Evaluation Of Metabolic Heat Loss Of Chicks Fed With Different Energy Densities. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science 13:113-118.
  • Hellebrand, H., U. Brehme, H. Beuche, 2003. Application Of Thermal Imaging For Cattle Management, in Proceedings. 1st Eur Conf Precision Livestock Farming 761–763.
  • Hilsberg, S., R. Gôltenboth, K. Eulenbèrger, 1997. Infrared Thermography Of Zoo Animals, First Experience In Its Use For Pregnancy Diagnosis. Verh Ber Erkrg Zootiere 38:187–190.
  • Hurnik, J. F., S. De Boer, A. B. Webster, 1984. Detection Of Health Disorders In Dairy Cattle Utilizing A Thermal Infrared Scan¬ning Technique. Can J Anim Sci 64:1071-3.
  • Knizkova, I., P. Kunc, G. A. K. Gürdil, Y. Pınar, K. Ç. Selvi, 2007. Applications Of Infrared Thermography In Animal Production. J. of Fac. of Agric., OMU, 22(3):329-336.
  • Loughin, C. A., D. J. Marino, 2007. Evaluation Of Thermographic Imaging Of The Limbs Of Healthy Dogs. Am J Vet Res 68:1064–1069.
  • Malheiros, R. D., V. M. B. Moraes, L. D. G. Bruno, 2000. Environmental Temperature And Cloacal And Surface Temperatures Of Broilers Chicks In First Week Post Hatch. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 9: 111-117.
  • McCafferty, D. J., C. Gilbert, W. Paterson, 2011. Estimating Metabolic Heat Loss In Birds And Mammals By Combining Infrared Thermography With Biophysical Modelling. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 158:337–345.
  • McCafferty, D. J., J. B. Moncrieff, R. Taylor, 1998. The Use Of Ir Thermography To Measure The Radiative Temperature And Heat Loss Of A Barn Owl (Tyto Alba). Journal of Thermal Biology 23: 311-318.
  • Moura, D.J., I. A. Nääs, D. F. Pereira, 2006. Animal Welfare Concepts And Strategy For Poultry Production: A Review. Revista Brasileira de Ciência Avícola 8: 137-147.
  • Nääs, I. A., C. E. B. Romanini, D.P. Neves, 2010. Broiler Surface Temperature Distribution Of 42 Day Old Chickens. Scientia Agricola, 67(5), 497-502.
  • Nanni Costa, L., C. Stelletta, C. Cannizzo, 2007. The Use Of Thermography On The Slaughter-Line For The Assessment Of Pork And Raw Ham Quality. Ital J Anim Sci 6(1):704–706.
  • Nelson, H., D. Osheim, 1975. Soring In Tennessee Walking Horses: Detection By Thermography. Fort Collins, Colo: USDA APHIS Veterinary Services Laboratories. 104–108.
  • Nicol, C. J., G. B. Scott, 1990. Pre-Slaughter Handling And Transport Of Broiler Chickens. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 28: 57-73.
  • Nikkhah, A., J. C. Plaizier, M. S. Einarson, 2005. Infrared Thermography And Visual Examination Of Hooves Of Dairy Cows In Two Stages Of Lactation. Journal of Dairy Science 88: 2749–2753.
  • Paulrud, C. O., S. Clausen, P. E. Andersen, 2005. Infrared Thermography And Ultrasonography To Indirectly Monitor The Influence Of Liner Type And Overmilking On Teat Tissue Recovery. Acta Vet Scand 46:137–147.
  • Poikalainen, V., J. Praks, I. Veermae, 2016. Infrared Temperature Pat-Ajvr 77(1):107.
  • Redaelli, V., S. Tarantino, C. Ricci, F. Luzi, A. Zecconi, M. Verga, 2009. A Non Invasive Method To Measure Lameness In Dairy Cow. Ital J Anim Sci 8(2):671.
  • Schaefer, A., S. Jones, A. Murray, 1989. Infrared Thermography Of Pigs With Known Genotypes For Stress Susceptibility In Relation To Pork Quality. Can J Anim Sci 69:491–495.
  • Schaefer, A.L., N. Cook, S. V. Tessaro, D. Deregt, G. Desroches, D. L. Godsson, 2003. Early Detection And Prediction Of In¬fection Using Infrared Thermography. Can J Anim Sci 84:73-80.
  • Schaefer, A.L., N. Cook, S.V. Tessaro, 2004a. Early Detection And Prediction Of Infection Using Infrared Thermography. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 84: 73–80.
  • Schaefer, A. L., 2004b. Early Detection And Prediction Of Infection Using Infrared Thermography. Can J Anim Sci 84:73–80.
  • Schaefer, A. L., 2007. The Use Of Infrared Thermography As An Early Indicator Of Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex In Calves. Res Vet Sci 83:376–384.
  • Schaefer, A. L., N. J. Cook, C. Bench, 2012. The Non-Invasive And Automated Detection Of Bovine Respiratory Disease Onset On Receiver Calves Using Infrared Thermography. Research in Veterinary Science 93: 928–935.
  • Schaefer, A. L., 2012. The Non-Invasive And Automated Detection Of Bovine Respiratory Disease Onset In Receiver Calves Using Infrared Thermography. Res Vet Sci 93:928–935.
  • Scott, S. L., A. L. Schaefer, A. K. W. Tong, P. Lacasse, 2000. Use Of Infrared Thermography Or Early Detection Of Mastitis In Dairy Cows. Can J Anim Sci 70:764-5.
  • Spire, M. F., J. S. Drouillard, J. C. Galland, 1999. Use Of Infrared Thermography To Detect Inflammation Caused By Contaminated Growth Promotant Ear Implants In Cattle. J Am Vet Med Assoc 215:1320–1324.
  • Stelletta, C., M. Gianesella., J. Vencato, 2012. Thermographic Applications In Veterinary Medicine. In: prakash drv, ed. Infrared thermography Rijeka, Croatia: InTech, 117–140.
  • Stewart, M., J. R. Webster, A. L. Schaefer, 2005. Infrared Thermography As A Non-Invasive Tool To Study Animal Welfare. Animal Welfare 14: 319-325.
  • Stewart, M., K. J. Stafford, S. K. Dowling, 2008. Eye Temperature And Heart Rate Variability Of Calves Disbudded With Or Without Local Anaesthetic. Physiology & Behavior 93:789–797.
  • Tessier, M., D. Du Tremblay, C. Klopfenstein, 2003. Abdominal Skin Temperature Variation In Healthy Broiler Chickens As Determined By Thermography. Poultry Science 82: 846-849.
  • Turner, T. A., 1991. Thermography As An Aid To The Clinical Lameness Evaluation. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 7:311–338.
  • Vainionpää, M., K. Salla, F. Restitutti, 2013. Thermographic Imaging Of Superficial Temperature In Dogs Sedated With Medetomidine And Butorphanol With And Without Mk-467 (L-659’066). Vet Anaesth Analg 40:142–148.
  • Van hoogmoed, L. M., J.R. Snyder, 2002. Use Of Infrared Thermography To Detect Injections And Palmar Digital Neurectomy In Horses. Vet J 164:129–141.
  • Vianna, D. M. L., P. Carrive, 2005. Changes In Cutaneous And Body Temperature During And After Conditioned Fear To Context In The Rat. Proc Aust Neuroscience Soc 21:2505-12.
  • Ward, S., J. M. V. Rayner, U. Möller, 1999. Heat Transfer From Starling Sturnus Vulgaris During Flight. Journal of Experimental Biology 202: 1589-1602.
  • Watmough, D. J., P. W. Fowler, R. Oliver, 1970. The Thermal Scanning Of A Curved Isothermal Surface: Implications For Clinical Thermography. Phys Med Biol 15:1–8.
  • Weschenfelder, A. V., L. Saucier, X. Maldague, 2013. Use Of Infrared Ocular Thermography To Assess Physiological Conditions Of Pigs Prior To Slaughter And Predict Pork Quality Variation. Meat Science 95: 616-620.
  • Westermann, S., C. Stanek, J. P. Schramel, 2013a. The Effect Of Airflow On Thermographically Determined Temperature Of The Distal Forelimb Of The Horse. Equine Vet J, 45:637–641.
  • Westermann, S., H. H. Buchner, J. P. Schramel, 2013b. Effects Of Infrared Camera Angle And Distance On Measurement And Reproducibility Of Thermographically Determined Temperatures Of The Distolateral Aspects Of The Forelimbs In Horses. J Am Vet Med Assoc 242:388–395.
  • Wtermografihgen, T., S. Zipser S. Geidel, 2011. Precise IR-Based Temperature Measuring—A Case Study For The Automatic Health Monitoring Of Dairy Cows, in Proceedings. SENSOR+TEST Conf IRS2; 51–56.
  • Yahav, S., A. Straschnow, E. Vax, 2001. Air Velocity Alters Broiler Performance Under Harsh Environmental Conditions. Poultry Science 80: 724-726.
  • Yahav, S., A. Straschnow, D. Luger, 2004. Ventilation, Sensible Heat Loss, Broiler Energy, And Water Balance Under Harsh Environmental Conditions. Poultry Science 83:253-258.
  • Zhou, W. T., S. Yamamoto, 1997. Effects Of Environmental Temperature And Heat Production Due To Food Intake On Abdominal Temperature, Shank Skin Temperature And Respiration Rate Of Broilers. British Poultry Science 38.
Year 2018, Volume: 14 Issue: 2, 89 - 98, 31.12.2018

Abstract

References

  • Alves, F. M., S. Felix, G. A. Almeida, I. C. L. Paz, 2012. Impact Of Exposure To Cold On Layer Production. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science 14:223-226.
  • Alsaaod, C., J. Syring, M. G. Dietrich, 2014. A Field Trial Of Infrared Thermography As A Non-Invasive Diagnostic Tool For Early Detection Of Digital Dermatitis In Dairy Cows. The Veterinary Journal 199:281–285.
  • Benesch, A., S. Hilsberg, 2003. Infrarot-Thermographische Untersuchungen Der Oberflächentemperatur Bei Zebras. Zool Gart 73:74–82.
  • Berry, R. J., A. D. Kennedy, S. L. Scott, 2003. Daily Variation In The Udder Surface Temperature Of Dairy Cows Measured By Infrared Thermography: Potential For Mastitis Detection. Can Vet J 83:687–693.
  • Bouzida, N., A. Bendada, X.P. Maldague, 2009. Visualization Of Body Thermoregulation By Infrared Imaging. Journal of Thermal Biology 34:120-126.
  • Bowers, S., S. Gandy, B. Anderson, 2009. Assessment Of Pregnancy In The Late-Gestation Mare Using Digital Infrared Thermography. Theriogenology 72:372–377.
  • Campbell, G. S., J. M. Norman, 1998. An Introduction To Environmental Biophysics. 2nd ed. New York: Springer Verlag 172–174.
  • Cangar, Ö., J. M. Aerts, J. Buyse, 2008. Quantification Of The Spatial Distribution Of Surface Temperatures Of Broilers. Poultry Science 87: 2493-2499.
  • Cook, N. J., A. B. Smykot, D. E. Holm, 2006. Assessing Feather Cover Of Laying Hens By Infrared Thermography. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 15: 274-279.
  • Cooper, M. A., K.W. Washburn, 1998. The Relationships Of Body Temperature To Weight Gain, Feed Consumption, And Feed Utilization In Broilers Under Heat Stress. Poultry Science 77: 237-242.
  • Church, J. S., P. R. Hegadoren, M. J. Paetkau, 2014. Influence Of Environmental Factors On Infrared Eye Temperature Measurements In Cattle. Res Vet Sci 96:220–226.
  • Dawkins, M. S., 1990. From An Animal's Point Of View: Motivation, Fitness And Animal Welfare. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 13:1-9.
  • Dawson, C., J. F. V. Vincent, G. Jeronimidis, 1999. Heat Transfer Through Penguin Feathers. Journal of Theoretical Biology 199: 291-295.
  • Direttiva 2010/63/UE del Parlamento Europeo e del Consiglio, del 22 settembre 2010 sulla protezione de¬gli animali utilizzati a fini scientifici (Testo rilevante ai fini del SEE). Gazzetta Ufficiale dell’Unione Europea, L 276/33
  • Durrant, B. S., N. Ravida, T. Spady, 2006. New Technologies For The Study Of Carnivore Reproduction. Theriogenology 66:1729–1736.
  • Eddy, A. L., L. M. Van Hoogmoed, J. R. Snyder, 2001. The Role Of Thermography In The Management Of Equine Lameness. The Veterinary Journal 162: 172–181.
  • Edgar, J. L., C. J. Nicol, C. A. Pugh, 2013. Surface Temperature Changes In Response To Handling In Domestic Chickens. Physiology & Behavior 119:195-200.
  • Ferreira, V. M. O. S., N. S. I. Francisco, M. I. Belloni, 2011. Infrared Thermography Applied To The Evaluation Of Metabolic Heat Loss Of Chicks Fed With Different Energy Densities. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science 13:113-118.
  • Hellebrand, H., U. Brehme, H. Beuche, 2003. Application Of Thermal Imaging For Cattle Management, in Proceedings. 1st Eur Conf Precision Livestock Farming 761–763.
  • Hilsberg, S., R. Gôltenboth, K. Eulenbèrger, 1997. Infrared Thermography Of Zoo Animals, First Experience In Its Use For Pregnancy Diagnosis. Verh Ber Erkrg Zootiere 38:187–190.
  • Hurnik, J. F., S. De Boer, A. B. Webster, 1984. Detection Of Health Disorders In Dairy Cattle Utilizing A Thermal Infrared Scan¬ning Technique. Can J Anim Sci 64:1071-3.
  • Knizkova, I., P. Kunc, G. A. K. Gürdil, Y. Pınar, K. Ç. Selvi, 2007. Applications Of Infrared Thermography In Animal Production. J. of Fac. of Agric., OMU, 22(3):329-336.
  • Loughin, C. A., D. J. Marino, 2007. Evaluation Of Thermographic Imaging Of The Limbs Of Healthy Dogs. Am J Vet Res 68:1064–1069.
  • Malheiros, R. D., V. M. B. Moraes, L. D. G. Bruno, 2000. Environmental Temperature And Cloacal And Surface Temperatures Of Broilers Chicks In First Week Post Hatch. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 9: 111-117.
  • McCafferty, D. J., C. Gilbert, W. Paterson, 2011. Estimating Metabolic Heat Loss In Birds And Mammals By Combining Infrared Thermography With Biophysical Modelling. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 158:337–345.
  • McCafferty, D. J., J. B. Moncrieff, R. Taylor, 1998. The Use Of Ir Thermography To Measure The Radiative Temperature And Heat Loss Of A Barn Owl (Tyto Alba). Journal of Thermal Biology 23: 311-318.
  • Moura, D.J., I. A. Nääs, D. F. Pereira, 2006. Animal Welfare Concepts And Strategy For Poultry Production: A Review. Revista Brasileira de Ciência Avícola 8: 137-147.
  • Nääs, I. A., C. E. B. Romanini, D.P. Neves, 2010. Broiler Surface Temperature Distribution Of 42 Day Old Chickens. Scientia Agricola, 67(5), 497-502.
  • Nanni Costa, L., C. Stelletta, C. Cannizzo, 2007. The Use Of Thermography On The Slaughter-Line For The Assessment Of Pork And Raw Ham Quality. Ital J Anim Sci 6(1):704–706.
  • Nelson, H., D. Osheim, 1975. Soring In Tennessee Walking Horses: Detection By Thermography. Fort Collins, Colo: USDA APHIS Veterinary Services Laboratories. 104–108.
  • Nicol, C. J., G. B. Scott, 1990. Pre-Slaughter Handling And Transport Of Broiler Chickens. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 28: 57-73.
  • Nikkhah, A., J. C. Plaizier, M. S. Einarson, 2005. Infrared Thermography And Visual Examination Of Hooves Of Dairy Cows In Two Stages Of Lactation. Journal of Dairy Science 88: 2749–2753.
  • Paulrud, C. O., S. Clausen, P. E. Andersen, 2005. Infrared Thermography And Ultrasonography To Indirectly Monitor The Influence Of Liner Type And Overmilking On Teat Tissue Recovery. Acta Vet Scand 46:137–147.
  • Poikalainen, V., J. Praks, I. Veermae, 2016. Infrared Temperature Pat-Ajvr 77(1):107.
  • Redaelli, V., S. Tarantino, C. Ricci, F. Luzi, A. Zecconi, M. Verga, 2009. A Non Invasive Method To Measure Lameness In Dairy Cow. Ital J Anim Sci 8(2):671.
  • Schaefer, A., S. Jones, A. Murray, 1989. Infrared Thermography Of Pigs With Known Genotypes For Stress Susceptibility In Relation To Pork Quality. Can J Anim Sci 69:491–495.
  • Schaefer, A.L., N. Cook, S. V. Tessaro, D. Deregt, G. Desroches, D. L. Godsson, 2003. Early Detection And Prediction Of In¬fection Using Infrared Thermography. Can J Anim Sci 84:73-80.
  • Schaefer, A.L., N. Cook, S.V. Tessaro, 2004a. Early Detection And Prediction Of Infection Using Infrared Thermography. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 84: 73–80.
  • Schaefer, A. L., 2004b. Early Detection And Prediction Of Infection Using Infrared Thermography. Can J Anim Sci 84:73–80.
  • Schaefer, A. L., 2007. The Use Of Infrared Thermography As An Early Indicator Of Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex In Calves. Res Vet Sci 83:376–384.
  • Schaefer, A. L., N. J. Cook, C. Bench, 2012. The Non-Invasive And Automated Detection Of Bovine Respiratory Disease Onset On Receiver Calves Using Infrared Thermography. Research in Veterinary Science 93: 928–935.
  • Schaefer, A. L., 2012. The Non-Invasive And Automated Detection Of Bovine Respiratory Disease Onset In Receiver Calves Using Infrared Thermography. Res Vet Sci 93:928–935.
  • Scott, S. L., A. L. Schaefer, A. K. W. Tong, P. Lacasse, 2000. Use Of Infrared Thermography Or Early Detection Of Mastitis In Dairy Cows. Can J Anim Sci 70:764-5.
  • Spire, M. F., J. S. Drouillard, J. C. Galland, 1999. Use Of Infrared Thermography To Detect Inflammation Caused By Contaminated Growth Promotant Ear Implants In Cattle. J Am Vet Med Assoc 215:1320–1324.
  • Stelletta, C., M. Gianesella., J. Vencato, 2012. Thermographic Applications In Veterinary Medicine. In: prakash drv, ed. Infrared thermography Rijeka, Croatia: InTech, 117–140.
  • Stewart, M., J. R. Webster, A. L. Schaefer, 2005. Infrared Thermography As A Non-Invasive Tool To Study Animal Welfare. Animal Welfare 14: 319-325.
  • Stewart, M., K. J. Stafford, S. K. Dowling, 2008. Eye Temperature And Heart Rate Variability Of Calves Disbudded With Or Without Local Anaesthetic. Physiology & Behavior 93:789–797.
  • Tessier, M., D. Du Tremblay, C. Klopfenstein, 2003. Abdominal Skin Temperature Variation In Healthy Broiler Chickens As Determined By Thermography. Poultry Science 82: 846-849.
  • Turner, T. A., 1991. Thermography As An Aid To The Clinical Lameness Evaluation. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 7:311–338.
  • Vainionpää, M., K. Salla, F. Restitutti, 2013. Thermographic Imaging Of Superficial Temperature In Dogs Sedated With Medetomidine And Butorphanol With And Without Mk-467 (L-659’066). Vet Anaesth Analg 40:142–148.
  • Van hoogmoed, L. M., J.R. Snyder, 2002. Use Of Infrared Thermography To Detect Injections And Palmar Digital Neurectomy In Horses. Vet J 164:129–141.
  • Vianna, D. M. L., P. Carrive, 2005. Changes In Cutaneous And Body Temperature During And After Conditioned Fear To Context In The Rat. Proc Aust Neuroscience Soc 21:2505-12.
  • Ward, S., J. M. V. Rayner, U. Möller, 1999. Heat Transfer From Starling Sturnus Vulgaris During Flight. Journal of Experimental Biology 202: 1589-1602.
  • Watmough, D. J., P. W. Fowler, R. Oliver, 1970. The Thermal Scanning Of A Curved Isothermal Surface: Implications For Clinical Thermography. Phys Med Biol 15:1–8.
  • Weschenfelder, A. V., L. Saucier, X. Maldague, 2013. Use Of Infrared Ocular Thermography To Assess Physiological Conditions Of Pigs Prior To Slaughter And Predict Pork Quality Variation. Meat Science 95: 616-620.
  • Westermann, S., C. Stanek, J. P. Schramel, 2013a. The Effect Of Airflow On Thermographically Determined Temperature Of The Distal Forelimb Of The Horse. Equine Vet J, 45:637–641.
  • Westermann, S., H. H. Buchner, J. P. Schramel, 2013b. Effects Of Infrared Camera Angle And Distance On Measurement And Reproducibility Of Thermographically Determined Temperatures Of The Distolateral Aspects Of The Forelimbs In Horses. J Am Vet Med Assoc 242:388–395.
  • Wtermografihgen, T., S. Zipser S. Geidel, 2011. Precise IR-Based Temperature Measuring—A Case Study For The Automatic Health Monitoring Of Dairy Cows, in Proceedings. SENSOR+TEST Conf IRS2; 51–56.
  • Yahav, S., A. Straschnow, E. Vax, 2001. Air Velocity Alters Broiler Performance Under Harsh Environmental Conditions. Poultry Science 80: 724-726.
  • Yahav, S., A. Straschnow, D. Luger, 2004. Ventilation, Sensible Heat Loss, Broiler Energy, And Water Balance Under Harsh Environmental Conditions. Poultry Science 83:253-258.
  • Zhou, W. T., S. Yamamoto, 1997. Effects Of Environmental Temperature And Heat Production Due To Food Intake On Abdominal Temperature, Shank Skin Temperature And Respiration Rate Of Broilers. British Poultry Science 38.
There are 61 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Arda Aydın

Cihan Demir This is me

Publication Date December 31, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 14 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Aydın, A., & Demir, C. (2018). Hayvanların Sağlığını, Refahını ve Üretimini Değerlendirmek İçin Temassız ve Tahribatsız Bir Araç Olarak Kızılötesi Termografi. Tarım Makinaları Bilimi Dergisi, 14(2), 89-98.

Journal of Agricultural Machinery Science is a refereed scientific journal published by the Agricultural Machinery Association as 3 issues a year.