Diyarbakır Pamuk Çırçır Endüstrisinde Gürültü ve Toz Seviyelerinin İşçi Sağlığı ve Çevresel Yönden Olası Etkilerinin Belirlenmesi

Year 2023, Volume: 19 Issue: 2, 109 - 118, 29.08.2023

Reşat Esgici , Fatih Göksel Pekitkan , Abdullah Sessiz

Abstract

Gürültü ve hava kirliliğinin, çalışanın vücuduna, sağlığına, farklı iş güvenliği ve çevresel risk faktörlerine olumsuz etkileri vardır. Makinaların çalışması sırasında oluşan gürültü ve hava kirliliği, çeşitli hastalık ve rahatsızlıklara neden olabilir. Bu çalışmada Diyarbakır ilindeki çırçır fabrikalarının işçi sağlığı ve çevre üzerine etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla çırçır işletmelerinde gürültü ve toz seviyeleri ölçülmüştür. Çalışma, 2019 yılı Kasım ve Aralık aylarında Diyarbakır ilinde bulunan çırçır fabrikalarında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çırçır makinalarının ortalama gürültü seviyeleri Mastech MS6300 çevre ölçüm cihazı ile, toz seviyeleri ise DT-9880 partikül sayıcı cihaz ile ölçülmüştür. Ölçümler zeminden veya çalışma platformundan yaklaşık 1.5 m yükseklikte ve duvarlardan en az 1 m mesafede yapılmıştır. Çırçır fabrikaları, makina sayıları ve makinaların yerleşimleri açısından bazı farklılıklara sahiptir. Uluslararası Çalışma Örgütü (ILO) ve Ulusal Mesleki Güvenlik ve Sağlık Enstitüsü (NIOSH) standartlarına göre geçici ve kalıcı işitme kaybı uyarı limiti 85 dBA ve tehlike limiti 90 dBA'dir. Yapılan testlerin sonuçları, tüm gürültü ölçümlerinin izin verilen sınırın (90 dBA) üzerinde olduğunu göstermiştir. Çırçır fabrikalarının hepsinde maksimum gürültü seviyesi 95 dBA’in üzerinde bulunmuştur. Ölçülen değerler ışığında, söz konusu değerler işçinin sağlığı ve iş güvenliğine olumsuz etkileri bakımından tehlike sınırı olarak kabul edilmiştir. Bu nedenle gürültü seviyelerinin 85 dBA’in altına düşürülebilmesi için araştırmalar yapılması gerekmektedir. Ayrıca tüm fabrikalarda ölçülen ortalama toz konsantrasyonları sınır konsantrasyon seviyesinden daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Toz partikül boyutları 0.3 ile 10 µm arasında değişmiştir. Ölçülen toz partikül sayısı bakımından tüm işletmeler riskli olan kırmızı grupta yer almaktadır.

Keywords

Çırçır endüstrisi, Gürültü, Toz, İşçi sağlığı ve çevre

Determination of the Possible Effects of Noise and Dust Levels in the Cotton Ginning Industry of Diyarbakir in Terms of Worker Health and Environment

Abstract

Noise and air pollution have negative effect on the worker’s body, health and on different occupational safety and environmental risk factor. Noise and air pollution may be the cause of various types of diseases and disturbances during operations of machines. In this study, it is aimed to determine the effect of ginning factory on worker’s health and environmental in Diyarbakır province, Turkey. Noise and dust levels were measured for this purpose in ginning enterprises. The study has been carried out in cotton ginning factory of Diyarbakır province from December to November in 2019. The mean noise levels of the ginning machines were measured by Mastech MS6300, the dust level was measured by DT-9880 particle counter device. Measurements were made at a distance of about 1.50 m above the floor or work platform and at least 1 meter from walls in various directions. The ginning factories have some differences in terms of the number of machines and their placement in workshop. According to standards of the International Labor Organization (ILO) and National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), temporary and permanent hearing loss warning limit is 85 dBA and danger limit is 90 dBA. According to results of tests, all measurements showed that the level of noise was above permissible limit (90 dBA). Some textile machinery's highest noise level has been recorded at 95 dB. So, In the light of measured values, these values have accepted as dangerous limit for worker’s healthy and negative effect on occupational safety. Therefore, it is necessary to do research to reduce noise levels under 85 dBA. Also, the average dusts concentrations were found more in all facilities than limit concentrations level. Dust particles sizes were changed between 0.3 to 10 µm (0.3, 0,5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10). The number of dust particles measured in all enterprises is involved in the red group.

Keywords

Ginning industry, Noise, Dust, Worker health and environment

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