Application of the Mitscherlich-Bray equation in the estimation of nitrogen fertilizer requirements of bread wheat grown in dry and irrigated conditions

Year 2022, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 150 - 158, 27.12.2022

Ayşegül Korkmaz , Fatma Gökmen Yılmaz , Mustafa Harmankaya , Sait Gezgin

https://doi.org/10.33409/tbbbd.1155596

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the nitrogen requirement of bread wheat by using the Mitscherlich-Bray Equation, depending on the increase in the yield and increasing doses of nitrogen applications with the amount of KCl and extractable NO3-N in the soil in dry and irrigated conditions. The experiments were carried out according to the randomized blocks trial design using urea (46% N) fertilizer 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 kg N da-1 at nitrogen doses were applied in dry conditions while in irrigated conditions were used at a rate of 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 kg N da-1. As a result of the study, it was determined to have an essential relationship between NO3-N content extractable with KCl in the soil and increasing yield. This situation showed that the Mitscherlich-Bray equation could be used. The equations log (100-y)= log 100-b1*0.091-0.107*x for dry conditions and log (100-y)= log 100-b1*0.043-0.076*x for irrigated conditions were determined In defining the nitrogen requirement of the plant. In addition, the theoretical maximum yield in bread wheat was found at 435 kg da-1 in dry conditions, and 574.3 kg da-1 in irrigated conditions. For a production targeting 90% of the theoretical maximum yield of bread wheat, it was determined that the NO3-N content in the soil had 10 kg or above in dry conditions and 22 kg or above in irrigated conditions. Therefore, increasing crops could be provided in this case, but an economic analysis was required. Consequently, using insufficient or excessive nitrogen fertilizer could be economically prevented to the amount of nitrogen fertilizer required dose determined by using the Mitscherlich-Bray equation for bread wheat in dry and irrigated conditions. Furthermore, using fertilizer as needed will contribute significantly to the economy of producers and the country.

Keywords

Wheat, KCl metod, dry, Mitscherlich-Bray, irrigated

Kuru ve sulu koşullarda yetiştirilen ekmeklik buğdayın azotlu gübre gereksinimlerinin tahmin edilmesinde Mitscherlich-Bray eşitliğinin uygulanması

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, kuru ve sulu koşullarda artan dozlarda azot uygulamalarının üründe sağladığı arıtışa ve toprakta bulunan KCl ile ekstrakte edilebilir NO3-N’u miktarına bağlı olarak Mitscherlich-Bray Eşitliği kullanılarak ekmeklik buğdayın azot ihtiyacının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre kuru koşullarda yürütülen denemelerde dekara 0, 3, 6, 9 ve 12 kg N uygulanırken sulu koşullarda 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 ve 24 kg N olacak şekilde üre (%46 N) gübresi kullanılarak uygulanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, topraktaki KCl ile ekstrakte edilebilir NO3-N içeriği ile ürün artışı arasında elde edilen ilişkinin önemli olduğu ve Mitscherlich-Bray eşitliğinin kullanılabileceği belirlenmiştir. Bitkinin azot ihtiyacının belirlenmesinde kuru koşullar için log (100-y)= log 100-b1*0.091-0.107*x ve sulu koşullar için log (100-y)= log 100-b1*0.043-0.076*x eşitlikleri belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca kuru koşullarda teorik maksimum verim 435 kg da-1 iken sulu koşullarda 574.3 kg da-1 olduğu bulunmuştur. Ekmeklik buğdayın teorik maksimum verimin %90’ını hedef alan bir üretim için kuru koşullarda toprakta 10 kg veya daha fazla, sulu koşullarda ise 22 kg veya daha fazla NO3-N’u olması gerektiği belirlenmiştir. Bu durumda üründe artışlar sağlanabildiği ancak ekonomik analizin yapılması gerekliği ifade edilmiştir. Sonuçta, kuru ve sulu koşullarda ekmeklik buğday için Mitscherlich-Bray eşitliği kullanarak belirlenmiş ve ekonomik olarak uygulanması gerekli azotlu gübre miktarları, eksik veya gereğinden fazla azotlu gübre kullanımın önüne geçecektir. Dahası, ihtiyaç kadar gübre kullanımı ile hem üreticiler hem de ülke ekonomisine büyük katkılar sağlanacaktır.

Keywords

Buğday, KCl metodu, kuru, Mitscherlich-Bray, sulu

References

• Ali A, Anum W, Ali L, Manzoor N, Shah SWH, Ch AUR, Nabi G, 2022. Application of Mitscherlich–Bray equation for fertılizer use on raya. Pak Euro J. of Medical and Life Sci. 5 (2): 301- 308. Doi: 10.31580/pjmls.v5i2.2533.
• Afzal S, Islam M, Obaid-Ur R, 2014. Application of Mitscherlich-Bray equation for fertilizer use on groundnut. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal. 45: 1636-1645. Doi: 10.1080/00103624.2014.907911.
• Blair N, Crocker GJ, 2000. Crop rotation effects on soil carbon and physical fertility of two Australian soils. Soil Rese. 38(1): 71-84.
• Bose PC, Kar R, Bajpai AK, 2010. Soil test based sulphur fertilization for targeted yields of mulberry. J. of Crop and Weed. 6(1): 22-24.
• Bray RH. 1945. Nitrates tests for soils and plant tissues. Soil Sci. 60: 219-222.
• Bremner, J. T. 1965. Inorganic forms of nitrogen. Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 2 Chemical and Microbiological Properties. 9, 1179-1237. Doi: 10.2134/agronmonogr9.2.c33.
• Dahnke WC, 1971. Use of the nitrate specific ion electrode in soil testing. Comm. in Soil Sci. and Plant Analy. 2(2): 73-84. Doi: 10.1080/00103627109366292.
• European Communities, 2009. Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. https://esdac.jrc.ec.europa.eu/projects/SOCO/FactSheets/ENFactSheet-03.pdf
• Fageria NK, Moreira A, Coelho AM, 2011. Yield and yield components of upland rice as influenced by nitrogen sources. J. of Plant Nut. 34(3): 361-370. Doi: 10.1080/01904167.2011.536878.
• Gao J, Lu Y, Chen Z, Wang L, Zhou J, 2019. Land‐use change from cropland to orchard leads to high nitrate accumulation in the soils of a small catchment. Land Deg. & Develop. 30(17): 2150-2161. Doi: 10.1002/ldr.3412.
• Kassa M, Kebede F, Haile W, 2021. Forms and dynamics of soil potassium in acid soil in the wolaita zone of southern Ethiopia. Applied and Environ Soil Sci. 2021(10). Doi: 10.1155/2021/9917316.
• Korkmaz A, Yılmaz FG, Kulluk DA, Gezgin S, 2021. Kop Bölgesinde buğdayın azotlu gübre ihtiyacının belirlenmesi. 8. Uluslararası KOP Bölgesel Kalkınma Sempozyumu, 594-595, 26-28 Ekim, Nevşehir.
• Keeney DR, Bremner JM, 1966. Comparison and evaluation of laboratory methods of obtaining an index of soil nitrogen availability 1. Agronomy J. 58(5): 498-503. Doi: 10.2134/agronj1966.00021962005800050013x.
• Lu J, Bai Z, Velthof GL, Wu Z, Chadwick D, Ma L, 2019. Accumulation and leaching of nitrate in soils in wheat-maize production in China. Agric. Water Manage. 212: 407-415. Doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2018.08.039.
• Polat H, 2020. Türkiye’de kimyasal azotlu gübre tüketim durumunun ve toprak analizi zorunluluğunun azotlu gübre kullanımına etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi. Top. Su D. 9(2): 60-71.
• Selassie YG, Suwanarit A, Suwannarat C, Sarobol E, 2003. Equations for estimating nitrogen fertilizer requirements from soil analysis for maize (Zea mays L.) grown on Alfisols of northwestern Ethiopia. Agric. and Nat. Resour. 37(2): 157-167.
• Shan L, He Y, Chen J, Huang Q, Lian X, Wang H, Liu Y, 2015. Nitrogen surface run off losses from a Chinese cabbage field under different nitrogen treatments in the Taihu Lake Basin, China. Agric.Water Manage. 159: 255-263. Doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2016.12.018.
• Shakoor A, Bosch-Serra ÀD, Lidon A, Ginetar D, Boixadera J, 2022. Soil nitrogen dynamics in fallow periods in a rainfed semiarid Mediterranean system. Pedosphere. Doi: 10.1016/j.pedsph.2022.06.051.
• Stanford G, Carter JN, Simpson Jr EC, Schwaninger DE, 1973. Nitrate determination by a modified Conway microdiffusion method. J. of the Ass.of Off. Analy. Che. 56(6): 1365-1368. Doi: 10.1093/jaoac/56.6.1365.
• Sonar KR, Babhulkar VP, 2002. Application of Mitscherlich–Bray equation for fertilizer use in wheat. Comm. in Soil Sci. and Plant Analy. 33(15-18): 3241-3249. Doi: 10.1081/CSS-120014519.
• Srivastava S, Subba Rao A, Alivelu K, Singh KN, Raju NS, Rathore A, 2006. Evaluation of crop responses to applied fertilizer phosphorus and derivation of optimum recommendations using the Mitscherlich–Bray equation. Communications in Soil Sci. and Plant Analy. 37(05-06): 847-858. Doi: 10.1080/00103620600564182. Sutton MA, Reis S, Riddick SN, Dragosits U, Nemitz E, Theobald MR, De Vries W, 2013. Towards a climate-dependent paradigm of ammonia emission and deposition. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sci. 368(1621): 20130166. Doi: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0166.
• Şahin G, 2016. Türkiye'de gübre kullanım durumu ve gübreleme konusunda yaşanan problemler. Tarım Eko. D. 22(1): 19-32. Yılmaz FG, Korkmaz A, Isik Y, Saglik NC, Kulluk DA, Kaya Y, Kaya Y, Arısoy RZ, Partigöç F, Gezgin, S. 2021. Determination of the nitrate sufficiency limit value for nitrogenous fertilization use in wheat grown on a calcareous soils through application of Mitscherlich-Bray equation. Comm. in Soil Sci. and Plant Analy. 52(19): 2207-2216. Doi: 10.1080/00103624.2021.1908320.
• Vashisht BB, Nigon T, Mulla DJ, Rosen C, Xu H, Twine T, Jalota SK, 2015. Adaptation of water and nitrogen management to future climates for sustaining potato yield in Minnesota: Field and simulation study. Agric.l Water Manage. 152: 198-206. Doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2015.01.
• Zhou J, Gu B, Schlesinger WH, Ju X, 2016. Significant accumulation of nitrate in Chinese semi-humid croplands. Scientific Reports. 6:25088. Doi: 10.1038/srep25088.